SimpleVLA-RL: Open RL Framework for Vision–Language–Action Models

SimpleVLA-RL is an efficient RL framework for VLA that improves long-horizon planning under data scarcity. It leverages reinforcement learning that can substantially outperforms SFT in simulation and real-world tasks, reveals a "pushcut" new-action phenomenon, and strengthens spatial/object/goal generalization.

• [2026-01-01] Building upon $${\color{red}\textbf{SimpleVLA-RL}}$$, we have implemented $${\color{red}\textbf{real-world RL }}$$ on long-horizon dexterous tasksand witnessed a $${\color{red}\textbf{non-trivial}}$$ (~relatively 300%) performance improvement over the SFT model, along with surprising capabilities on auto-recovery. Blog coming soon.

• [2025-10-01] SimpleVLA-RL now supports RoboTwin2.0 Benchmark. Feel free to experiment with it!
• [2025-09-12] Excited to release the SimpleVLA-RL paper! Check it out: Paper.
• [2025-05-27] We release the code of SimpleVLA-RL.

• End-to-end VLA RL pipeline built on veRL with VLA-specific optimizations
• Multi-environment parallel rendering significantly accelerates VLA trajectory sampling
• Leverages veRL's state-of-the-art infrastructure: efficient distributed training (FSDP), hybrid communication patterns, and optimized memory management for fast training/inference

• VLA Models: OpenVLA, OpenVLA-OFT
• Benchmarks: LIBERO, RoboTwin 1.0/2.0
• Modular architecture for easy integration of new VLA models, benchmarks and RL algorithms (Upcoming)

• Binary (0/1) outcome rewards - no complex reward design needed
• Exploration strategies: dynamic sampling, adaptive clipping, temperature tuning

SimpleVLA-RL extends veRL with VLA-specific components across the following modules:

verl/trainer/main_ppo.py

• Main entry point with ray initialization
• RobRewardManager for reward distribution

verl/trainer/ppo/ray_trainer.py

• Main RL training loop: data loading, VLA rollout, model updates, evaluation, checkpointing
• RL algorithm-specific advantage computation

verl/workers/fsdp_workers.py

• Source of core functions called in ray_trainer.py
• VLA model/optimizer initialization, generate_sequences, compute_entropy, update_actor

verl/workers/actor/dp_rob.py

• Specific implementation of functions in fsdp_workers.py
• RL loss computation, policy updates, compute_log_prob, compute_entropy

verl/workers/rollout/rob_rollout.py

• VLA rollout implementation: environment creation, multi-environment parallel rendering, VLA action generation, environment interaction, video saving, trajectory and 0/1 reward collection

verl/utils/dataset/rob_dataset.py

• Dataset construction for training/testing across benchmarks

verl/utils/vla_utils/

• VLA model implementations (OpenVLA-OFT/OpenVLA from official code)

See SETUP.md for detailed instructions on setting up the conda environment.

An SFT (Supervised Fine-Tuning) VLA model is required for RL training. Below are the available options:

• OpenVLA-OFT SFT Models
  Download from the SimpleVLA-RL Collection. Available models include:

  • libero-10 traj1/trajall SFT
  • libero-goal/object/spatial traj1 SFT
  • Robotwin2.0 tasks traj1000 SFT

• OpenVLA SFT Models
  Download from here.

• Other Models
  For other models, you may need to fine-tune them yourself.

Before running the training script, ensure the following configurations are properly set:

• Set Your Weights and Biases (WandB) API Key
  Replace the WANDB_API_KEY field in SimpleVLA-RL/align.json with your own WandB API key.

• Modify Key Variables
  Update the following variables in examples/run_openvla_oft_rl_libero/twin2.sh as needed:

  • WANDB_API_KEY: Your WandB API key.
  • EXPERIMENT_NAME: The name of your experiment. You can choose any name.
  • SFT_MODEL_PATH: Path to your SFT model.
  • CKPT_PATH: Path where your checkpoints will be saved.
  • DATASET_NAME: For detailed options, refer to examples/run_openvla_oft_rl_libero/twin2.sh.
  • ALIGN_PATH: Path to the SimpleVLA-RL/align.json file.
  • NUM_GPUS: Number of GPUs available per node (e.g., 8).
  • NUM_NODES: Number of nodes used for RL training (e.g., 1).

• Run RL Training
  Use the following command to start RL training for OpenVLA-OFT on the LIBERO or RoboTwin2.0 benchmark:

  bash examples/run_openvla_oft_rl_libero.sh
  or
  bash examples/run_openvla_oft_rl_twin2.sh

To evaluate the performance of your model, enable evaluation mode by setting trainer.val_only=True in examples/run_openvla_oft_rl_libero/twin2.sh. Then, execute the same script:

bash examples/run_openvla_oft_rl_libero.sh
or
bash examples/run_openvla_oft_rl_twin2.sh

We evaluate SimpleVLA-RL on the LIBERO using OpenVLA-OFT. SimpleVLA-RL improves the performance of OpenVLA-OFT to 97.6 points on LIBERO-Long and sets a new state-of-the-art. Remarkably, using only one trajectory per task for cold-start SFT, SimpleVLA-RL raises the performance of OpenVLA-OFT from 17.3 to 91.7, yielding an improvement of 74.4 points (430.1%).

We develop this preview version of the code based on veRL, OpenVLA-OFT, RoboTwin2.0, and PRIME. We acknowledge their significant contributions! For further details and updates, please refer to the official documentation and repositories of the respective projects.

• Support advanced diffusion based RL: pi0 and pi0.5 with flow matching RL
• Support more VLA models: especially for lightweight ones (e.g. VLA-Adapter, SmolVLA)

• Support more benchmarks: e.g. SimplerEnv, BEHAVIOR, Calvin
• Support real-world RL.

• Additional online RL methods and Offline RL algorithms
• Modular environment and VLA interface for easy adaptation
• Further optimize the RL framework to achieve more efficient training

• Haozhan Li: zhan72426@gmail.com
• Ning Ding: dingning@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

If you find SimpleVLA-RL helpful, please cite us:

@article{li2025simplevla,
  title={SimpleVLA-RL: Scaling VLA Training via Reinforcement Learning},
  author={Li, Haozhan and Zuo, Yuxin and Yu, Jiale and Zhang, Yuhao and Yang, Zhaohui and Zhang, Kaiyan and Zhu, Xuekai and Zhang, Yuchen and Chen, Tianxing and Cui, Ganqu and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.09674},
  year={2025}
}