kin

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kin"

Languages (26)

Aiklep • Afrikaans • Azerbaijani • Caolan • Czech • Dutch • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Hokkien • Hungarian • Ido • Japanese • Middle English • Navajo • Ngarrindjeri • Northern Kurdish • Nupe • Nǀuu • Potawatomi • Sapa • Turkish • Wailaki • West Frisian • Yagara • Yola

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Kinyarwanda or abbreviation of Rwanda-Rundi Ikinyarwanda.

Symbol

kin

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kinyarwanda.

English

Pronunciation

enPR: kĭn, IPA^(key): /kɪn/, [k̟ʰɪn]
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -ɪn

Etymology 1

From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”).

Cognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk kjønn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Faroese and Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).

Noun

kin (countable and uncountable, plural kins or kin)

Race; family; breed; kind.
the starfish and its kin the sea urchin
(collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred.
- c. 1620, Francis Bacon, letter of advice to Sir George Villiers
  You are of kin, and so must be a friend to their persons.
- 2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 84:
  Based on the number of teeth ammonites had—nine—it's believed that their closest living kin are octopuses.
One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively.
- 2016, Saraswati Raju, Santosh Jatrana, Women Workers in Urban India, page 280:
  Among those who derive information related to work from personal contacts, nonkins, rather than kins, constitute the most important sources even for women.
Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent.
- 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XIII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 248:
  Such sensations, however, were too near a kin to resentment to be long guiding Fanny's soliloquies.

Derived terms

Translations

relative — see relative

relatives collectively

Albanian: fis (sq)
Arabic: أَهْل m (ʔahl), أَقَارِب pl (ʔaqārib)
Gulf Arabic: اهل (ahal)
Armenian: ցեղ (hy) (cʻeġ), տոհմ (hy) (tohm), ազգուտակ (hy) (azgutak)
Old Armenian: ցեղ (cʻeł), տոհմ (tohm), զարմ (zarm)
Belarusian: радня́ (radnjá)
Bulgarian: род (bg) m (rod)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 親屬 / 亲属 (zh) (qīnshǔ), 親族 / 亲族 (zh) (qīnzú)
Dutch: verwanten (nl)
Faroese: ættarfólk n pl
Finnish: suku (fi)
French: proches m pl, parenté (fr) f
Georgian: ნათესაობა (natesaoba), მოდგმა (modgma), ჩამომავლობა (čamomavloba)
German: Verwandtschaft (de) f, Verwandte (de) pl
Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹 n (kuni)
Greek: συγγενείς (el) m pl or f pl (syngeneís), οικογένεια (el) f (oikogéneia)
Hungarian: rokonság (hu)
Icelandic: ættmenni n pl, skyldmenni n pl
Japanese: 親族 (ja) (しんぞく, shinzoku)
Kaitag: туху́м (tuꭓúm)
Korean: 친족 (ko) (chinjok)
Māori: ngare, huānga
Middle English: kynrede, kyn
Portuguese: parentes (pt), parentagem
Russian: родня́ (ru) f (rodnjá), ро́дственники m pl (ródstvenniki), ро́дичи m pl (ródiči), соро́дичи m pl (soródiči)
Scottish Gaelic: càirdeas m
Slovene: sorodstvo n
Spanish: parentaje m
Tagalog: hinlog
Turkish: akraba (tr)
Ukrainian: рідня́ f (ridnjá), ро́дичі m pl (ródyči)
ǃXóõ: tâa, ǃkxʻái

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Woiwurrung: ^{(please verify)} kerr-up-inon

Adjective

kin (not comparable)

(uncommon) Related by blood or marriage, akin. (It is more common to form sentences using the noun instead.)
It turns out my back-fence neighbor is kin to one of my co-workers.
- 1914, Zona Gale, Neighborhood Stories, page 155:
  ... and our feeling together had made us forget what-ever there'd been between us to forget about. And I ain't ever in my life felt so kin to folks. I felt kinner than I knew I was. That night, tired as I was, I walked […]
- 1925, Therese Kayser Lindsey, Blue Norther: Texas Poems, page 53:
  How serenely Earth keeps on her business! […] Yielding powers to man's hand / While he burrows in her sand, / […] How kin is she to man, who sips / Nourishment with boasting lips, / Detached, but inalienably bound /To be suckled […]
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:kin.

Translations

related by blood or marriage

Bulgarian: сроден (bg) (sroden)
Finnish: sukua oleva
French: apparenté (fr)
Icelandic: skyldur
Portuguese: aparentado (pt)
Scottish Gaelic: càirdeach
Tagalog: karugo, kadugo
Tamil: கேளிர் (ta) (kēḷir)
Turkish: akraba (tr)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Mandarin 琴 (qín), from a non-palatal dialect akin to Peking; or less likely, from Japanese 琴 (kin).

Noun

kin (plural kins)

Alternative form of qin (“Chinese string instrument”).
- 1899, Hugo Riemann, Catechism of Musical History: History of musical instruments and history of tone-systems and notation:
  Originally they had only two cither-like instruments, which had flat sound-boxes without fingerboards, over which were strung rather a large number (25) of strings of twisted silk — the kin and tsche.
- 1840, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams, The Chinese Repository, page 40:
  If a musician were going to give a lecture upon the mathematical part of his art, he would find a very elegant substitute for the monochord in the Chinese kin.

Etymology 3

Clipping of fictionkin.

Verb

kin (third-person singular simple present kins, present participle kinning, simple past and past participle kinned)

(transitive, fandom slang) To identify with; as in spiritually connect to a fictional or non-fictional being.

Noun

kin (plural kins or kin)

(fandom slang) A fictional or non-fictional being whom one spiritually connects to. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
(fandom slang, in the form (character name) kin) Someone who identifies as a certain fictional character.
Alternative form: kinnie

Etymology 4

Noun

kin (plural kins)

Alternative form of k'in.

Etymology 5

Verb

kin

Pronunciation spelling of can.
- 1959 January 5, Walt Kelly, Pogo, comic strip, →ISBN, page 4:
  [Owl:] Oh I ain't stealin' this dime... I just took it for safe-keepin'.
  [Turtle:] Ain't much you kin do with it—'cept make a phone call.

Etymology 6

Noun

kin (uncountable)

(colloquial) Clipping of kinesiology.

Aiklep

Noun

kin

leg

References

Sara Van Cott et al., A Sociolinguistic Survey of Bebeli (2013), SIL Journal of Language Survey Reports

Anagrams

-nik, Nik, ink

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kin, from Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

kin (plural kinne)

alternative form of ken

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Persian کین.

Pronunciation

Audio (Baku): (file)

Noun

kin (definite accusative kini, plural kinlər)

hidden anger, spite, malice, grudge
Synonym: ədavət

Declension

Declension of *kin*
	singular	plural
nominative	kin	kinlər
definite accusative	kini	kinləri
dative	kinə	kinlərə
locative	kində	kinlərdə
ablative	kindən	kinlərdən
definite genitive	kinin	kinlərin

Possessive forms of *kin*
	nominative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinim	kinlərim
sənin (“your”)	kinin	kinlərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	kini	kinləri
bizim (“our”)	kinimiz	kinlərimiz
sizin (“your”)	kininiz	kinləriniz
onların (“their”)	kini or kinləri	kinləri

	accusative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimi	kinlərimi
sənin (“your”)	kinini	kinlərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	kinini	kinlərini
bizim (“our”)	kinimizi	kinlərimizi
sizin (“your”)	kininizi	kinlərinizi
onların (“their”)	kinini or kinlərini	kinlərini

	dative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimə	kinlərimə
sənin (“your”)	kininə	kinlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	kininə	kinlərinə
bizim (“our”)	kinimizə	kinlərimizə
sizin (“your”)	kininizə	kinlərinizə
onların (“their”)	kininə or kinlərinə	kinlərinə

	locative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimdə	kinlərimdə
sənin (“your”)	kinində	kinlərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	kinində	kinlərində
bizim (“our”)	kinimizdə	kinlərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	kininizdə	kinlərinizdə
onların (“their”)	kinində or kinlərində	kinlərində

	ablative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimdən	kinlərimdən
sənin (“your”)	kinindən	kinlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	kinindən	kinlərindən
bizim (“our”)	kinimizdən	kinlərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	kininizdən	kinlərinizdən
onların (“their”)	kinindən or kinlərindən	kinlərindən

	genitive
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	kinimin	kinlərimin
sənin (“your”)	kininin	kinlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	kininin	kinlərinin
bizim (“our”)	kinimizin	kinlərimizin
sizin (“your”)	kininizin	kinlərinizin
onların (“their”)	kininin or kinlərinin	kinlərinin

Derived terms

kinli

Caolan

Verb

kin

to eat

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkɪn]
Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

kin

genitive plural of kino

Anagrams

nik

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɪn/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: kin
Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

kin f (plural kinnen, diminutive kinnetje n)

chin

Derived terms

Descendants

Afrikaans: kin
Negerhollands: kin
→ Papiamentu: kenchi, kinnetje, kintsje (from the diminutive)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese quem.

Pronoun

kin

who

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of kin – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤).

Hungarian

Etymology

ki +‎ -n

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkin]

Pronoun

kin

superessive singular of ki

Ido

**Ido numbers ^(edit)**
	50
← 4	5	6 →
Cardinal: kin Ordinal: kinesma Adverbial: kinfoye Multiplier: kinopla Fractional: kinima

Etymology

From French cinq, Spanish cinco, Italian cinque, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Numeral

kin

five (5)

Japanese

Romanization

kin

Rōmaji transcription of きん

Middle English

Noun

kin

alternative form of kyn (“kin”)

Navajo

Etymology

Compare Dogrib kǫ̀, Western Apache kįh.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʰɪ̀n/

Noun

kin

market, store
Kingóó déyá. ― I am going to the store.
house, cabin, building
town

Inflection

Possessives of *kin*
	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	shikin	nihikin	danihikin
2nd person	nikin	nihikin	danihikin
3rd person	bikin
4th person (3o)	yikin
4th person (3a)	hakin
Indefinite (3i)	akin

Synonyms

(town): kin shijaaʼ, kin łání, kintah

Derived terms

kįįh (“into the town”)
kinsááʼ (“ruin”)
kin haalʼa
Kin Náhálgaaí (“Capitol building”)

Ngarrindjeri

Pronoun

kin

him

Northern Kurdish

Adjective

kin (comparative kintir, superlative herî kin)

short

Synonyms

Nupe

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kí.ŋ̀/

Nǀuu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kin/

Pronoun

kin

(simple) third person plural personal pronoun; they, them
Kin ke dyaqn
They walk

Nǀuu personal pronouns
	Western dialect		Eastern dialect
	A-form	Simple	Click	A-form	Simple	Click
1st	singular	na	ng	nǀng	nya	ng	nǀng
plural	inclusive	ca	i	gǀi	ca	i	gǀi
Exclusive	sa	si	/	sa	si	/
2st	Singular	a	a	gǀa	a	a	gǀa
Plural	ba	u	gǀu	ba	u	gǀu
3st	singular		kua	ku	/	kua	ku	/
H-form	ha	ha	/	ha	ha	/
plural		kina	kin	/	kina	kin	/
H-form	hna	hn / hng	/	hna	hn / hng	/
Indefinite	ǂa	ǂi	/	ǂa	ǂi	/

Click form: The form used in the question starts with the first or second personal pronouns. It can also be used before the linker(ng).
A-form: The form used in declarative sentence.
H-form: The form often used in possessors, especially stories.

Determiner

kin

their

Synonyms

kina (a-form)

References

Shah, Sheena, and Matthias Brenzinger. Ouma Geelmeid ke kx’u ǁxaǁxa Nǀuu. Cape Town: CALDi, University of Cape Town. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17432.
Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary

Potawatomi

Etymology

From ke +‎ -en. Doublet of kiwen.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kin/

Noun

kin

Plural of ke.

Sapa

Verb

kin

to eat

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كین (kin, “a grudge, concealed desire of revenge, malice”),.^[1]^[2] from Persian كین (kin) or کینه (kine, “hatred, rancor, malevolence”).^[3] Doublet of penaltı.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈcin/, (definite accusative) /ciːˈni/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: kin

Noun

kin (definite accusative kini, plural kinler)

grudge, desire to take revenge
Synonym: garaz

Declension

Declension of kin

	singular	plural
nominative	kin	kinler
definite accusative	kini	kinleri
dative	kine	kinlere
locative	kinde	kinlerde
ablative	kinden	kinlerden
genitive	kinin	kinlerin

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	kinim	kinlerim
2nd singular	kinin	kinlerin
3rd singular	kini	kinleri
1st plural	kinimiz	kinlerimiz
2nd plural	kininiz	kinleriniz
3rd plural	kinleri	kinleri
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	kinimi	kinlerimi
2nd singular	kinini	kinlerini
3rd singular	kinini	kinlerini
1st plural	kinimizi	kinlerimizi
2nd plural	kininizi	kinlerinizi
3rd plural	kinlerini	kinlerini
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	kinime	kinlerime
2nd singular	kinine	kinlerine
3rd singular	kinine	kinlerine
1st plural	kinimize	kinlerimize
2nd plural	kininize	kinlerinize
3rd plural	kinlerine	kinlerine
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	kinimde	kinlerimde
2nd singular	kininde	kinlerinde
3rd singular	kininde	kinlerinde
1st plural	kinimizde	kinlerimizde
2nd plural	kininizde	kinlerinizde
3rd plural	kinlerinde	kinlerinde
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	kinimden	kinlerimden
2nd singular	kininden	kinlerinden
3rd singular	kininden	kinlerinden
1st plural	kinimizden	kinlerimizden
2nd plural	kininizden	kinlerinizden
3rd plural	kinlerinden	kinlerinden
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	kinimin	kinlerimin
2nd singular	kininin	kinlerinin
3rd singular	kininin	kinlerinin
1st plural	kinimizin	kinlerimizin
2nd plural	kininizin	kinlerinizin
3rd plural	kinlerinin	kinlerinin

Derived terms

References

^ Redhouse, James W. (1890), “كین”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1615
^ Kélékian, Diran (1911), “كین”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1069
^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kin”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Wailaki

Pronoun

kin

he, she, it, them

References

Begay, Kayla Rae (2017), Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page 81

West Frisian

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German kinne, kin, from Old Saxon kinni. The inherited Old Frisian form was zin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɪn/

Noun

kin n (plural kinnen, diminutive kintsje)

chin

Derived terms

ûnderkin

Verb

kin

first/third-person singular present of kinne

Yagara

Noun

kin

alternative form of ginn

References

State Library of Queensland, 2019 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES ‘WORD OF THE WEEK’: WEEK EIGHTEEN., 13 May 2019.

Yola

Noun

kin

alternative form of ken
- 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:
  Heal, griue, an kin, apaa thee, graacuse Forth,
  Health, wealth, and regard upon thee, gracious Forth,

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 49

[1] Redhouse, James W. (1890), “كین”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1615

[2] Kélékian, Diran (1911), “كین”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1069

[3] Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kin”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

[1]

[2]

[3]

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)¹	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / ∅ az / ∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / ∅ azt / ∅	–	c₁ c₂
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

See also

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Further reading

Adjective

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Verb

Noun

Etymology 4

Noun

Etymology 5

Verb

Etymology 6

Noun

Aiklep

Noun

References

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Caolan

Verb

Czech

Pronunciation

Noun

Anagrams

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

Pronoun

Hokkien

Hungarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Ido

Etymology

Numeral

Japanese

Romanization

Middle English

Noun

Navajo

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

Ngarrindjeri

Pronoun

Northern Kurdish

Adjective