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Recode a DNA sequence to match a target amino‑acid sequence with the minimal number of nucleotide changes, preserving the reading frame. Includes a CLI and Python API.

Features

• Minimal-change recoding per codon using Hamming distance
• Tie-break strategies (wobble position, preferred codon)
• Detailed per-codon change report
• Strict input validation and clear errors

Install

• Local: pip install -e .

CLI Usage

• Basic: codon-recoder --dna ATGGCCGCT --aa MAA
• With report: codon-recoder --dna dna.txt --aa aa.txt --report report.tsv
• Options:
  • --dna or --dna-file for input DNA (A/T/G/C, length multiple of 3)
  • --aa or --aa-file for target AA (use _ for stop)
  • --tie-break {wobble,freq} select tie-break strategy (default: wobble)
  • --report output path (TSV or JSON by extension)
  • --quiet suppress per-codon summary

Python API

from codon_recode import recode_by_aa_min_changes, dna2aa

new_dna, report = recode_by_aa_min_changes(
    mut_aa="MKT_",
    dna="ATGAAAACGAAA",
    tie_break="wobble",
)
print(new_dna)
print(dna2aa(new_dna))

Notes

• Uses the standard genetic code. Stop is _ (CLI also accepts *).
• Forbid internal stop by default. Enable explicit stop only if desired.
• Does not perform organism-specific codon optimization; uses a fixed preferred-codon map on ties.

Input formats

• Plain sequences or FASTA files are accepted for both DNA and AA inputs.
• Whitespace and line breaks are ignored. FASTA headers (> lines) are stripped.
• The AA length must equal the DNA codon count (len(dna) / 3).

Development

• Run tests: pytest -q
  • In restricted environments: PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 PYTHONPATH=src pytest -q --capture=no -p no:cacheprovider

Project

• License: MIT (see LICENSE)
• Contributing guide: see CONTRIBUTING.md

Examples

• Case 1 — Identity (no change required)

  • Command: codon-recoder --dna ATGAAAACG --aa MKT
  • Output:
    • new DNA: ATGAAAACG
    • AA(before): MKT
    • AA(after): MKT
    • Codons changed: 0 / 3; Nucleotide changes: 0

• Case 2 — Single amino-acid change with wobble tie (K→N)

  • Command: codon-recoder --dna ATGAAAACG --aa MNT
  • Output:
    • new DNA: ATGAACACG
    • AA(before): MKT
    • AA(after): MNT
    • Codons changed: 1 / 3; Nucleotide changes: 1

• Case 3 — Non‑wobble minimal change (A→P; change at first position)

  • Command: codon-recoder --dna GCT --aa P
  • Output:
    • new DNA: CCT
    • AA(before): A
    • AA(after): P
    • Codons changed: 1 / 1; Nucleotide changes: 1

• Case 4 — Accept * as stop

  • Command: codon-recoder --dna ATGTAA --aa M*
  • Output:
    • new DNA: ATGTAA
    • AA(before): M_
    • AA(after): M_
    • Codons changed: 0 / 2; Nucleotide changes: 0

• Case 5 — Internal stop forbidden (error) and allowed with flag

  • Error: codon-recoder --dna ATGAAAACG --aa M*T
    • Raises: ValueError: Internal stop codon in mut_aa is forbidden
  • Allowed: codon-recoder --dna ATGAAAACG --aa M*T --allow-internal-stop
    • new DNA: ATGTAAACG
    • AA(before): MKT
    • AA(after): M_T
    • Codons changed: 1 / 3; Nucleotide changes: 1

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