This Consensus Statement provides a nomenclature framework and experimental recommendations for studying mitochondrial transfer and transplantation.

This Review provides an overview of the biology of amylin and highlights opportunities, as well as challenges, in the development of amylin-based drugs for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.

In this Review, the authors provide a detailed overview of insulin signalling and its dysfunction, highlighting new therapeutic opportunities.

Nshanian et al. investigate the differential effects of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and butyrate on chromatin remodelling and gain insight into the mechanisms that drive selective histone acylation.

In a multi-cohort longitudinal study integrating continuous glucose monitoring and circulating proteomics, cumulative age-related disease trajectories shape daily glycaemic variability and postprandial response to standardized meals.

In vivo regulation of neuronal lipid droplet formation mediates whole-body energy homeostasis in a sex-specific manner in Drosophila and mice.

This study reveals a non-canonical immunomodulatory function for the enzyme iNOS, based on the direct interaction in mitochondria with the itaconate-producing protein IRG1, which limits itaconate production in mouse and human macrophages

Previously uncharacterized cysteine-derived conjugates, including with endogenous sugar metabolites, accumulate in cancer cells with constitutive NRF2 activation and account for some of the increased cystine uptake that cannot be explained by conventional cysteine metabolism.

This study demonstrates that overexpression of irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-fed mice by increasing local IL-33 production and preserving ST2⁺ regulatory T cells in white adipose tissues.

ROS-mediated sulfenylation or ‘oxidative activation’ of p-GSK-3β can terminate glycogenesis and initiate gluconeogenesis by modulating Gys2 and FoxO1, leading to hepatic insulin resistance.

Early mechanistic hypotheses in nutrition research are frequently converted into durable dietary dogma. We argue that context-dependent biological effects are reduced to simple narratives of harm or benefit, with lasting consequences for research, policy and public understanding.

Although long-chain acyl-CoA esters are essential to virtually every aspect of lipid metabolism, their regulatory and signalling roles remain underappreciated. These molecules deserve far greater attention than they receive, because their spatially restricted formation and tightly regulated abundance endow them with potent and highly specific metabolic cues.

Incretin-based therapies have revolutionized the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. On World Obesity Day (4 March), we discuss incretin-based therapies as go-to treatments for obesity and its comorbidities, highlighting triumphs and cautionary tales.

Adjusting energy expenditure for body composition and visualizing the results are key to understanding the role of energy expenditure in human physiology and disease. Here, we outline specific analysis of covariance modelling and the design of partial residual plots optimized for analysing human energy expenditure data.

The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) class of medicines has emerged as transformative for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other diseases. On the twentieth anniversary of the approval of exenatide (Byetta), three former employees of Amylin Pharmaceuticals acknowledge the contributions of some of the individuals and the innovation responsible for delivering the first approved GLP-1RA — the forerunner to the modern blockbuster drugs.