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🔥 Complete Java Roadmap A-Z 🧑‍💻☕

1️⃣ Variables & Data Types - `int`, `double`, `char`, `boolean`, `String` - `float`, `long`, `short`, `byte`
2️⃣ Operators - Arithmetic, Logical, Relational, Bitwise, Assignment, Unary, Ternary
3️⃣ Control Statements - `if`, `else`, `else if`, `switch`, `case`, `default` - `break`, `continue`, `return`
4️⃣ Loops - `for`, `while`, `do-while` - `for-each` loop (array/list iteration)
5️⃣ Classes & Objects - Class declaration - Object creation using `new` - Constructors (default & parameterized)
6️⃣ Methods - Method declaration & overloading - Return types & parameters - `static` vs instance methods
7️⃣ Access Modifiers - `public`, `private`, `protected`, default (package-private)
8️⃣ OOP Concepts - Inheritance - Polymorphism (compile-time & runtime) - Abstraction (abstract class + interface) - Encapsulation (getters/setters)
9️⃣ Arrays & Collections - Single & multi-dimensional arrays - `ArrayList`, `LinkedList`, `HashSet`, `HashMap` - Iterators & for-each loops
🔟 Exception Handling - `try`, `catch`, `finally`, `throw`, `throws` - Checked vs unchecked exceptions - Custom exceptions
1️⃣1️⃣ Strings & StringBuilder - String immutability & methods - Mutable alternatives: `StringBuilder`, `StringBuffer`
1️⃣2️⃣ Java 8+ Features - Lambda expressions - Streams API - Functional interfaces - `Optional` & method references
1️⃣3️⃣ File Handling (I/O) - `File`, `FileReader`, `FileWriter`, `BufferedReader`, `BufferedWriter` - `Scanner` - Serialization & deserialization
1️⃣4️⃣ Multithreading - `Thread` & `Runnable` - Thread lifecycle & synchronization - Executors framework
1️⃣5️⃣ Inner Classes - Static, non-static, anonymous, local inner classes
1️⃣6️⃣ Enums - Enum declaration, usage, and switch-case
1️⃣7️⃣ Generics - Generic classes & methods - Bounded types & wildcards
1️⃣8️⃣ JVM, JRE, JDK - Compilation & execution flow - Memory: Heap vs Stack - Garbage collection basics
1️⃣9️⃣ Annotations - Built-in: `@Override`, `@Deprecated`, `@SuppressWarnings` - Custom annotations
2️⃣0️⃣ Reflections API - Inspect classes, methods, fields at runtime
2️⃣1️⃣ Networking - `Socket`, `ServerSocket`, URL & HTTP connections
2️⃣2️⃣ Design Patterns - Singleton, Factory, Strategy, Observer, Builder
2️⃣3️⃣ Maven/Gradle - Build automation & dependency management - `pom.xml`, `build.gradle` basics
2️⃣4️⃣ JUnit & Testing - Unit testing, assertions, test suites
2️⃣5️⃣ Spring Framework (Bonus) - Spring Boot basics - Dependency Injection & REST APIs - Annotations & configurations

🗓️ 7-Day Java Revision Plan

📌 DAY 1 – Core Java & Collections Deep Dive

Topics:

  • OOP: Polymorphism, Abstraction, Inheritance, Encapsulation
  • equals(), hashCode(), toString(), immutability
  • Collections: ArrayList vs LinkedList, HashMap internals, HashSet, TreeSet, LinkedHashMap
  • Fail-fast vs fail-safe iterators, Comparable vs Comparator
  • Java Memory: Stack vs Heap, GC basics

Focus:

  • Understand internal mechanics of collections
  • Be able to whiteboard custom HashMap / LRU cache

Practice:

  • Implement custom LinkedList
  • Implement custom HashMap
  • Sort a list of custom objects using Comparator
📌 DAY 2 – Java 8 & Functional Programming

Topics:

  • Functional interfaces: Predicate, Function, Supplier, Consumer
  • Lambdas: syntax, chaining, performance
  • Streams API: map, filter, reduce, sorted, collect, flatMap, groupingBy, partitioningBy
  • Optional usage
  • Default & static methods in interfaces

Focus:

  • Refactor imperative code to streams
  • Understand intermediate vs terminal operations
  • Explain map() vs flatMap()

Practice:

  • Convert loops to Stream API
  • Use Optional to avoid nulls
📌 DAY 3 – Multithreading & Concurrency

Topics:

  • Thread lifecycle, Thread, Runnable, Callable, Future, Executors
  • Synchronization: synchronized, volatile, ReentrantLock
  • wait(), notify(), notifyAll()
  • Thread-safe structures: ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList
  • Deadlocks & race conditions

Focus:

  • Explain synchronization problems with examples
  • Master common concurrency problems: producer-consumer, odd/even printing, reader-writer lock

Practice:

  • Implement concurrency problems above
  • Rewrite shared counter using AtomicInteger & ReentrantLock
📌 DAY 4 – Spring & Spring Boot Essentials

Topics:

  • Spring Core: IoC, DI, Bean lifecycle, scopes
  • Spring Boot: @SpringBootApplication, @Component, @Configuration, @Bean, Profiles, Auto-configuration
  • Spring MVC: Controller → Service → Repository
  • Spring Data JPA: CrudRepository, PagingAndSortingRepository, JPQL vs Native Query, DTO mapping
  • Exception handling & validation

Focus:

  • Describe request lifecycle in Spring Boot
  • Know 20+ annotations by heart

Practice:

  • Build a CRUD module with pagination, custom queries, validation
📌 DAY 5 – System Design & Design Patterns

Topics:

  • Low-level design: Layered architecture, DTO/VO, Mapper pattern, caching
  • High-level design: Load balancer, DB sharding, rate limiter, queues (RabbitMQ/Kafka)
  • Design Patterns: Singleton, Factory, Strategy, Template, Decorator, Observer, Builder

Focus:

  • Explain project architecture
  • Master 1–2 design patterns per use-case

Practice:

  • Design Notification System, URL Shortener, or Order Management Module
📌 DAY 6 – DSA for Java Interviews

Topics:

  • Arrays & Strings (2-pointer, sliding window)
  • HashMap/Set usage
  • Stacks/Queues, Recursion, Backtracking
  • Trees & Binary Search, Sorting (merge/quick)
  • High-yield problems: LRU Cache, Longest Substring without Repeat, Kth Largest Element, Top K Frequent

Focus:

  • Solve 30 high-yield problems deeply
  • Focus on brute → optimized approach

Practice:

  • LeetCode Easy/Medium: 10–15 selective problems
  • Track: Problem | Approach | Complexity | Mistakes
📌 DAY 7 – Mock Interviews & Dry Runs

Topics:

  • Collections vs Concurrency: HashMap in multi-threading
  • Spring Boot request lifecycle
  • Custom project-based design Q&A
  • Review 2–3 tough bugs

Practice:

  • Mock interview (with ChatGPT or friend)
  • Whiteboard 1–2 system design problems
  • Prepare “Tell me about this project” walkthrough

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This repository is a comprehensive guide for learning and revising Java from core concepts.

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