🔄 DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino

This Arduino project demonstrates how to control the direction of a DC motor using two push buttons.

Press Button 1 → Motor rotates Forward

Press Button 2 → Motor rotates Reverse

No button pressed → Motor Stops

🧠 Concept

The project uses two GPIO pins to drive a motor driver (like L293D or L298N) through the Arduino. Each button sends a digital HIGH signal to decide the direction of motor rotation.

⚙️ Components Required Component Quantity Arduino UNO 1 DC Motor 1 L293D / L298N Motor Driver 1 Push Buttons 2 10kΩ Resistors (for pull-down) 2 Jumper Wires As required Breadboard 1 External Power Supply (for motor) 1 🧩 Circuit Connections Arduino Pin Connected To D5 Motor Driver IN1 (Forward) D6 Motor Driver IN2 (Reverse) D2 Button 1 D3 Button 2 5V VCC (Motor Driver + Buttons) GND Common Ground

⚡ Important: Never power the motor directly from Arduino. Use a motor driver with a separate motor power source.

🧾 Code

#define Motor_Forward 5
#define Motor_Reverse 6
#define Button1 2
#define Button2 3

void setup()
{
  pinMode(Motor_Forward,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Motor_Reverse,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Button1,INPUT);
  pinMode(Button2,INPUT);
}

unsigned char button1_state,button2_state;
void loop()
{
  button1_state = digitalRead(Button1);
  button2_state = digitalRead(Button2);

  if(button1_state == HIGH)
  {
    digitalWrite(Motor_Forward,HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Motor_Reverse,LOW);
  }
  else if(button2_state == HIGH)
  {
    digitalWrite(Motor_Forward,LOW);
    digitalWrite(Motor_Reverse,HIGH);
  }
  else
  {
    digitalWrite(Motor_Forward,LOW);
    digitalWrite(Motor_Reverse,LOW);
  }
}

🚀 How It Works

When Button 1 is pressed → Arduino sends a HIGH signal to pin 5. Motor Driver drives the motor forward.

When Button 2 is pressed → Pin 6 goes HIGH. Motor Driver reverses polarity → Motor runs backward.

When neither is pressed → Both control pins are LOW → Motor stops.