autonomous

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Graeco-Phrygian *auto-

Proto-Hellenic *autós

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.

Ancient Greek αὖ (aû)

Ancient Greek τόν (tón)

Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós)

Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)

Proto-Indo-European *nem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *németi

Proto-Hellenic *némō

Ancient Greek νέμω (némō)

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Hellenic *-os

Ancient Greek -ος (-os)

Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos)

▲

Proto-Hellenic *-os

Ancient Greek -ος (-os)

Ancient Greek αὐτόνομος (autónomos)

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂

Proto-Hellenic *-íā

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Ancient Greek αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (autonomĭ́ā)bor.

English autonomy

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?

Proto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?

Old Latin -ōssus

Latin -ōsus

Old French -usbor.

Middle English -ous

English -ous

English autonomous

From autonomy + -ous.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɔˈtɑnəməs/
• (cot–caught merger, General American, Atlantic Canada) IPA^(key): /ɑˈtɑnəməs/

  • Audio (California):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒnəməs
• (weak vowel merger) Homophone: autonymous

Adjective

autonomous (comparative more autonomous, superlative most autonomous)

1. Governing itself independently.

   Synonyms: sovereign, self-governing

   an autonomous territory

2. Of or relating to a territory that governs itself independently.
   • 1923, Ernest Bramah [pseudonym; Ernest Brammah Smith], “(please specify the page)”, in The Eyes of Max Carrados, London: Grant Richards, →OCLC:

     "Thank you, Louis," interrupted Carrados. "It is very nice to learn that. But I am really going to Kingsmouth because there's a man there—a curate—who has the second best private collection in Europe of autonomous coins of Thessaly."

3. Sentient; self-aware.
4. Acting on one's own or independently; of a child, acting without being governed by parental or guardian rules.

   Synonyms: self-standing, self-directed

   • 2022 October 4, Soumya Karlamangla, “Behind the Story: Navigating San Francisco in a Driverless Car”, in The New York Times‎^[1], archived from the original on 21 October 2022:

     Though Cade has for years reported on the development of autonomous vehicles, test drives usually have so-called safety drivers who ride along and can take over in case something goes wrong.

5. (Celtic linguistics, of a verb form) Used with no subject, indicating an unknown or unspecified agent; used in similar situations as the passive in English (the difference being that the theme in the English passive construction is the subject, while in the Celtic autonomous construction the theme is the object and there is no subject).

Antonyms

• heteronomous

Derived terms

• autonomous community
• autonomously
• autonomousness
• autonomous oblast
• autonomous okrug
• autonomous prefecture
• autonomous region
• autonomous sensory meridian response
• autonomous vehicle
• autonowashing
• nonautonomous
• semiautonomous
• superautonomous

Related terms

• autonomic
• autonomy

Translations

self-governing — see also independent,‎ autonomic

Albanian: autonom (sq) Arabic: اِسْتِقْلَالِيّ (istiqlāliyy) Armenian: ինքնավար (hy) (inkʻnavar) Asturian: autónomu Azerbaijani: muxtar Belarusian: аўтано́мны (awtanómny) Bulgarian: автоно́мен (bg) (avtonómen) Buryat: автономито (avtonomito), өөртөө заһаха (öörtöö zahaxa) Catalan: autònom (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 自治 (zh) (zìzhì) Czech: samosprávný (cs), autonomní (cs) Danish: autonom (da), selvstyret Dutch: autonoom (nl) Esperanto: aŭtonoma Evenki: автоно̄мнай (awtonōmnaj) Extremaduran: autónoma Finnish: autonominen (fi), itsehallinnollinen (fi) French: autonome (fr) Galician: autónomo (gl) Georgian: ავტონომიური (avṭonomiuri) German: autonom (de) Greek: αυτόνομος (el) (aftónomos) Hebrew: אוֹטוֹנוֹמִי (otonómi) Hindi: स्वायत्त (hi) (svāyatt) Hungarian: autonómia (hu) Ido: autonoma (io) Indonesian: otonom (id) Irish: féinrialaitheach, neamhspleách Italian: autonomo (it), indipendente (it) Japanese: 自治 (ja) (じち, jichi), 自主的な (ja) (じしゅてきな, jishuteki na) Kalmyk: автономн (avtonomn) Kazakh: автономиялы (avtonomiäly), автономиялық (avtonomiälyq) Khakas: автоном (avtonom) Korean: 자치(自治) (ko) (jachi), 자주적(自主的) (ko) (jajujeok) Kyrgyz: автономиялык (avtonomiyalık) Macedonian: автономен (avtonomen) Malay: berautonomi Mongolian: Cyrillic: өөртөө засах (öörtöö zasax), автономит (mn) (avtonomit) Mongolian script: ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ (öbertegen ǰasaqu) Norwegian: Bokmål: autonom (no), selvstyrt, sjølstyrt Nynorsk: autonom, sjølvstyrt Persian: مختار (fa) (moxtâr) Polish: autonomiczny (pl) Portuguese: autónomo (pt) (Portugal), autônomo (pt) (Brazil) Romanian: autonom (ro) Russian: автоно́мный (ru) (avtonómnyj) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: са̏моста̄лан, а̀утоно̄ман Latin: sȁmostālan (sh), àutonōman (sh) Slovak: samosprávny, autonómny (sk) Slovene: avtonomen, samostojen Southern Altai: автоном (avtonom) Spanish: autónomo (es) Swedish: autonom (sv), självstyrande Tajik: мухтор (muxtor) Tatar: автоном (avtonom) Turkish: otonom (tr) Tuvan: автономнуг (avtonomnug) Ukrainian: автоно́мний (uk) (avtonómnyj) Uzbek: avtonomiyali (uz), muxtor (uz) Vietnamese: tự trị (vi) Written Oirat: ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ (eberēn zasaxu) Xibe: ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡢᡤᠠ Yakut: автоно́мнай (avtonómnay), автономияла́ах (avtonomiyaláaq) Yiddish: אויטאָנאָם (oytonom), אויטאָנאָמיש (oytonomish) Zhuang: swci

acting on one's own — see also autonomic

Belarusian: самасто́йны (be) (samastójny) Bulgarian: самостоя́телен (bg) (samostojátelen) Catalan: autònom (ca) Danish: selvstændig (da), autonom (da) Dutch: zelfstandig (nl), autonoom (nl) Finnish: itsenäinen (fi) Galician: autónomo (gl) Hindi: आत्मनिर्भर (ātmanirbhar), स्वावलंबी (hi) (svāvlambī) Indonesian: otonom (id) Irish: féinriartha, neamhspleách Japanese: 自立した (ja) (じりつした, jiritsu shita), 主体的な (ja) (shutaiteki na), 自主的な (ja) (じしゅてきな, jishuteki na) Malay: berautonomi Norwegian: Bokmål: sjølstendig (no), selvstendig (no), autonom (no) Nynorsk: sjølvstendig, autonom Persian: خودسر (fa) (xodsar), خودرای (fa) (xodrây) Polish: autonomiczny (pl), samodzielny (pl) Portuguese: autónomo (pt) (Portugal), autônomo (pt) (Brazil) Russian: самостоя́тельный (ru) (samostojátelʹnyj) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: са̏моста̄лан, не̏овисан Latin: sȁmostālan (sh), nȅovisan (sh) Slovene: samostojen Spanish: autónomo (es) Swedish: självständig (sv) Ukrainian: самості́йний (samostíjnyj)

a verb form grammar of Celtic language

Irish: saor

See also

• autonomous area