los

See also: Appendix:Variations of "los"

Languages (44)

Translingual • English

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Achang • Afrikaans • Ambonese Malay • Aragonese • Asturian • Bavarian • Catalan • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Franco-Provençal • French • Galician • German • Indonesian • Interlingua • Ladino • Low German • Manado Malay • Mauritian Creole • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle Scots • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old Dutch • Old English • Old French • Old High German • Old Polish • Old Spanish • Polish • Portuguese • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • White Hmong • Zazaki

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Loniu with s as a placeholder.

Symbol

los

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Loniu.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Loniu terms

English

Lynx lynx

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English lusk, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with Scots los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

Alternative forms

• losse

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /lɒs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /lɑs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒs
• Homophone: loss
• Hyphenation: los

Noun

los (plural loses)

1. (obsolete) A medium-sized wildcat, most of them part of the genus Lynx.

   Synonym: lynx

   The los had been brought from a northern part of the United States.

   • 1592, Thomas Thomasius, Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium tertio ... emendatum ... et longe auctius ... redditum.:

     A beaſt like unto a wolfe having many ſpottes, and being exceeding quicke of ſight: a wolfe like an hart, a Los or Lynx.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle English los, from Old English los, from Proto-Germanic *lusą, from Proto-Indo-European *lews-.

Noun

los (plural loses)

1. Obsolete form of loss.
   • 1673, [Joseph Hill], The Interest Of theſe United Provinces. Being a Defence of the Zeelanders Choice […], Middelburg: Printed by Thomas Berry, page [75]:

     If we come under France, we have not onely Spaine our enimie by Sea and Land (as we have ſhewne) but the los of our Spaniſh Trade, and the hazarding of our whole Levant Traffick: And if we rightly calculate, that amounts to no ſmall part of our Commerce.

Etymology 3

Noun

los (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of loos (“praise; fame; reputation”).

Anagrams

• LOS, LSO, sol, SOL, SLO, OSL, OLS

Achang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ləʔ (“to come”).

Pronunciation

• (Myanmar) /lɔ˧˩/
• (Lianghe) [lɑʔ⁵⁵]
• (Luxi) [la³¹]
• (Xiandao) [lɔ⁵⁵]

Verb

los

1. to come

Further reading

• Inglis, Douglas; Sampu, Nasaw; Jaseng, Wilai; Jana, Thocha (2005), A preliminary Ngochang–Kachin–English Lexicon‎^[3], Payap University, page 74

Afrikaans

Etymology

Inherited from Dutch lossen. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: los

Verb

los (present los, present participle losende, past participle gelos)

1. to leave, abandon

Adjective

los (attributive lose, comparative loser, superlative losste)

1. loose

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch los (“loose”), from Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *lus (a-stem), from Proto-Germanic *lusaz.

Adjective

los

1. loose

References

• D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998), Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎^[4], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Aragonese

Etymology

Derived from Latin illos (“those ones”).

Pronoun

los

1. them (masculine direct object)

Synonyms

• es

Asturian

Alternative forms

• llos (archaic)

Etymology

Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los m pl (masculine sg el, feminine sg la, neuter sg lo, feminine plural les)

1. (definite) the

Bavarian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle High German and Old High German lōs. Compare German los, English loose.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːs/
• Rhymes: -oːs

Adverb

los (only used in combination with a verb)

1. rid of, free of

   I bin mei Verkäitung los. ― I've gotten rid of my cold.

2. off, out, used to indicate leaving motion.

   Morgn fåhrn ma los. ― Tomorrow we head out.

   I muaß los. ― I have to go.

3. going on

   Då is vui los. ― There's a lot going on here.

   Wås is los? ― What's going on? / What's up? / What's wrong?

Interjection

los

1. come on!, let's go!

   Los! An d' Årwat! ― Come on! Let's get to work!

2. (motor racing) Go!

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Central) IPA^(key): /lus/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /los/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin illōs; cf. els.

Pronoun

los (enclitic, contracted 'ls, proclitic els)

1. them (masculine, direct or indirect object)

   perdoneu-los ― forgive them

   doneu-los una moneda ― give them a coin

2. them (feminine, indirect object only)

   digueu-los la veritat ― tell them the truth

Usage notes

• -los is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

		strong/subject	weak (direct object)	weak (indirect object)	possessive
proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
f	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural.   ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition.   ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.

Article

los m pl

1. masculine plural of lo

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlos]
• Rhymes: -os
• Hyphenation: los

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь. Cognate with English elk, German Elch.

Noun

los m anim

1. elk (British), moose (U.S.)

Declension

Declension of los (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	los	losi, losové
genitive	losa	losů
dative	losovi, losu	losům
accusative	losa	losy
vocative	lose	losi, losové
locative	losovi, losu	losech
instrumental	losem	losy

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Los, from Middle High German lōz, from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut, from Proto-Germanic *hlautaz, ablaut variant of *hlutą.

Noun

los m inan

1. lottery ticket

Declension

Declension of los (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	los	losy
genitive	losu	losů
dative	losu	losům
accusative	los	losy
vocative	lose	losy
locative	lose, losu	losech
instrumental	losem	losy

Further reading

• “los”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “los”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology 1

From Dutch los. Related to native løs.

Adjective

los

1. loose

Etymology 2

Derived from Middle Low German los, from Old Saxon lohs, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs.

Noun

los c (singular definite lossen, plural indefinite losser)

1. lynx

Inflection

Declension of los

common gender	singular	plural
indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	los	lossen	losser	losserne
genitive	los'	lossens	lossers	lossernes

Etymology 3

Deverbal from losse, itself from Low German lossen, from Middle Low German lossen, from the adjective los (“loose”) and thus related to Etymology 1 above.

Noun

los n (singular definite losset, plural indefinite los)

1. to unload something
2. kick

Inflection

Declension of los

neuter gender	singular	plural
indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	los	losset	los	lossene
genitive	los'	lossets	los'	lossenes

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Hyphenation: los

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *lus (a-stem), from Proto-Germanic *lusaz, related to *lausaz.

Cognate with Ripuarian Central Franconian loss, Luxembourgish lass, lues. Related with Dutch loos, the cognate of German los, lose, English loose.

Adjective

los (comparative losser, superlative meest los or lost)

1. loose

   De losse kleding zat comfortabel. ― The loose clothing was comfortable.

   Zorg ervoor dat de schroeven goed vastzitten en niet los zijn. ― Make sure the screws are tightly fastened and not loose.

2. separate, individual

   Dit product is niet bestemd voor losse verkoop. ― This product is not intended to be sold individually.

Declension

Declension of los
uninflected	los
inflected	losse
comparative	losser
	positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial	los	losser	het lost het loste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	losse	lossere	loste
n. sing.	los	losser	loste
plural	losse	lossere	loste
definite	losse	lossere	loste
partitive	los	lossers	—

Derived terms

• losjes
• loslaten
• losmaken
• losse handen hebben
• lossen
• van God los

Descendants

• Berbice Creole Dutch: losi
• → Ambonese Malay: los
• → Manado Malay: los
• → Papiamentu: lòs, los

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light, to shine”) or from a substrate language. Doublet of lynx.

Cognate with Old Saxon lohs, Old High German luhs, Old English lox, from a similar Germanic form also Swedish lodjur. Cognates outside Germanic include Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx), Lithuanian lūšis, Old Church Slavonic рꙑсь (rysĭ), Old Irish lug, Old Armenian լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ).

Noun

los m (plural lossen, diminutive losje n)

1. (dated) synonym of lynx

Alternative forms

• losch (obsolete)

Derived terms

• pardellos

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

los

1. inflection of lossen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Anagrams

• sol

Franco-Provençal

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin illōs.

Alternative forms

• les

Determiner

los m pl

1. masculine plural of lo (“the”)

Pronoun

los m pl (ORB, broad)

1. them (third-person plural masculine accusative)

See also

Franco-Provençal personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	tonic1	possessive2
singular	1st person	jo	mè	min
2nd person	te	tè	tin
3rd person	masculine	il	lo / le	lui	sin
feminine	el	la	lyé
neuter	o	y	—
reflexive	—	sè
plural	1st person	nos	noutro
2nd person	vos	voutro
3rd person	masculine	ils	los / les	lor	lor
feminine	els	les	lor / lyés
reflexive	—	sè

¹ Disjunctive or object of a preposition.   ² Generally preceded by a definite article.

References

• les in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• los in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Etymology 2

Noun

los (Old Dauphinois)

1. alternative form of lèc (“lake”)

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “lacus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 5: J L, page 126

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French los, from Latin laus, probably via the nominative singular form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lo/

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

• Homophones: lods (general), lot, lots (except regionally)

Noun

los m (invariable)

1. (obsolete) praise; acclaim

   Synonym: (modern) louange

Related terms

• louer

References

• “los”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Galician

Etymology

From a mutation of os.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlos/ [ˈlʊs̺]
• Rhymes: -os
• Hyphenation: los

Pronoun

los m (accusative)

1. alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)

See also

Galician personal pronouns

number	person	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with con	non-declining
singular	first	eu	me	min	comigo	—
second	ti	te	che	ti	contigo	vostede
third	m	el	o (lo, no)	lle	el	con el	—
f	ela	a (la, na)	ela	con ela	—
plural	first	nós nosoutros m nosoutras f	nos	nós	connosco	—
second	vós vosoutros m vosoutras f	vos	vós	convosco	vostedes
third	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lles	eles	con eles	—
f	elas	as (las, nas)	elas	con elas	—
reflexive third / indefinite	—	se	si	consigo	—

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːs/ (standard)
• IPA^(key): /lɔs/ (regionally; chiefly as interjection or when meaning “going on”)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle High German and Old High German lōs. Compare English loose.

Adjective

los (strong nominative masculine singular loser, comparative loser, superlative am losesten)

1. (colloquial or dated) alternative form of lose (“loose”)

Adverb

los (only used in combination with a verb)

1. rid of, free of

   Ich bin meine Erkältung los. ― I've gotten rid of my cold.

2. off, out, used to indicate leaving motion.

   Morgen fahren wir los. ― Tomorrow we head out.

   Ich muss los. ― I have to go.

3. going on

   Hier ist einiges los. ― There's a lot going on here.

   Was ist los? ― What's going on? / What's up? / What's wrong?

4. (colloquial, regional, Westphalia, Lower Saxony) open

   Die Tür stand los. ― The door stood open.

Interjection

los

1. come on!, let's go!

   Los! An die Arbeit! ― Come on! Let's get to work!

2. (motor racing) Go!

Derived terms

• -los
• los sein
• losfahren
• losgehen
• loslassen
• loslegen
• loslösen
• losmachen
• losreißen
• loswerden

Related terms

• gelosen

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

los

1. singular imperative of losen

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈlɔs/ [ˈlɔs]
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: los

Etymology 1

Shortening from losmen (“hostel”).

Noun

los (plural los-los)

1. hostel
2. longhouse

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch loods (“pilot”).

Noun

los (plural los-los)

1. (navigation) pilot boat

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Dutch los (“loose”).

Adjective

los (comparative lebih los, superlative paling los)

1. (colloquial) loose, free

   Synonyms: lepas, bebas

Further reading

• “los”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

Pronoun

los

1. (accusative, dative) them, those

Ladino

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish los (“the; them”), from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

Article

los m pl (Hebrew spelling לוס, singular el, feminine las)

1. masculine plural of el (“the”) [ca. 1510]
   • 1991, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Djoha ke dize? Kuentos populares djudeo‐espanyoles‎^[5], כנה:

     En los kuentos djidiós Djohá es el furbo ke embrolia el no‐Djidió, komo en los kuentos árabos el Djohá árabo aparese komo el ke riushe a “azersela” al Djidió¹¹.

     In the Jewish accounts Djohá is the cunning one who confuses the gentile, as in the Arab accounts Djohá seems like he succeeds at ‘becoming’ the Jew.

Pronoun

los (Hebrew spelling לוס)

1. accusative of eyos; them [ca. 1510]
   • 1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur‎^[6], Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 12:

     Tu sos envestido i envelupado de giustidad, a ti solo apartiene la sopirioridad
     Si no ai en nozotros ovras ⁴) boenas, acodrate de noestros padres i de sus santedad.
     Siempre los tengas en tu memoria i apiada a tu comunidad

     You are dressed and enveloped with justice, only to you does superiority belong; were good deeds absent from us, remind yourself of our fathers and their holiness. You always have them in memory; rescue your people.

Low German

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Low German and Old Saxon lōs, from Proto-West Germanic *laus, cognate with Dutch los and English loose.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɔs

Adjective

los

1. (Dutch Low Saxon) open
2. loose, unbound

Manado Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch los (“loose”), from Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *lus (a-stem), from Proto-Germanic *lusaz.

Verb

los

1. to let go, to let loose

References

• Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara (2021), Kamus Dwibahasa Melayu Manado-Indonesia (in Indonesian), Manado: Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

Inherited from French loche (dialectal).

Noun

los

1. slug

References

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 653

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Inherited from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *laus (“loose, free”).

Adjective

los

1. loose, free
2. free, not encumbered
3. having lost, robbed

Inflection

Adjective

	singular	plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	indefinite	los	losse	los	losse
definite	losse	losse
accusative	indefinite	lossen	losse	los	losse
definite	losse
genitive	indefinite	los	losser	los	losser
definite	los, lossen	los, lossen
dative	lossen	losser	lossen	lossen

Descendants

• Dutch: los
• Limburgish: lósj

Further reading

• “los”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “los (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

• lose, losse

Etymology

Inherited from Old English los.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɔs/, /lɔːs/

Noun

los (uncountable)

1. loss

Descendants

• English: loss
• Scots: los, lose, lois
• Yola: lass

References

• “lō̆s, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle Scots

Alternative forms

• loz

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English losse, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with English los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

Noun

los

1. lynx

References

• “los, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Low German lots (short form of lotsman); compare with German Lotse.

Noun

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural loser, definite plural losene)

1. (nautical) a pilot (person who guides ships in and out of a harbour)

References

• “los” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural losar, definite plural losane)

1. alternative spelling of lós

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Homophones: lòs, lås

Noun

los n (definite singular loset, indefinite plural los, definite plural losa)

1. alternative spelling of lòs

Occitan

Alternative forms

• lu, li (Niçard)
• u, řu, as (País mentonasc)

Etymology

Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Article

los (singular lo, feminine la, feminine plural las)

1. the; masculine plural definite article

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laus, from Proto-Germanic *lausaz.

Adjective

lōs

1. deceitful, malicious, false
2. empty, deserted
3. loose, unstable

Inflection

Declension of lōs (a-stem)

strong declension
case	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	lōs	lōs	lōs	lōsa, lōse
accusative	lōsan, lōsen	lōsa	lōs	lōsa, lōse
genitive	lōses	lōsero	lōses	lōsero
dative	lōsin, lōsemo	lōsero	lōsin, lōsemo	lōson
weak declension
case	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	lōso	lōsa	lōsa	lōson
accusative	lōson	lōson	lōsa	lōson
genitive	lōsin	lōson	lōsin	lōsono
dative	lōsin	lōson	lōsin	lōson

Derived terms

• lōsen

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: lôos
  • Dutch: loos
    • Afrikaans: los

References

• “lōs”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *los, from Proto-Germanic *lusą (“loss”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewHs- (“to cut loose; sever; lose”). Cognate with Old Norse los (“looseness; breaking up”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /los/
• Rhymes: -os
• Hyphenation: los

Noun

los n (nominative plural los)

1. loss
2. destruction

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	los	los
accusative	los	los
genitive	loses	losa
dative	lose	losum

Derived terms

• losian

Descendants

• Middle English: los, lose, losse
  • English: loss
  • Scots: los, lose, lois
  • Yola: lass

Old French

Etymology

See the verb loer (“to laud”).

Noun

los oblique singular, m (oblique plural los, nominative singular los, nominative plural los)

1. glory; positive reputation

Descendants

• French: los

Old High German

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *laus, see also Old English lēas, Old Norse lauss.

Adjective

lōs

1. loose

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *klewH-der.?

Proto-Germanic *hleutaną

Proto-Germanic *hlautaz

Proto-West Germanic *hlaut

Old High German hlōzbor.

Old Polish los

Borrowed from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /lʲɔs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /lʲɔs/

Noun

los m inan (related adjective losowy)

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) lot (thing used for determining chances)
   • 1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^{transliteration, transcription}, 33, 54:

     Wyøczsim daycze szirsze a mnyeysim wøssze, wszitkim iakos los przipadnye (ut sors ceciderit)

     [Więcszym dajcie szyrsze a mniejszym węższe. Wszytkim jakoż los przypadnie (ut sors ceciderit)]

   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, numbers 21, 19, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

     Rozdzelili sobe odzene moie y na odzew moy pusczili loos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)

     [Rozdzielili sobie odzienie moje i na odziew moj puścili los (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)]

2. (attested in Lesser Poland) drawing lots (act of determining using lots)
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, numbers 77, 60, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

     Y wirzuczil od oblicza gich pogani, y losem rozdzelil gim zemø (sorte divisit eis terram)

     [Y wyrzucił od oblicza jich pogany, i losem rozdzielił jim ziemię (sorte divisit eis terram)]

Descendants

• Polish: los
• Silesian: los

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “los”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “los”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• Mańczak, Witold (2017), “los”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “los”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “los”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

Article

los m pl (singular el, feminine las)

1. masculine plural of el (“the”)
   • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 118v:

     Et dixieron los ſabios en el libro de las piedras que la uerde atal uirtut. que quien la engaſtonare en ſortija. la traxiere conſigo. nõ aura la enfermedat a que dizen ydropiſia.

     And in the Book of Stones the wise men claimed that the green stone possesses such virtue that he who mounts it on a ring and has it with him will not suffer from the illness they call dropsy.

Pronoun

los

1. accusative of ellos; them
   • c. 1140 to 1207, anonymous, Poem of the Cid 1263-1266:

     Mando los venir ala corth ⁊ a todos loᷤ iuntar
     Qͣndo los fallo por cuenta fizo los nonbrar
     Tres mill & ſeys çientos auie myo çid el de biuar
     Alegras le el coraçon ⁊ tornos aſonrriſar

     He ordered them to come to the court and to assemble,
     and when he found them there, he had them counted and recorded.
     My Cid of Vivar had 3600 men,
     his heart was pleased, and he began to smile.

Descendants

• Ladino: los, לוס
• Spanish: los

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *klewH-der.?

Proto-Germanic *hleutaną

Proto-Germanic *hlautaz

Proto-West Germanic *hlaut

Old High German hlōzbor.

Old Polish los

Polish los

Inherited from Old Polish los. Doublet of lotto.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɔs/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈlɔs/
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Eastern Kraków) IPA^(key): [ˈlɔs]
  • (Przemyśl) IPA^(key): [ˈlʲɔs]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: los

Noun

los m inan (related adjective losowy)

1. (uncountable) fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
2. (countable) fate (effect, consequence, outcome, or inevitable events predetermined by this cause)

   Synonym: dola

3. (countable) fate (event or a situation which is inevitable in the fullness of time; destiny)

   Synonym: przeznaczenie

4. (countable) lot (slip of paper, or less often a die or ball, used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)
   1. lottery ticket
   2. (Middle Polish) gambling

      Synonym: hazard

   3. (Middle Polish, figuratively) trick, ploy, ruse (action intended to deceive or swindle)

      Synonym: sztuczka

5. (Middle Polish) cut, inheritance, property received by lot
6. (Middle Polish) person of dialogue

Declension

Declension of los

	singular	plural
nominative	los	losy
genitive	losu	losów
dative	losowi	losom
accusative	los	losy
instrumental	losem	losami
locative	losie	losach
vocative	losie	losy

Derived terms

adjectives

• zdany na łaskę losu

adverbs

• (obsolete) losem
• na los szczęścia

nouns

• ironia losu
• los szczęścia
• ofiara losu
• pełny los
• pusty los
• uśmiech losu
• wolny los
• wybraniec losu

proverbs

• każdy jest kowalem własnego losu

verbs

• losować impf

verbs

• kusić los impf
• los zadrwił pf, los drwi impf
• pozostawić własnemu losowi pf, pozostawiać własnemu losowi impf
• wygrać los na loterii pf, wygrywać los na loterii impf
• wyzwać los pf, wyzywać los impf
• zostać na łasce losu pf, zostawać na łasce losu impf
• zostawić na pastwę losu pf, zostawiać na pastwę losu impf

Descendants

• → Belarusian: лёс (ljos)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), los is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 16 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 71 times, making it the 907th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• “los”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[7] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “los”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[8] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “los”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 764
• Jan Karłowicz (1903), “los”, in Hieronim Łopaciński, Wacław Taczanowski, editors, Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 3: L do O, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 46

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /lus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /lus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /luʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /luʃ/

Pronoun

los

1. alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Irish los, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lew- (“to divide, to split”). Cognate with Welsh llost.

Noun

los m (genitive singular lois)

1. purpose, intention
2. control
3. (obsolete) tail, end

Derived terms

• a los (“in order to”)
• air los (“for the purpose of; in search of”)
• an los (“in the intention of; bent on”)
• d' aon los (“intentional”)
• fo los (“under the control of”)
• los-leathann (“beaver”)

Etymology 2

Shortening of a los.

Conjunction

los

1. in order to

Serbo-Croatian

Američki los se odmori u kišnom polju.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian лось (losʹ), from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь. First attested in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lôs/

Noun

lȍs m anim (Cyrillic spelling ло̏с)

1. moose
2. elk

Declension

Declension of los

	singular	plural
nominative	lȍs	lȍsovi
genitive	losa	lòsōvā
dative	losu	losovima
accusative	losa	losove
vocative	lose	losovi
locative	losu	losovima
instrumental	losom	losovima

Further reading

• “los”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *klewH-der.?

Proto-Germanic *hleutaną

Proto-Germanic *hlautaz

Proto-West Germanic *hlaut

Old High German hlōzbor.

Old Polish los

Silesian los

Inherited from Old Polish los.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: los

Noun

los m inan

1. fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
2. lot (slip of paper used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)

Declension

Declension of los

	singular	plural
nominative	los	losy
genitive	losu	losōw
dative	losowi	losōm
accusative	los	losy
instrumental	losym	losami/losōma
locative	losie	losach
vocative	losie	losy

Further reading

• los in silling.org
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “los”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 93

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *olsь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lóːs/

Noun

lọ̑s m anim

1. elk, moose

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	lós
gen. sing.	lósa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lós	lósa	lósi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	lósa	lósov	lósov
dative (dajȃlnik)	lósu	lósoma	lósom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	lósa	lósa	lóse
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	lósu	lósih	lósih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lósom	lósoma	lósi

Further reading

• “los”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish los (“the; them”), from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /los/ [los]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: los

Article

los m pl (singular el, feminine las)

1. masculine plural of el (“the”)

   ¿Qué hacen los muchachos?

   What do the boys do?

   • 2025 June 20, Randi Kaye and David von Blohn, “El ICE renueva acuerdo con el centro de detención que, según la agencia, no cumplía las normas”, in CNN en Español‎^[9]:

     Después de eso, dijo, lo pusieron en confinamiento solitario. “Mi cuerpo estuvo ardiendo durante días porque los residuos del gas pimienta seguían en mi cuerpo”.

     After that, he said, he was put in solitary confinement. "My body was burning for days because the residues of the pepper spray was still in my body".

Related terms

• el m
• la f
• las f pl
• lxs

Pronoun

los

1. accusative of ellos; them
2. accusative of ustedes (when referring to more than one man); you all (formal or (Latin America) informal)
3. plural masculine or neuter pronoun

   los que no hablan

   those who do not speak

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

	Nominative	Disjunctive	Dative	Accusative	Comitative
First-person	Singular	yo	mí	me	conmigo
Plural	Masculine1	nosotros	nos	—
Feminine	nosotras
Second-person	Singular	Tuteo	tú	ti	te	contigo
Voseo	vos	—
Formal2	Masculine1	usted	le, se3	lo
Feminine	la
Plural	Familiar4	Masculine1	vosotros	os
Feminine	vosotras
Formal/general2	Masculine1	ustedes	les, se3	los
Feminine	las
Third-person	Singular	Masculine1	él	le, se3	lo
Feminine	ella	la
Neuter	ello5	lo
Plural	Masculine1	ellos	les, se3	los
Feminine	ellas	las
Reflexive	—	sí	se	consigo

1. Like other masculine words, masculine pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
2. Treated as if it were third person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
3. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g. se lo dije instead of *le lo dije).
4. Used primarily in Spain.
5. Only used in certain circumstances and rarely as a subject pronoun.

Anagrams

• sol

Swedish

Noun

los

1. indefinite genitive singular of lo

Anagrams

• Sol, sol

White Hmong

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Hmong-Mien *ləwX (“to come back”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɒ˩/

Verb

los

1. to come, return (to one's home or to a place where one resides)

   Synonym: tuaj

Derived terms

• los nag (“to rain”, literally “come rain”)

References

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979), White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[10], SEAP Publications, →ISBN.

Zazaki

Etymology

Compare Armenian լոշ (loš).

Noun

los (genitive singular losi)

1. lavash