python · corona10 · Feb 17, 2026 · Feb 17, 2026 · Feb 17, 2026 · Feb 17, 2026
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-02-17-22-27-11.gh-issue-141510.-4yYsf.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-02-17-22-27-11.gh-issue-141510.-4yYsf.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Optimize :meth:`!frozendict.fromkeys` to avoid unnecessary thread-safety operations
+in frozendict cases. Patch by Donghee Na.
@@ -2671,10 +2671,8 @@ _PyDict_LoadBuiltinsFromGlobals(PyObject *globals)

 /* Consumes references to key and value */
 static int
-setitem_take2_lock_held(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
+anydict_setitem_take2(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
 {
-    ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(mp);
-
    assert(key);
    assert(value);
    assert(PyAnyDict_Check(mp));
@@ -2693,6 +2691,14 @@ setitem_take2_lock_held(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
    return insertdict(mp, key, hash, value);
 }

+/* Consumes references to key and value */
+static int
+setitem_take2_lock_held(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
+{
+    ASSERT_DICT_LOCKED(mp);
+    return anydict_setitem_take2(mp, key, value);
+}
+
 int
 _PyDict_SetItem_Take2(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
 {
@@ -3284,15 +3290,23 @@ _PyDict_FromKeys(PyObject *cls, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value)
        return NULL;


-    if (PyAnyDict_CheckExact(d)) {
-        if (PyAnyDict_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+    if (PyDict_CheckExact(d)) {
+        if (PyDict_CheckExact(iterable)) {
            PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;

            Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(d, iterable);
            d = (PyObject *)dict_dict_fromkeys(mp, iterable, value);
            Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2();
            return d;
        }
+        else if (PyFrozenDict_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;
+
+            Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(d);
+            d = (PyObject *)dict_dict_fromkeys(mp, iterable, value);
+            Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+            return d;
+        }
        else if (PyAnySet_CheckExact(iterable)) {
            PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;

@@ -3302,14 +3316,37 @@ _PyDict_FromKeys(PyObject *cls, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value)
            return d;
        }
    }
+    else if (PyFrozenDict_CheckExact(d)) {
+        if (PyDict_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;
+
+            Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(iterable);
+            d = (PyObject *)dict_dict_fromkeys(mp, iterable, value);
+            Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+            return d;
+        }
+        else if (PyFrozenDict_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;
+            d = (PyObject *)dict_dict_fromkeys(mp, iterable, value);
+            return d;
+        }
+        else if (PyAnySet_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+            PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;
+
+            Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(iterable);
+            d = (PyObject *)dict_set_fromkeys(mp, iterable, value);
+            Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+            return d;
+        }
+    }

    it = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
    if (it == NULL){
        Py_DECREF(d);
        return NULL;
    }

-    if (PyAnyDict_CheckExact(d)) {
+    if (PyDict_CheckExact(d)) {
        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(d);
        while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
            status = setitem_lock_held((PyDictObject *)d, key, value);
@@ -3321,7 +3358,19 @@ _PyDict_FromKeys(PyObject *cls, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value)
        }
 dict_iter_exit:;
        Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
-    } else {
+    }
+    else if (PyFrozenDict_CheckExact(d)) {
+        while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
+            // anydict_setitem_take2 consumes a reference to key
+            status = anydict_setitem_take2((PyDictObject *)d,
+                                           key, Py_NewRef(value));
+            if (status < 0) {
+                assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+                goto Fail;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
        while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
            status = PyObject_SetItem(d, key, value);
            Py_DECREF(key);
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		Optimize :meth:`!frozendict.fromkeys` to avoid unnecessary thread-safety operations
		in frozendict cases. Patch by Donghee Na.