kurt

See also: Kurt, kürt, Kürt, kúrt, and kűrt

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

• kurz, korz (Moselle Franconian)
• koot (Kölsch)

Etymology

From Middle High German kurz, from Old High German kurt, from Proto-West Germanic *kurt, from Latin curtus.

The word was borrowed around the time when the High German consonant shift ceased to be active, which explains the Old High German doublets kurt and kurz. The fact that within Central Franconian the t-form is northern, may imply that it has been reinforced by Low Franconian and Low German influence.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuə̯t/

Adjective

kurt (masculine kurte, feminine and plural kurte or kurt, comparative kürter, superlative et kürzte or kürtste)

1. (Ripuarian, north-western Moselle Franconian) short; not long

   Och, fröhter hätte mer us jeschammp, met su nem kurte Kleedche op de Stroß ze john!

   Oh, in my day we would have been ashamed to go outside in such a short dress!

Czech

Alternative forms

• court (obsolete)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *gʰórtos

Proto-Italic *hortosder.?

Proto-Italic *horti-

Latin cohors

Latin cōrs

Old French cortbor.

Middle English court

English courtbor.

Czech kurt

Borrowed from English court.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkurt]
• Rhymes: -urt

Noun

kurt m inan

1. court (place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, squash, badminton, volleyball and some other games)

   Synonym: dvorec

Declension

Declension of kurt (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	kurt	kurty
genitive	kurtu	kurtů
dative	kurtu	kurtům
accusative	kurt	kurty
vocative	kurte	kurty
locative	kurtu, kurtě	kurtech
instrumental	kurtem	kurty

Further reading

• “kurt”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kurt”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kurt”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Anagrams

• krut
• kutr

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kurtti, of Baltic origin. Compare Latvian kurls (“deaf”) and Lithuanian kurtus, kurčias. Possibly a cognate to Finnish kuuro.

Adjective

kurt (genitive kurdi, partitive kurti, comparative kurdim, superlative kõige kurdim)

1. deaf

Declension

Declension of kurt (ÕS type 22e/riik, t-d gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kurt	kurdid
accusative	nom.
gen.	kurdi
genitive	kurtide
partitive	kurti	kurte kurtisid
illative	kurti kurdisse	kurtidesse kurdesse
inessive	kurdis	kurtides kurdes
elative	kurdist	kurtidest kurdest
allative	kurdile	kurtidele kurdele
adessive	kurdil	kurtidel kurdel
ablative	kurdilt	kurtidelt kurdelt
translative	kurdiks	kurtideks kurdeks
terminative	kurdini	kurtideni
essive	kurdina	kurtidena
abessive	kurdita	kurtideta
comitative	kurdiga	kurtidega

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʰʏr̥t]

Noun

kurt n (genitive singular kurts, no plural)

1. chivalrous, courteous, well-mannered
2. modesty
3. (archaic) court

Declension

Declension of kurt (sg-only neuter)

	singular
indefinite	definite
nominative	kurt	kurtið
accusative	kurt	kurtið
dative	kurti	kurtinu
genitive	kurts	kurtsins

Derived terms

• með kurt og pí

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kūrt.

Noun

kurt

1. worm

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kurt”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *kur-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kēr-, *ker-, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥-, *ker- (“to cut”) (whence also cirst (“to cut, to strike”), q.v.).

Given that in ancient times fire was produced by striking (e.g., a flint against metal), it is possible that kurt uguni originally meant “to cut, strike fire.” It is also possible that the meaning of kurt was influenced by that of a homophonous Proto-Indo-European stem *ker- (“to burn, to heat”) (whence karst, q.v., and also German Herd, English hearth), which may ultimately be related to *ker- (“to cut”). Cognates include Lithuanian kùrti (“to make fire; to make, to build, to found; to create; to run”), Old Prussian kūra (“he built”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kūrt], IPA^(key): [kûrt]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

kurt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kuru, kur, kur, past kūru)

1. to light, to ignite (to make something start burning or producing heat)

   kurt uguni, ugunskuru ― to light a fire

   kurt krāsni, plīti ― to light the oven, the stove

2. to heat (to burn fuel in a stove in order to create heat in a certain room, building, etc.)

   kurt pirti ― to heat the bath, sauna

3. (figuratively) to encourage, to incite

   kurt naidu ― to light, incite hatred

Usage notes

Level intonation is the standard intonation for the term kurt (“to light, ignite”) according to Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca. Pronunciation with a broken intonation is very common, however.

Conjugation

Conjugation of kurt (1st)

	indicative (īstenības izteiksme)	imperative (pavēles izteiksme)
		present (tagadne)	past (pagātne)	future (nākotne)
1st person sg	es	kuru	kūru	kuršu	—
2nd person sg	tu	kur	kūri	kursi	kur
3rd person sg	viņš, viņa	kur	kūra	kurs	lai kur
1st person pl	mēs	kuram	kūrām	kursim	kursim
2nd person pl	jūs	kurat	kūrāt	kursiet, kursit	kuriet
3rd person pl	viņi, viņas	kur	kūra	kurs	lai kur
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme)		participles (divdabji)
present	kurot	present active 1 (adj.)	kurošs
past	esot kūris	present active 2 (adv.)	kurdams
future	kuršot	present active 3 (adv.)	kurot
imperative	lai kurot	present active 4 (obj.)	kuram
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme)	past active	kūris
present	kurtu	present passive	kurams
past	būtu kūris	past passive	kurts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme)	nominal forms
indicative	(būt) jākur	infinitive (nenoteiksme)	kurt
conjunctive 1	esot jākur	negative infinitive	nekurt
conjunctive 2	jākurot	verbal noun	kuršana

Synonyms

• dedzināt
• kurināt

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• aizkurt
• iekurt
• izkurt
• pakurt
• piekurt
• sakurt
• uzkurt

other derived terms:

• kurināt
• kurties
• kurtuve

Related terms

• iekurs
• ugunskurs

Livonian

Alternative forms

• kūrt

Etymology

Unknown. Has been compared with Estonian kurtma (“to complain”), Votic kurtta (“to complain; to languish”), but probably not related.

Verb

kurt

1. (Salaca) to stand

Usage notes

Possibly also attested in Courland Livonian (in Kettunen (1938) Livisches Wörterbuch mit grammatischer Einleitung) as kur̄t̆tə̂, but definitely obsolete in Courland Livonian if existent.

Descendants

• → Võro: (Mulgi) kurtma (“to stand”)

References

• Pajusalu, Karl & Winkler, Eberhard, Salis-livisches Wörterbuch (2009). Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia. Tallinn.
• Lauri Kettunen (1938), Livisches Wörterbuch mit grammatischer Einleitung, Helsinki, page 168

Northern Kurdish

Adjective

kurt (comparative kurttir, superlative herî kurt)

1. short

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkurt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -urt
• Syllabification: kurt
• Homophone: Kurd

Noun

kurt f

1. genitive plural of kurta

Turkish

(1) Kurt.

(2) Kurt.

Alternative forms

• gurt (dialectal, Cyprus, Uşak)

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قورت (kurt), from Proto-Turkic *kūrt. Compare Azerbaijani qurd, Kazakh құрт (qurt), Uyghur قۇرت (qurt), Old Turkic [script needed] (kurt).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuɾt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kurt

Noun

kurt (definite accusative kurdu, plural kurtlar)

1. A wolf; Canis lupus or any of several related canines resembling in appearance, especially those of the genus Canis.

   Synonyms: (dialectal, otherwise uncommon) börü, (dialectal, Güdül (Ankara), Kayseri, Kırşehir) canavar, (dialectal, Erzurum) cenevar

2. larva, maggot.

   elma kurdu ― apple maggot

3. (figurative) Someone who is very experienced about something or some place; a veteran, old hand.

Declension

Declension of kurt

singular plural nominative kurt kurtlar definite accusative kurdu kurtları dative kurda kurtlara locative kurtta kurtlarda ablative kurttan kurtlardan genitive kurdun kurtların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular kurdum kurtlarım 2nd singular kurdun kurtların 3rd singular kurdu kurtları 1st plural kurdumuz kurtlarımız 2nd plural kurdunuz kurtlarınız 3rd plural kurtları kurtları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular kurdumu kurtlarımı 2nd singular kurdunu kurtlarını 3rd singular kurdunu kurtlarını 1st plural kurdumuzu kurtlarımızı 2nd plural kurdunuzu kurtlarınızı 3rd plural kurtlarını kurtlarını dative singular plural 1st singular kurduma kurtlarıma 2nd singular kurduna kurtlarına 3rd singular kurduna kurtlarına 1st plural kurdumuza kurtlarımıza 2nd plural kurdunuza kurtlarınıza 3rd plural kurtlarına kurtlarına locative singular plural 1st singular kurdumda kurtlarımda 2nd singular kurdunda kurtlarında 3rd singular kurdunda kurtlarında 1st plural kurdumuzda kurtlarımızda 2nd plural kurdunuzda kurtlarınızda 3rd plural kurtlarında kurtlarında ablative singular plural 1st singular kurdumdan kurtlarımdan 2nd singular kurdundan kurtlarından 3rd singular kurdundan kurtlarından 1st plural kurdumuzdan kurtlarımızdan 2nd plural kurdunuzdan kurtlarınızdan 3rd plural kurtlarından kurtlarından genitive singular plural 1st singular kurdumun kurtlarımın 2nd singular kurdunun kurtlarının 3rd singular kurdunun kurtlarının 1st plural kurdumuzun kurtlarımızın 2nd plural kurdunuzun kurtlarınızın 3rd plural kurtlarının kurtlarının

Derived terms

• aç kurt aslana saldırır
• aç kurt yavrusunu yer
• ağacı kurt, insanı dert yer
• ağacın kurdu içinde olur
• ağaç kurdu
• ardında yüz köpek havlamayan kurt, kurt sayılmaz
• azan kurda kızan köpek
• bozkurt
• çoban aldı bağa gitti, kurt aldı dağa gitti
• çobansız koyunu kurt kapar
• eski kurt
• gezen kurt aç kalmaz
• götünde kurt olmak
• hangi dağda kurt öldü
• içine kurt düşmek
• işin kurdu
• keçi kurttan kurtulsa gergedan olur
• kırbaç kurdu
• kızılkurt
• kitap kurdu
• koyun güden kurdu görür
• kör kurttan bile vazgeçmemek
• kurdun adı yaman çıkmış, tilki vardır baş keser
• kurdun oğlu akıbet kurt olur
• kurt ağzı bağlamak
• kurt baklası
• kurt bilimi
• kurt dumanlı havayı sever
• kurt gibi acıkmak
• kurt kocayınca köpeğin maskarası olur
• kurt komşusunu yemez
• kurt köpeği
• kurt köyünü değiştirir, huyunu değiştirmez
• kurt kuş
• kurt kuyusu
• kurt mantarı
• kurt masalı
• kurt sineği
• kurt üzümü
• kurt yeniği
• kurtağzı
• kurtayağı
• kurtbacağı
• kurtbağrı
• kurtboğan
• kurtça
• kurtçuk
• kurtçul
• kurtkıyan
• kurtkulağı
• kurtla görüşürsen köpeği yanından ayırma
• kurtla koyun, kılıçla oyun olmaz
• kurtlanmak
• kurtlarını dökmek
• kurtlaşmak
• kurtlu
• kurtluk
• kurtpençesi
• kurtsuz
• kurttırnağı
• kurtyeniği
• odun kurdu
• sayılı koyunu kurt kapmaz
• tahta kurdu
• un kurdu
• yeleli kurt
• yıldız kurdu

Further reading

• “kurt”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “kurt”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kurt”, in Nişanyan Sözlük