googleapis · chelsea-lin · Dec 16, 2025 · Dec 15, 2025
@@ -30,9 +30,12 @@

 @register_unary_op(ops.ArrayIndexOp, pass_op=True)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.ArrayIndexOp) -> sge.Expression:
+    if expr.dtype == dtypes.STRING_DTYPE:
+        return _string_index(expr, op)
+
    return sge.Bracket(
        this=expr.expr,
-        expressions=[sge.Literal.number(op.index)],
+        expressions=[sge.convert(op.index)],
        safe=True,
        offset=False,
    )
@@ -115,3 +118,16 @@ def _coerce_bool_to_int(typed_expr: TypedExpr) -> sge.Expression:
    if typed_expr.dtype == dtypes.BOOL_DTYPE:
        return sge.Cast(this=typed_expr.expr, to="INT64")
    return typed_expr.expr
+
+
+def _string_index(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.ArrayIndexOp) -> sge.Expression:
+    sub_str = sge.Substring(
+        this=expr.expr,
+        start=sge.convert(op.index + 1),
+        length=sge.convert(1),
+    )
+    return sge.If(
+        this=sge.NEQ(this=sub_str, expression=sge.convert("")),
+        true=sub_str,
+        false=sge.Null(),
+    )
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

 import functools
+import typing

 import sqlglot.expressions as sge

@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@

 @register_unary_op(ops.capitalize_op)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr) -> sge.Expression:
-    return sge.Initcap(this=expr.expr)
+    return sge.Initcap(this=expr.expr, expression=sge.convert(""))


 @register_unary_op(ops.StrContainsOp, pass_op=True)
@@ -44,9 +45,17 @@ def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrContainsRegexOp) -> sge.Expression:

 @register_unary_op(ops.StrExtractOp, pass_op=True)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrExtractOp) -> sge.Expression:
-    return sge.RegexpExtract(
-        this=expr.expr, expression=sge.convert(op.pat), group=sge.convert(op.n)
-    )
+    # Cannot use BigQuery's REGEXP_EXTRACT function, which only allows one
+    # capturing group.
+    pat_expr = sge.convert(op.pat)
+    if op.n != 0:
+        pat_expr = sge.func("CONCAT", sge.convert(".*?"), pat_expr, sge.convert(".*"))
+    else:
+        pat_expr = sge.func("CONCAT", sge.convert(".*?("), pat_expr, sge.convert(").*"))
+
+    rex_replace = sge.func("REGEXP_REPLACE", expr.expr, pat_expr, sge.convert(r"\1"))
+    rex_contains = sge.func("REGEXP_CONTAINS", expr.expr, sge.convert(op.pat))
+    return sge.If(this=rex_contains, true=rex_replace, false=sge.null())


 @register_unary_op(ops.StrFindOp, pass_op=True)
@@ -75,47 +84,43 @@ def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrFindOp) -> sge.Expression:

 @register_unary_op(ops.StrLstripOp, pass_op=True)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrLstripOp) -> sge.Expression:
-    return sge.Trim(this=expr.expr, expression=sge.convert(op.to_strip), side="LEFT")
+    return sge.func("LTRIM", expr.expr, sge.convert(op.to_strip))
+
+
+@register_unary_op(ops.StrRstripOp, pass_op=True)
+def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrRstripOp) -> sge.Expression:
+    return sge.func("RTRIM", expr.expr, sge.convert(op.to_strip))


 @register_unary_op(ops.StrPadOp, pass_op=True)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrPadOp) -> sge.Expression:
-    pad_length = sge.func(
-        "GREATEST", sge.Length(this=expr.expr), sge.convert(op.length)
-    )
+    expr_length = sge.Length(this=expr.expr)
+    fillchar = sge.convert(op.fillchar)
+    pad_length = sge.func("GREATEST", expr_length, sge.convert(op.length))
+
    if op.side == "left":
-        return sge.func(
-            "LPAD",
-            expr.expr,
-            pad_length,
-            sge.convert(op.fillchar),
-        )
+        return sge.func("LPAD", expr.expr, pad_length, fillchar)
    elif op.side == "right":
-        return sge.func(
-            "RPAD",
-            expr.expr,
-            pad_length,
-            sge.convert(op.fillchar),
-        )
+        return sge.func("RPAD", expr.expr, pad_length, fillchar)
    else:  # side == both
-        lpad_amount = sge.Cast(
-            this=sge.func(
-                "SAFE_DIVIDE",
-                sge.Sub(this=pad_length, expression=sge.Length(this=expr.expr)),
-                sge.convert(2),
-            ),
-            to="INT64",
-        ) + sge.Length(this=expr.expr)
+        lpad_amount = (
+            sge.Cast(
+                this=sge.Floor(
+                    this=sge.func(
+                        "SAFE_DIVIDE",
+                        sge.Sub(this=pad_length, expression=expr_length),
+                        sge.convert(2),
+                    )
+                ),
+                to="INT64",
+            )
+            + expr_length
+        )
        return sge.func(
            "RPAD",
-            sge.func(
-                "LPAD",
-                expr.expr,
-                lpad_amount,
-                sge.convert(op.fillchar),
-            ),
+            sge.func("LPAD", expr.expr, lpad_amount, fillchar),
            pad_length,
-            sge.convert(op.fillchar),
+            fillchar,
        )


@@ -224,11 +229,6 @@ def _(expr: TypedExpr) -> sge.Expression:
    return sge.func("REVERSE", expr.expr)


-@register_unary_op(ops.StrRstripOp, pass_op=True)
-def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrRstripOp) -> sge.Expression:
-    return sge.Trim(this=expr.expr, expression=sge.convert(op.to_strip), side="RIGHT")
-
-
 @register_unary_op(ops.StartsWithOp, pass_op=True)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StartsWithOp) -> sge.Expression:
    if not op.pat:
@@ -253,26 +253,78 @@ def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StringSplitOp) -> sge.Expression:

 @register_unary_op(ops.StrGetOp, pass_op=True)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrGetOp) -> sge.Expression:
-    return sge.Substring(
+    sub_str = sge.Substring(
        this=expr.expr,
        start=sge.convert(op.i + 1),
        length=sge.convert(1),
    )

+    return sge.If(
+        this=sge.NEQ(this=sub_str, expression=sge.convert("")),
+        true=sub_str,
+        false=sge.Null(),
+    )
+

 @register_unary_op(ops.StrSliceOp, pass_op=True)
 def _(expr: TypedExpr, op: ops.StrSliceOp) -> sge.Expression:
-    start = op.start + 1 if op.start is not None else None
-    if op.end is None:
-        length = None
-    elif op.start is None:
-        length = op.end
+    column_length = sge.Length(this=expr.expr)
+    if op.start is None:
+        start = 0
    else:
-        length = op.end - op.start
+        start = op.start
+
+    start_expr = sge.convert(start) if start < 0 else sge.convert(start + 1)
+    length_expr: typing.Optional[sge.Expression]
+    if op.end is None:
+        length_expr = None
+    elif op.end < 0:
+        if start < 0:
+            start_expr = sge.Greatest(
+                expressions=[
+                    sge.convert(1),
+                    column_length + sge.convert(start + 1),
+                ]
+            )
+            length_expr = sge.Greatest(
+                expressions=[
+                    sge.convert(0),
+                    column_length + sge.convert(op.end),
+                ]
+            ) - sge.Greatest(
+                expressions=[
+                    sge.convert(0),
+                    column_length + sge.convert(start),
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            length_expr = sge.Greatest(
+                expressions=[
+                    sge.convert(0),
+                    column_length + sge.convert(op.end - start),
+                ]
+            )
+    else:  # op.end >= 0
+        if start < 0:
+            start_expr = sge.Greatest(
+                expressions=[
+                    sge.convert(1),
+                    column_length + sge.convert(start + 1),
+                ]
+            )
+            length_expr = sge.convert(op.end) - sge.Greatest(
+                expressions=[
+                    sge.convert(0),
+                    column_length + sge.convert(start),
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            length_expr = sge.convert(op.end - start)
+
    return sge.Substring(
        this=expr.expr,
-        start=sge.convert(start) if start is not None else None,
-        length=sge.convert(length) if length is not None else None,
+        start=start_expr,
+        length=length_expr,
    )



@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ WITH `bfcte_0` AS (
 ), `bfcte_1` AS (
  SELECT
    *,
-    INITCAP(`string_col`) AS `bfcol_1`
+    INITCAP(`string_col`, '') AS `bfcol_1`
  FROM `bfcte_0`
 )
 SELECT

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ WITH `bfcte_0` AS (
 ), `bfcte_1` AS (
  SELECT
    *,
-    TRIM(`string_col`, ' ') AS `bfcol_1`
+    LTRIM(`string_col`, ' ') AS `bfcol_1`
  FROM `bfcte_0`
 )
 SELECT

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ WITH `bfcte_0` AS (
 ), `bfcte_1` AS (
  SELECT
    *,
-    TRIM(`string_col`, ' ') AS `bfcol_1`
+    RTRIM(`string_col`, ' ') AS `bfcol_1`
  FROM `bfcte_0`
 )
 SELECT

@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ WITH `bfcte_0` AS (
 ), `bfcte_1` AS (
  SELECT
    *,
-    REGEXP_EXTRACT(`string_col`, '([a-z]*)') AS `bfcol_1`
+    IF(
+      REGEXP_CONTAINS(`string_col`, '([a-z]*)'),
+      REGEXP_REPLACE(`string_col`, CONCAT('.*?', '([a-z]*)', '.*'), '\\1'),
+      NULL
+    ) AS `bfcol_1`
  FROM `bfcte_0`
 )
 SELECT

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ WITH `bfcte_0` AS (
 ), `bfcte_1` AS (
  SELECT
    *,
-    SUBSTRING(`string_col`, 2, 1) AS `bfcol_1`
+    IF(SUBSTRING(`string_col`, 2, 1) <> '', SUBSTRING(`string_col`, 2, 1), NULL) AS `bfcol_1`
  FROM `bfcte_0`
 )
 SELECT

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ WITH `bfcte_0` AS (
    RPAD(
      LPAD(
        `string_col`,
-        CAST(SAFE_DIVIDE(GREATEST(LENGTH(`string_col`), 10) - LENGTH(`string_col`), 2) AS INT64) + LENGTH(`string_col`),
+        CAST(FLOOR(SAFE_DIVIDE(GREATEST(LENGTH(`string_col`), 10) - LENGTH(`string_col`), 2)) AS INT64) + LENGTH(`string_col`),
        '-'
      ),
      GREATEST(LENGTH(`string_col`), 10),