Fix #27601

Fix Linux QEMU CI workflow for cross-architecture builds

Issue:

• The Linux QEMU CI workflow was failing across multiple architectures (arm, ppc64le, s390x, riscv64) due to improper container setup and execution for cross-architecture builds as shown in figure.

Solution:

1. Added --platform flag to docker run commands to explicitly specify the target architecture.
2. Introduced a new ARCH variable in the matrix to simplify architecture specification.
3. Updated the docker run commands in the "Creates new container", "Meson Build", and "Run Tests" steps to use the --platform flag.

Maintained:

1. Retained the use of qemu-user-static for QEMU emulation setup, which is necessary for cross-architecture builds.
2. Kept the existing cache mechanism for docker containers to improve workflow efficiency.

Outcome:

• These changes ensure that the correct architecture is used throughout the workflow, allowing for successful cross compilation and testing across all target architectures.

cc @charris @andyfaff @seiko2plus @rgommers @r-devulap @Mousius