This is a repro of the abort seen in the following issue: getsentry/sentry-java#2604. It is based on a basic Android Studio app template. The only things that changed were the following:

• text content and size of the centered TextView, which is clickable to trigger the repro.
• the MainActivity starts the Android method tracer onCreate in background sampling mode (using the same parameters as the Android SDK).
• an OnClickListener calling the native code that triggers the abort.

• The JNI function starts a native thread (appending it to the pthread thread list)

• the native thread attaches to the ART (appending it to the ART thread list)

• but exits before detaching (-> the thread remains in the ART thread list)

• the JNI function joins that thread ( removing it from the pthread thread list)

  invalid_pthread_repro/app/src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp

  Lines 10 to 35 in 0a1679f

  	JavaVM *parent_vm = nullptr;
  	env->GetJavaVM(&parent_vm);
  	// create a single thread that attaches, but never detaches.
  	auto t = std::thread([=] {
  	JNIEnv *child_env = nullptr;
  	parent_vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void **>(&child_env), JNI_VERSION_1_6);
  	JavaVMAttachArgs args;
  	args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_6;
  	args.name = "non_detaching_thread";
  	args.group = nullptr;
  	// this adds the thread to the runtime thread-list, that
  	// the tracer uses to sample all running runtime threads
  	parent_vm->AttachCurrentThread(&child_env, &args);
  	#if IGNORED
  	parent_vm->DetachCurrentThread();
  	#endif
  	});
  	// Join so that bionic removes this thread from the pthread thread-list. After join completion
  	// the thread will still be in the runtime thread-list, leading tracer to sample a thread that
  	// has no pthread equivalent. A `pthread_exit()` before Detach will achieve the same thing.
  	t.join();

• Calling pthread_exit() or pthread_join() before an attached thread could be detached is illegal.
• But that doesn't necessarily mean that it will fail at that point.
• Since the two thread lists are now out of sync, the ART method tracer will retrieve a thread from the ART thread list that is no longer maintained in pthread state
• The first function requiring a look-up in the tracer sampling path seems to be pthread_getcpuclockid() [1], which aborts with a fatal log if the provided pthread_t cannot be found [2].

[1] https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/main/+/main:bionic/libc/bionic/pthread_getcpuclockid.cpp;l=36

[2] https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/main/+/main:bionic/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.cpp;l=119-130