ic

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ic"

Translingual

Alternative forms

• (roman numeral): IC, XCIX, xcix

Symbol

ic

1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing ninety-nine (99).

See also

• Previous: iic (ninety-eight, 98)
• Next: c (one hundred, 100)

K'iche'

Noun

ic

1. (Classical K'iche') chile

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin ficus. Compare Aromanian hic(u).

Noun

ic m

1. fig tree

Related terms

• ică

Middle Dutch

Alternative forms

• icke (poetic)

Etymology

From Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. The accusative and dative are Old Dutch mī, from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz, originally only the dative form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪk/

Pronoun

ic

1. I

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person	ic	mi	mijn
2nd person	du	di	dijn
3rd person	m	hi	hem, hen	sijn
f	si	haer	haer
n	het	hem, hen	sijn
plural	1st person	wi	ons	onse
2nd person	gi	u	uwe
3rd person	si	hem, hen	haer

Descendants

• Dutch: ik, ick, ikke (informal or childish)
  • Afrikaans: ek, ik (archaic except in Cape Afrikaans)
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
  • Jersey Dutch: äk
  • Petjo: ik
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

Further reading

• “ic”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “ic”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Pronoun

ic

1. alternative form of I (“I”)

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

• ik

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik.

Pronoun

ic

1. I
   • c. 900 CE, Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen [The Old Middle and Old Low Franconian psalms and glosses]:

     In ne kēre antsceine thīn fan cnapin thīnin wanda ic gewītenot wirthon sniumo gihōri mī

     And hide not thy face from thy servant; for I am in trouble: hear me speedily. (Psalms 69:17; KJV)

Declension

Old Dutch personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	first person	ic	mī	mīn
second person	thū	thī	thīn
third person	neuter	it	imo, himo	is
masculine	hē, hie	in, hin	imo, himo	sīn, is
feminine	siu, sie	sia, sie	iro, hiro
plural	first person	wī	uns, unsig	unser
second person	gī	iu	iuwer
third person	sia, sie	im, him, in, hin	iro, hiro

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: ic, icke
  • Dutch: ik, ick, ikke (informal or childish)
    • Afrikaans: ek, ik (archaic except in Cape Afrikaans)
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
    • Jersey Dutch: äk
    • Petjo: ik
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

Further reading

• “ic”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Alternative forms

• ih — Northumbrian
• iċċ, hiċ, ich, yċ
• ᛁᚳ (ic) — Ruthwell Cross, ᛁᚴ

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, unstressed form of *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /it͡ʃ/
• Rhymes: -it͡ʃ

Pronoun

iċ

1. I

   Iċ lufiġe þē.

   I love you.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 6:20

     Iċ hit eom. Ne ondrǣdaþ ēow.

     It's me [literally I am it]. Don't be scared.

   • The Life of Saint Margaret

     Iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.

     I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth.

Usage notes

• In modern English, object pronouns are often used as subjects in a wide variety of circumstances ("Me and her are friends", "you're as big as me"). In Old English, only subject pronouns were used as subjects (except with a small class of verbs such as līcian, mǣtan, and twēoġan, which took dative or accusative subjects with nouns and pronouns alike). Thus "me and her are friends" was Iċ and hēo sind ġefrīend, literally "I and she are friends."

Declension

Old English personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	first person	iċ	mē, mec	mē	mīn
second person	þū	þē, þec	þē	þīn
third person	neuter	hit	him	his
masculine	hē	hine
feminine	hēo	hīe	hire
dual	first person	wit	unc, uncit	unc	uncer
second person	ġit	inc, incit	inc	incer
plural	first person	wē	ūs, ūsiċ	ūs	ūre, ūser
second person	ġē	ēow, ēowiċ	ēow	ēower
third person	hīe	him	heora

Descendants

• Southern Middle English: ich
  • English: ich (obsolete since 19th century)
  • Yola: ich (revived)
• Northern Middle English: ik
  • Scots: Ik (rare)
• Later Middle English: I
  • English: I
  • Scots: A, I

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ic

1. alternative spelling of ik

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person	ik	mī, me, mik	mī	mīn
2nd person	thū	thī, thik	thī	thīn
3rd person	m	hē	ina	imu	is
f	siu	sia	iru	ira
n	it	it	is
dual	1st person	wit	unk	unkero, unka
2nd person	git	ink	inker, inka
plural	1st person	wī, we	ūs, unsik	ūs	ūser
2nd person	gī, ge	eu, iu, iuu	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera
3rd person	m	sia	im	iro
f	sia
n	siu

Descendants

• Low German: ik

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian ék.

Noun

ic n (plural icuri)

1. wedge

Declension

	singular	plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	ic	icul	icuri	icurile
genitive-dative	ic	icului	icuri	icurilor
vocative	icule	icurilor