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Non-denominational Muslim

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A non-denominational Muslim (Arabic: مُسْلِمُونَ بِلَا طَائِفَةٍ, romanized: Muslimūn bi-la ṭā’ifa) is a Muslim who does not belong to, does not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches.[1] Such Muslims do not think of themselves as belonging to a sect or denomination but rather as "just Muslims" or "non-denominational Muslims."[2] Muslims who do not adhere to a sect are also known as "non-sectarian Muslims".[3]

Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun, known for his attempts to end sectarian rivalry in Islam[4][5][6]

In Lithuania, non-denominational Muslims fall into the category of "non-traditional religious communities" and are formally separated by law from Sunnis.[7]

Beliefs

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Non-sectarian Muslims often cite Qur'anic verses to support their stance, including 3:103: "And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. And remember the favor of Allah upon you - when you were enemies and He brought your hearts together and you became, by His favor, brothers. And you were on the edge of a pit of the Fire, and He saved you from it."[8]

Critics of non-denominational Muslims argue they misinterpret the Qur'anic injunction against division, neglect the broader Islamic teachings and hadith, and disregard Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).[9]

Unlike Sunnis, Shias, Ibadis, and Ahmadis, non-denominational Muslims are not affiliated with any madhhab (school of thought).[10][11][12][13]

Some Muslims who oppose sectarian divisions also reject hadith, believing hadith contribute to sectarianism.[14][15][16]

Around the world

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Most people in the Middle East identify as either Sunni or Shia; many Muslims, however, identify as non-denominational.[17]

According to a 2012 study by the Pew Research Center, Muslims who do not identify with a sect and identify as "just Muslim" are found primarily in Central Asia.[18] They make up a majority of Muslims in eight countries (Kazakhstan (74%), Albania (65%), Kyrgyzstan (64%), Kosovo (58%), Indonesia (56%), Mali (55%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (54%), Uzbekistan (54%) and a plurality in four countries (Azerbaijan (45%), Russia (45%), Nigeria (42%), and Cameroon (40%)).[18] According to World Atlas, 30% of Moroccans are non-denominational Muslims, and two thirds belong to the Sunni denomination.[19] Southeast Europe also has a large number of Muslims who do not identify with a sect.[18]

Based on calculations using country-level data from Pew, about 230–285 million Muslims worldwide (around 12–15% of all Muslims) can be described as non-denominational or "Just Muslim," which means this group is slightly larger than the global Shia population (about 10–13%) but much smaller than the Sunni population (about 85–90%).[18]

Notable individuals

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Notable Muslim figures who have espoused an anti-sectarian stance include the following:

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Benakis, Theodoros (13 January 2014). "Islamophoobia in Europe!". New Europe. Brussels. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  2. ↑ Thompson, Katrina Daly (11 April 2023). Muslims on the Margins: Creating Queer Religious Community in North America. NYU Press. ISBN 9781479814367.
  3. ↑ Clarke, Peter (June 2002). The World's Religions: Islam. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-93195-8.
  4. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Mamun#:~:text=al%2DMaʾmūn%20(born%20786%2C,subjects%20a%20rationalist%20Muslim%20creed.
  5. ↑ https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/al-mamun
  6. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FBlfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=Al-Mamun+was+a+rationalist+who+aimed+to+end+sectarianism+within+Islam&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8qaaB7o-TAxX_WEEAHZLpJukQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  7. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BHxTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA111&dq=In+Lithuania,+non-denominational+Muslims+fall+into+the+category+of+“non-traditional+religious+communities”&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGjayyxZiIAxXlzgIHHYZRICwQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  8. ↑ https://whiteminaret.org/deviants/why-you-cant-be-a-no-sect-muslim/
  9. ↑ https://whiteminaret.org/deviants/why-you-cant-be-a-no-sect-muslim/
  10. ↑ Tan, Charlene (2014). Reforms in Islamic Education: International Perspectives. ISBN 9781441146175. This is due to the historical, sociological, cultural, rational and non-denominational (non-madhhabi) approaches to Islam employed at IAINs, STAINs, and UINs, as opposed to the theological, normative and denominational approaches that were common in Islamic educational institutions in the past
  11. ↑ Rane, Halim, Jacqui Ewart, and John Martinkus. "Islam and the Muslim World." Media Framing of the Muslim World. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. 15-28
  12. ↑ Obydenkova, Anastassia V. "Religious pluralism in Russia." Politics of religion and nationalism: Federalism, consociationalism and secession, Routledge (2014): 36-49
  13. ↑ https://whiteminaret.org/deviants/why-you-cant-be-a-no-sect-muslim/
  14. ↑ Rippin, Andrew (2 September 2003). Muslims – Vol 2: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices Volume 2: The Contemporary Period. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-94895-6.
  15. 1 2 Ahmad, Kassim. "Hadith: A Re-evaluation", 1986. English translation 1997
  16. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8eSKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT204&dq=Dr.+Hargey+rejects+the+Hadith&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNwr6SwJSTAxXiQEEAHRxjPS4Q6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  17. ↑ Seyfi, Siamak; Michael Hall, C. (28 September 2020). Cultural and Heritage Tourism in the Middle East and North Africa: Complexities, Management and Practices. Routledge. ISBN 9781000177169.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  19. ↑ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-in-morocco.html
  20. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Mamun#:~:text=al%2DMaʾmūn%20(born%20786%2C,subjects%20a%20rationalist%20Muslim%20creed.
  21. ↑ http://www.dawn.com/news/1035023
  22. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=deNfpU7HUJMC&pg=PA24&dq=The+non-sectarian+tone+of+the+poems+of+Hafiz+struck+Debendra-+nath&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7rNPRkdSHAxVizAIHHXVWKfUQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  23. 1 2 3 4 Jones, Justin (24 October 2011). Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, Community and Sectarianism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9781139501231.
  24. ↑ Cughtai, Muhammad Ikram (2005). Jamāl Al-Dīn Al-Afghāni: An Apostle of Islamic Resurgence. p. 454. Condemning the historically prevailing trend of blindly imitating religious leaders, al-Afghani refused to identity himself with a specific sect or imam by insisting that he was just a Muslim and a scholar with his own interpretation of Islam.
  25. ↑ Hosen, Nadirsyah; Salem, Ahmed Ali; Rashid, Samory; Reda, Nevin. "American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:2".
  26. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mJrEMImPkMYC&pg=PA78&dq=Kassim+Ahmad:+Hadiths+are+“sectarian,+anti-science,+anti-reason+and+anti-women”&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNmaW4oP2IAxW8ZkEAHcMbB2oQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  27. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-dM4hPlxMw8C&pg=PA98&dq=Abduh+held+that+the+extreme+fervour+of+sects+was+responsible+for+the+divide+of+Muslims&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuycPk5dmHAxVgVkEAHWLHM5IQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  28. ↑ Ahmed, Khaled. "Was Jinnah a Shia or a Sunni?". The Friday Times. Archived from the original on 17 November 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  29. ↑ Junid, Sanusi (2002). "Iqbal and Muslim Unity". Intellectual Discourse. 10 (2, 115–124). International Islamic University Malaysia: 116. Iqbal's vision was Ummatic and hence he should be referred to as "the poet philosopher of Muslim unity."
  30. ↑ Junid, Sanusi (2002). "Iqbal and Muslim Unity". Intellectual Discourse. 10 (2, 115–124). International Islamic University Malaysia: 120. Iqbal was no longer writing for Indian Muslims alone but for his coreligionists scattered all over the world. He had switched from Urdu to Persian to make his message available to the largest number of the adherents of Islam.
  31. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3gRqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT244&dq=especially+around+the+Arab+movement+and+the+Arab+government+under+Faisal.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy9Lvg78eHAxUaV0EAHcbtKJEQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  32. ↑ https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2014/02/11/man-of-the-moment
  33. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_t_AAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA480&dq=Faisal+was+angry+with+him,+for+as+the+King+was+trying+to+save+Iraq+from+the+poison+of+sectarianism&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4iaS278eHAxWdVkEAHWawAwoQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  34. ↑ "The aim and objective of the Tolu-e-Islam". Tolu-e-Islam. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  35. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rqpQEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT7&dq=Words+of+a+Leader+Sheikh+Zayed+Bin+Sultan+Al+Nahyan+Father+-+against+sectarianism,+factionalism%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvzNSkxtCHAxWLV0EAHZCZHyIQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  36. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Rnb3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA171&dq=King+Abdullah+acts+to+stem+rising+tide+of+regional+sectarianism&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFjvm14c-HAxVEU0EAHWjTBvYQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  37. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9nlrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43&dq=sectarianism+Mohammed+bin+Zayed+Al+Nahyan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0_4CR34WLAxXeU0EAHdwmBxQQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  38. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9nlrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&dq=Mohammed+bin+Zayed+Al+Nahyan+never+hesitates+to+make+firm+decisions+when+it+comes+to+matters+of+the+United+Arab+...+sectarian+strife+sparked+by&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiO1MXy4YWLAxXMV0EAHZO2BwoQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  39. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vZxvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=The+ruler+of+Jordan+is+King+Abdullah+II+and+the+monarch+of+Morocco+is+Muhammad+VI.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiiiK27y9CHAxX3Q0EAHfpHAaIQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
  40. ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vZxvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=The+ruler+of+Jordan+is+King+Abdullah+II+and+the+monarch+of+Morocco+is+Muhammad+VI.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiiiK27y9CHAxX3Q0EAHfpHAaIQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
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