togh

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish togaid, from Old Irish do·goa, from Proto-Celtic *to-guseti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-. Compare Scottish Gaelic tagh and Manx teiy.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /t̪ˠɔu̯/ ~ /t̪ˠɔvʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /t̪ˠeː/, (older) /t̪ˠɤː/

Verb

togh (present analytic toghann, future analytic toghfaidh, verbal noun toghadh, past participle tofa)

1. choose, select
2. elect
3. sort, gather

Conjugation

Conjugation of togh (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular	plural	direct relative	autonomous
first	second	third	first	second	third
present	toghaim	toghann tú; toghair†	toghann sé, sí	toghaimid; toghann muid	toghann sibh	toghann siad; toghaid†	a thoghann; a thoghas	toghtar
past	thogh mé; thoghas	thogh tú; thoghais	thogh sé, sí	thoghamar; thogh muid	thogh sibh; thoghabhair	thogh siad; thoghadar	a thogh	toghadh
past habitual	thoghainn / toghainn‡	thoghtá / toghtá‡	thoghadh sé, sí / toghadh sé, sí‡	thoghaimis; thoghadh muid / toghaimis‡; toghadh muid‡	thoghadh sibh / toghadh sibh‡	thoghaidís; thoghadh siad / toghaidís‡; toghadh siad‡	a thoghadh	thoghtaí / toghtaí‡
	singular	plural	direct relative	autonomous
first	second	third	first	second	third
future	toghfaidh mé; toghfad	toghfaidh tú; toghfair†	toghfaidh sé, sí	toghfaimid; toghfaidh muid	toghfaidh sibh	toghfaidh siad; toghfaid†	a thoghfaidh; a thoghfas	toghfar
conditional	thoghfainn / toghfainn‡	thoghfá / toghfá‡	thoghfadh sé, sí / toghfadh sé, sí‡	thoghfaimis; thoghfadh muid / toghfaimis‡; toghfadh muid‡	thoghfadh sibh / toghfadh sibh‡	thoghfaidís; thoghfadh siad / toghfaidís‡; toghfadh siad‡	a thoghfadh	thoghfaí / toghfaí‡
subjunctive	singular	plural	direct relative	autonomous
first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go dtogha mé; go dtoghad†	go dtogha tú; go dtoghair†	go dtogha sé, sí	go dtoghaimid; go dtogha muid	go dtogha sibh	go dtogha siad; go dtoghaid†	—	go dtoghtar
past	dá dtoghainn	dá dtoghtá	dá dtoghadh sé, sí	dá dtoghaimis; dá dtoghadh muid	dá dtoghadh sibh	dá dtoghaidís; dá dtoghadh siad	—	dá dtoghtaí
imperative	singular	plural	direct relative	autonomous
first	second	third	first	second	third
—	toghaim	togh	toghadh sé, sí	toghaimis	toghaigí; toghaidh†	toghaidís	—	toghtar
past participle	tofa
verbal noun	toghadh

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

• Alternative past participle: toighte (Ulster)

Related terms

• togha m (“pick, choice”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of togh

radical	lenition	eclipsis
togh	thogh	dtogh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “toġaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 1221; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “togh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle English

Noun

togh

1. alternative form of tow