python · benediktjohannes · Feb 16, 2026 · Feb 16, 2026 · Feb 16, 2026 · Feb 16, 2026
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-02-16-18-23-13.gh-issue-132657.SeGcFx.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-02-16-18-23-13.gh-issue-132657.SeGcFx.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+In the free-threaded build, dictionary access hint specializations now attempt to enable deferred reference counting for resolved values owned by a different thread, reducing cross-thread reference count traffic and improving multi-threaded scalability.
+Patch by Benedikt Johannes.
diff --git a/Python/specialize.c b/Python/specialize.c
@@ -644,14 +644,26 @@ specialize_dict_access_hint(
        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_SPLIT_DICT);
        return 0;
    }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyObject *value;
+    Py_ssize_t index = _PyDict_LookupIndexAndValue(dict, name, &value);
+    if (value != NULL && PyLazyImport_CheckExact(value)) {
+        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MODULE_LAZY_VALUE);
+        return 0;
+    }
+#else
    Py_ssize_t index = _PyDict_LookupIndex(dict, name);
+#endif
    if (index != (uint16_t)index) {
        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op,
                            index == DKIX_EMPTY ?
                            SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_IN_DICT :
                            SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
        return 0;
    }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    maybe_enable_deferred_ref_count(value);
+#endif
    cache->index = (uint16_t)index;
    write_u32(cache->version, tp_version);
    specialize(instr, hint_op);
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		In the free-threaded build, dictionary access hint specializations now attempt to enable deferred reference counting for resolved values owned by a different thread, reducing cross-thread reference count traffic and improving multi-threaded scalability.
		Patch by Benedikt Johannes.