Fig. 2: Violin plots illustrating significantly different first-trimester serum biomarkers between the GDM group and the normoglycemia control group.
From: Novel first-trimester serum biomarkers for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus
A Violin plots of ten first-trimester serum cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), IL-15, IL-18, and TNF-α, in the GDM group (n = 38) and normoglycemia control group (n = 38). B Serum levels of five first-trimester serum antibodies (total IgM, total IgG, aPS IgA, and aPS-IgG IC) in the GDM group (n = 38) and normoglycemia control group (n = 38). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. aPS anti‑phosphatidylserine, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, IC immune complex, Ig immunoglobulin, IL-1α interleukin-1α, IL-1β interleukin-1β, IL-3 interleukin-3, IL-5 interleukin-5, IL-7 interleukin-7, IL-10 interleukin-10, IL-12 (p40) interleukin-12 (p40), IL-15 interleukin-15, IL-18 interleukin-18, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor‑α.
