st

See also: Appendix:Variations of "st"

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Sotho or Sotho Sesotho.

Symbol

st

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sotho.

English

Etymology 1

Imitative. Compare hist.

Alternative forms

sst

Interjection

st

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) Expressing a sudden desire for silence.

Translations

expressing a sudden desire for silence

Greek: σουτ (el) (sout), σσστ (ssst)
Hungarian: pszt (hu), csitt (hu)
Latin: st
Norwegian: hysj
Swedish: sch (sv), hyss (sv)

Etymology 2

Abbreviations.

Noun

st (plural sts)

Alternative form of st. and St.; abbreviation of street.
Abbreviation of state.
Abbreviation of stone; not capitalized or usually spaced.
- 1992 October 3, Edwina Currie, Diary:
  Weighed myself at the gym and have hit 10st 8lb, a sure sign of things getting out of control—so I can’t even console myself with a chocolate biscuit.
Abbreviation of store.
(knitting, crochet) Abbreviation of stitch.
- 1998, Kristin Nicholas, Knitting the New Classics, page 63:
  insert right-hand needle bet 2 sts just knitted
- 2009, Sally Muir, Joanna Osborne, Diana Miller, Pet Projects: The Animal Knits Bible, page 71:
  Knit 1 row. Dec 1 st at each end of next row and at each end of every foll alt row until 2 sts rem.
- 2011, Barb Brown, Knitting Knee-Highs: Sock Styles from Classic to Contemporary, page 55:
  Change to larger needles and knit 1 rnd in CC, inc 3 (4, 5) sts evenly […]
- [2011 August 23, Carmen Heffernan, “How to make colourful crocheted flowers”, in The Guardian‎^[1], archived from the original on 24 December 2023:
  st – stitch]

Derived terms

Translations

street

Catalan: c. (ca)
Czech: ul. (cs) f
Georgian: ქ. (k.)
German: Str. (de)
Greek: οδ. (od.) (abbrev. for οδός; placed before the name of the street)
Hungarian: u. (hu) (utca)
Polish: ul. (pl)
Spanish: c/

saint

Georgian: წმ. (ka) (c̣m.)
German: St. (de)
Greek: Αγ. (el) (Ag.), Άη (el) (Ái), Άϊ (Áï)
Hungarian: Szt.
Polish: św. (pl)
Portuguese: St. (pt)

state

store

Anagrams

t's, T&S, T's, ts, Ts, t.s, TS

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈstr̝̊ɛda]

Noun

st f (indeclinable)

abbreviation of středa (“Wednesday”)

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛt/
- Conventional anglicization: set

Etymology 1

Pronoun

c pl or f sg 3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

she, her, it, they, them; by Middle Egyptian often, but not exclusively, used for inanimate objects (see usage notes)

Usage notes

By the time of Late Egyptian, this pronoun in the singular was no longer strictly feminine but common to both genders, as it had entirely merged with the masculine equivalent sw through sound change.

This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:

When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
When it follows an imperative, it indicates the subject or the object of the verb.
When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.

Inflection

Old Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person	third person
masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .ṯn	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
dual	.nj	.ṯnj	.snj
plural	.n	.ṯn	.sn

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	w, wj, wy	kw, k, ṯw, ṯ	ṯm, ṯn	sw, s	s
dual	—	ṯnj	snj
plural	n	ṯn	sn

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ṯwt	ṯmt	swt	stt
dual	—	—	ntsnj
plural	—	ntṯn	ntsn, jntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kj, .k	.tj, .t	∅, .j	.tj, .t
dual	—	.tjwn	.wy, .wj	.ty
plural	.wn, .nw	∅, .w, .y, .wy	.tj, .t

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.

Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person	third person
masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .t	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
dual²	.nj	.ṯnj, .tnj	.snj
plural	.n	.ṯn, .tn	.sn, .w³

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	wj, w	ṯw, tw	ṯn, tn	sw, st	sj, s, st
plural	n	ṯn, tn	sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ntk, ṯwt²	ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt²	ntf, swt²	nts, swt²
plural	jnn³	ntṯn, nttn	ntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kw	.tj, .t, .tw³	∅, .w	.tj, .t, .tw³
plural	.wn, .wjn	.tjwn, .tjwnj	∅, .w, .y

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns³	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	sj, st
plural	tw.n	tw.tn	st

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
² Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
³ Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.

Late Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person	third person
masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine

suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kw	.t	.f, .fj	.s, .st, .sw
plural	.n	.tn, .twn	.w, .sn¹

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns¹	singular	wj	tw, tj	sw, st
plural	n, wn	twn	sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	mntk, mtwk	mntt, mtwy	mntf	mntst, mntjst
plural	jnn	mnttn	mntw

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings¹	singular	.kw, .k	.tj, .tw	∅, .w, .y	.tj, .tw
plural	.nw	.tn	∅, .w, .y
unmarked²	∅, .tw

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	st, sw
plural	tw.n	tw.tn	st, sw, swt

¹ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
² Later form.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of st

st

Optional plural writing, later also for
the singular by confusion with the plural

Optional plural writing

For variant forms after this pronoun merged with sw, see that entry.

Derived terms

stt

Pronoun

c pl or f sg 3. proclitic (‘subject form’) pronoun

she, it, they [since the 17th Dynasty]

Usage notes

This form of pronoun is a proclitic that must stand at the beginning of a sentence (generally adverbial) and cannot come after any particles. It always indicates the subject of the sentence.

Inflection

Old Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person	third person
masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .ṯn	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
dual	.nj	.ṯnj	.snj
plural	.n	.ṯn	.sn

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	w, wj, wy	kw, k, ṯw, ṯ	ṯm, ṯn	sw, s	s
dual	—	ṯnj	snj
plural	n	ṯn	sn

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ṯwt	ṯmt	swt	stt
dual	—	—	ntsnj
plural	—	ntṯn	ntsn, jntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kj, .k	.tj, .t	∅, .j	.tj, .t
dual	—	.tjwn	.wy, .wj	.ty
plural	.wn, .nw	∅, .w, .y, .wy	.tj, .t

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.

Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person	third person
masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .t	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
dual²	.nj	.ṯnj, .tnj	.snj
plural	.n	.ṯn, .tn	.sn, .w³

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	wj, w	ṯw, tw	ṯn, tn	sw, st	sj, s, st
plural	n	ṯn, tn	sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ntk, ṯwt²	ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt²	ntf, swt²	nts, swt²
plural	jnn³	ntṯn, nttn	ntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kw	.tj, .t, .tw³	∅, .w	.tj, .t, .tw³
plural	.wn, .wjn	.tjwn, .tjwnj	∅, .w, .y

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns³	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	sj, st
plural	tw.n	tw.tn	st

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
² Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
³ Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.

Late Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person	third person
masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine

suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kw	.t	.f, .fj	.s, .st, .sw
plural	.n	.tn, .twn	.w, .sn¹

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns¹	singular	wj	tw, tj	sw, st
plural	n, wn	twn	sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	mntk, mtwk	mntt, mtwy	mntf	mntst, mntjst
plural	jnn	mnttn	mntw

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings¹	singular	.kw, .k	.tj, .tw	∅, .w, .y	.tj, .tw
plural	.nw	.tn	∅, .w, .y
unmarked²	∅, .tw

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	st, sw
plural	tw.n	tw.tn	st, sw, swt

¹ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
² Later form.

Alternative forms

See under the enclitic pronoun above.

Etymology 2

Noun

f

throne of the king or of a god seen as a king [since the Pyramid Texts]
seat of the dead in the heavens or in the sun-god’s barque
palace of the king
residence
household
administrative office
(with a god’s name) temple or home of a god in the sky or duat
grave
building
place, location
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 153–154:
  
  ḫpr js jwd.k tw r st pn nj zp mꜣ.k jw pn ḫpr(.w) m nwy
  When your parting from this place comes to pass, you will never again see this island, which will have turned into water.
position or rank
rightful place or seat
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 22–23:
  
  šfyt ḥtp.n.s st.s fꜣw mn(.w) r hpw.f
  Dignity, it has taken its seat, and magnificence is established according to his laws.

Inflection

Declension of st (feminine)
singular	st
dual	stj
plural	swt

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of st

[Pyramid Texts]

[later]

[Old Kingdom]

[since the Middle Kingdom]

[Middle and New Kingdom]

Derived terms

Descendants

Coptic: ⲥⲉ- (se-) in ⲥⲉⲙⲓⲥⲓ (semisi, “birthing stool”)
Ancient Greek: -σης (-sēs) in Νεφερσης (Nephersēs, epithet of Isis)

Etymology 3

Romanization

st

Alternative transliteration of zt.

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 51, 116.
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Junge, Friedrich (2005), Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77

Emilian

Alternative forms

ste (usual spelling, mandatory in front of complex consonant clusters)

Etymology

From Latin iste.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /st/

Determiner

st m (feminine singular sta, masculine plural sti, feminine plural stäl)

this

References

Lepri, Luigi; Vitali, Daniele (2002), “st”, in Dizionario Bolognese-Italiano, Italiano-Bolognese. Dizionèri Bulgnaiṡ-Itagliàn, Itagliàn-Bulgnaiṡ, 2nd edition, Bologna: Pendragon, →ISBN

Ido

Interjection

st

hush!, sh!

Latin

Interjection

st

shh!, shush!, hush!

References

“st”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“st”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Romanian

Interjection

st

expressing a sudden desire for silence

Verb

st

(text messaging) abbreviation of stai (“wait, hold on”)
st sa verific

(stai să verific)
wait, lemme check

Swedish

Noun

st n

nonstandard spelling of st.

Turkish

Noun

st (definite accusative styi, plural stler)

(social media) abbreviation of story