Gaana
Jamhuuriyadda Ghana | |
|---|---|
 Calanka
 Astaanta
| |
| Hal-ku-dheg: "Xorriyad iyo Caddaalad" | |
| Heesta qaranka: "Ilaahay ha Barakeeyo Dhulkayaga Hooyo ee Ghana" | |
 | |
| Caasimadda | Accra 05°33′18″N 00°11′33″W / 5.55500°N 0.19250°W |
| Magaalada ugu weyn | caasimadda |
| Luuqadaha rasmiga ah | Ingiriis[1][2] |
| Luqadaha ay dawladdu maalgeliso | |
| Luqadaha shaqada |
|
| Qaybaha qowmiyadaha (2021)[4] |
|
| Diinta (2021)[4] |
|
| Dadka | Reer Ghana |
| Dawladda | Midaysan jamhuuriyad madaxtooyo |
| John Dramani Mahama | |
| Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang | |
| Alban Bagbin | |
| Garsoore Paul Baffoe-Bonnie | |
| Sharci-dejinta | Baarlamaan |
| Madaxbannaanida ka timid Boqortooyada Midowday | |
| 6 Maarso 1957 | |
• Jamhuuriyad | 1 Luulyo 1960 |
| Bedka | |
• Wadarta | 240,000[5] km2 (93,000 sq mi) (80aad) |
• Biyo (%) | 4.61 (11,000 km2; 4,247 mi2) |
| Dadka | |
• Qiyaastii 2025 |  35,039,451[6] (46aad) |
• Cufnaanta | 151/km2 (391.1/sq mi) (90aad) |
| Wax soo saar (PPP) | Qiyaastii 2025 |
• Wadarta |  $314,592 bilyan[7] (67aad) |
• Qofkiiba | $8,042[7] (136aad) |
| Wax soo saar (magac ahaan) | Qiyaastii 2026 |
• Wadarta | $113,494 bilyan[7] (67aad) |
• Qofkiiba | $3,179[7] (137aad) |
| Qaybsiga (2024) | 44[8] sinnaan la'aan dhexdhexaad ah |
| Kobaca (2023) | 0.628[9] dhexdhexaad (143aad) |
| Lacagta | Cedi (GHS) |
| Saacadda | UTC±00:00 (GMT) |
| Koodhka wicitaanka | +233 |
| Koodhka ISO 3166 | GH |
| Furaha Internetka | .gh |
Ghana (/ˈɡɑːnə/ ⓘ GAH-nə), si rasmi ahna loo yihaahdo Jamhuuriyadda Ghana, waa dal ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika. Waxay ku taallaa iyadoo uu ka xigo Gacanka Guinea iyo Badweynta Atlaantigga dhanka koonfureed, waxayna xudduud la leedahay Xeebta Fool-maroodiga dhanka galbeed, Burkiina Faaso dhanka waqooyi, iyo Toogo dhanka bari.[10] Ghana waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxaddiisu tahay 239,567 km2 (92,497 sq mi), kaas oo ku fidsan deegaanno kala duwan, laga bilaabo xeebaha savannada ah ilaa kaymo kulul ee roobka. Iyadoo leh in ka badan 35 milyan oo isku dhex nool,[6] Ghana waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta saddex-iyo-tobnaad ee waddamada ugu dadka badan Afrika, waana dalka labaad ee ugu dadka badan Galbeedka Afrika. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu dadka badan waa Accra.[11]
Boqortooyadii ugu horreysay ee ka soo ifbaxday Ghana waxay ahaayeen Bonoman ee dhanka koonfureed iyo Boqortooyada Dagbon ee dhanka waqooyi, iyadoo Bonoman ay ka jirtay aaggaas intii lagu guda jiray qarnigii 11-aad.[12] Boqortooyadii Asante iyo boqortooyooyin kale oo ay lahaayeen Akan oo ku yaal koonfurta ayaa soo baxay qarniyadii xigay.[13] Laga bilaabo qarnigii 15-aad, Boqortooyadii Boortaqiiska, oo ay ku xigeen quwado kale oo Yurub ah, ayaa ku tartamay aaggaas si ay u helaan xuquuqda ganacsiga, ilaa markii dambe Ingiriisku uu si buuxda u hantay maamulka xeebta qarnigii 19-aad. Ka dib in ka badan qarni ay jirtay iska caabin gumeysi, xudduudaha dambe ee dalka ayaa qaab qaatay, kuwaas oo isku daray afar dhul oo gumeysi oo Ingiriis ah oo kala duwan: Xeebta Dahabka, Ashanti, Dhulalka Waqooyi, iyo Togoland-ta Ingiriiska. Kuwan waxaa loo mideeyay sidii xukun-hoosaad madaxbannaan oo ka tirsan Barwaaqo-sooranka. 6-dii Maarso 1957, Ghana waxay noqotay gumeysikii ugu horreeyay ee ku yaal Afrika ka koonfureed Sahara ee qaata madaxbannaanida buuxda.[14][15][16] Markay ahayd xukunkii Madaxweyne Kwame Nkrumah, waxay saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dadaallada ka reebista gumeysiga iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa Pan-Africanism-ka.[17][18]
Ghana waa dal qowmiyado badan leh oo ka kooban kooxaha luqadaha iyo diimaha kala duwan;[19] in kasta oo Akan ay yihiin kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn, haddana waxay ka dhigan yihiin aqlabiyadda qaraabada ah. Inta badan reer Ghana waa Masiixiyiin (71.3%); ku dhowaad shantii meelood meelna waa Muslimiin; meel tobnaadna waxay ku dhaqmaan diimaha dhaqanka ama waxay sheegaan inay diin la'aan yihiin.[4] Ghana waa dimuqraadiyad dastuuri ah oo midaysan oo uu hoggaamiyo madaxweyne kaas oo ah madaxa qaranka iyo madaxa xukuumadda.[20] Xagga xasiloonida siyaasadeed ee Afrika, waxay gashay kaalinta toddobaad ee 2022 Tusmada Ibrahim ee Maamulka Afrika iyo kaalinta shanaad ee 2024 Tusmada Dawladaha Nugul.[17][21] Ghana waa xubin aasaasi ah oo ka tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhex-dhexaadka ah iyo Midowga Afrika, waana xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay, Aagga Nabadda iyo Iskaashiga ee Koonfurta Atlaantigga, Beesha Dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika, Kooxda 24 iyo Barwaaqo-sooranka.[22]
Asalka magaca
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Boqortooyadii Ghana
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Magaca Ghana wuxuu ka yimid Wagadu, oo ahayd boqortooyo ku taal galbeedka Afrika qarniyadii 3-aad ilaa 12-aad; Wagadu waxaa loogu yeeri jiray Ghana ganacsatadii Carabta ahaa ee ku lug lahaa ganacsiga dhex-mara Saxaraha. Sidoo kale Ghana waxaa loo maleynayaa inay ka timid magaca ciwaanka ah Kaya Maghan ee madaxdii Wagadu, kaas oo u turjumaya hoggaamiyaha dahabka.[23]
Ku dhex-galka aqoonta gumeysiga ka hor
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Isku daygii ugu horreeyay ee lagu xiriirinayo dadka ku nool Xeebta Dahabka iyo Ghana-dii hore waxaa sameeyay Rev. J. B. Anaman qiyaastii bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad. Anaman wuxuu adeegsaday fasiraaddii D. W. Cooley ee qarnigii 19-aad ee ku saabsanayd ilaha juqraafi ee Carabta si uu ugu doodo xiriir taariikhi ah, isagoo soo jeediyay asal kale oo magaca ku xiriirinaya Wangara. [24] Lady Flora Shaw ayaa markii dambe isku dubaridday qoraallada Carabta iyo kuwa Yurub labadaba si ay u abuurto sheekooyin faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan boqortooyada. Waxay u soo bandhigtay sidii quwad weyn oo Afrikaan ah oo la barbar dhigi karo dawladihii reer Galbeedka Yurub ee xilligaas jiray.[25]
Sida uu sheegay Jack Goody, aragtida ah in Akan ay ka soo jeedaan Boqortooyadii Ghana ee xilliyadii dhexe waxaa si joogto ah u horumarinayay baridda Rev. W. T. Balmer intii dhexaysay 1907 iyo 1911, kaas oo ardayda baray in Akan ay ka soo guureen boqortooyadii hore ee ku tiil agagaarka Webiga Niger ee Sare.[26] Goody wuxieu sheegay in mala-awaalka Balmer uu ka maqnaa caddaymo luqadeed iyo kuwo taariikhi ah, haddana waxa uu markii dambe saameyn ku yeeshay dadkii aqoonyahanka ahaa iyo aqoon-yahannadii wadaniyiinta ahaa.[27]
Mala-awaalku wuxuu helay caannimo weyn markii lagu soo bandhigay hay'adaha waxbarashada, gaar ahaan Achimota, intii lagu jiray 1920-yadii halkaas oo uu markii dambe ku faafay dugsiyada kale.[28] Aragtida waxaa dhowr jeer lagu baahiyay qoraallada aqooneed ee J. B. Danquah; wuxuu adeegsaday tarjumaado Carabi iyo Faransiis ah si uu u sheego in Akan ay ka soo guureen gobolka Upper Niger. Danquah wuxuu soo jeediyay in ereyga Ghana uu ahaa khalkhal ku yimid Akane ama Akana wuxuuna la xiriiriyay gobolkii hore ee Akkad.[29] Eva L. R. Meyerowitz ayaa sii ballaarisay hadalkan iyada oo u maraysa qoraallo xiriir ah oo doonayay in dib loo dhiso taariikhdii hore. Waxay sheegtay in asalka iyo dhaqanka Akan ay ka yimaadeen aagagga ku yaal Saxaraha iyo Bariga Dhaxe, waxayna ku doodday in dhaqanka Akan uusan ahayn mid inta badan madowga Afrika ah, laakiin beddelkeeda loo tixgelin karo Liibiya-Berber ama ku xiran dhaqamada Badda Dhexe ama Bariga Dhow.[30]
Ogolaanshaha qaranka iyo macnaha astaanta ah
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Markay ahayd muddadii horseedday madaxbannaanida, magaca "Ghana" waa la aqbalay waxaana loo qaatay sidii astaan sharaf leh oo gumeysiga ka hor ah, midnimo dhaqameed, iyo sharciyad qaran.[23]
Tixraacyo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ "Language and Religion". Ghana Embassy. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
English is the official language of Ghana and is universally used in schools in addition to nine other local languages. The most widely spoken local languages are Twi, Dagbani, Ga and Ewe .
- ↑ "Ghana – 2010 Population and Housing Census | Summary Report of Final Results" (PDF). Government of Ghana. May 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- 1 2 "Immigration into Ghana Since 1990" (PDF). Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Legon. 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 "2021 PHC General Report Vol 3C, Background Characteristics" (PDF). Ghana Statistical Service. November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-27.
- ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Ghana)". IMF.org. Sanduuqa Lacagta Caalamiga ah. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- 1 2 "Ghana Population (2025)" (in Ingiriisi). Archived from the original on 17 January 2026. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 "World Economic Outlook: Ghana: Datasets" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
- ↑ "Ghana: gini index 2014–2029". statista.com. Statista. Archived from the original on 15 November 2025. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) (in Ingiriisi). Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
- ↑ "About Ghana – Ministry Of Foreign Affairs" (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Retrieved 2026-06-04.
- ↑ Ed (2024-08-13). "16 Regions in Ghana". Fact Check Ghana (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2026-03-28.
- ↑ Danver, Steven L (10 March 2015). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-317-46400-6. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ↑ "Asante Kingdom". Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden. 15 June 2002. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ↑ Template:Cite video
- ↑ "First For Sub-Saharan Africa". BBC. Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
- ↑ "Exploring Africa – Decolonization". Exploring Africa – Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
- 1 2 Ateku, Abdul-Jalilu (March 7, 2017). "Ghana is 60: An African success story with tough challenges ahead". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
- ↑ Ghanaweb (2024-03-13). "Sankofa Series: A history of Ghana's 4 republics". GhanaWeb. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ↑ "2020 Population Projection by Sex, 2010–2020". Ghana Statistical Service. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ↑ "Ghana". CIA World FactBook. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- ↑ "Ghana's Economy Expected to Recover Its Potential By 2025, says World Bank Report". World Bank (Press release) (in Ingiriisi). 19 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ↑ "Ghana-US relations". Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka. 11 February 2013. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- 1 2 Gestrich, Nikolas (2019). "Ghana Empire". Oxford Research Encyclopedias: African history. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.396. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4.
- ↑ Kimble 1963, pp. xvi–xvii.
- ↑ Kimble 1963, p. xvi.
- ↑ Goody 1968, pp. 461–462.
- ↑ Goody 1968, pp. 462–463.
- ↑ Kimble 1963, p. xvii.
- ↑ Goody 1968, p. 468.
- ↑ Goody 1968, pp. 468–470.
