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fa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "fa"
Languages (64)
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Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping of English Farsi, from Persian فارسی (fârsi), from Arabic فارسي (fārisiyy).

Symbol

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fa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Persian.

See also

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English

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Glover's solmization, from Middle English fa (“fourth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian fa in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin famulī (“servants”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

Noun

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fa (plural fas)

  1. (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note of a major scale.
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing the Arrival of an Irish Gentleman, with very extraordinary Adventures which ensued at the Inn”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume IV, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book X, pages 11–12:
      And now Mrs. Waters (for we muſt confeſs ſhe was in the ſame Bed) being, I ſuppoſe, awakened from her Sleep, and ſeeing two Men fighting in her Bed-chamber, began to ſcream in the moſt violent Manner, crying out Murder! Robbery! and more frequently Rape! which laſt, ſome, perhaps, may wonder ſhe ſhould mention, who do not conſider that theſe Words of Exclamation are uſed by Ladies in a Fright, as Fa, la, la, ra, da, &c. are in Muſic, only as the Vehicles of Sound, and without any fixed Ideas.
    1. (shapenote) Sometimes syllable for both the tonic and the fourth.
Derived terms
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sol-fa

Translations
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See also

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musical notes

Etymology 2

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Preposition

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fa

  1. (informal) Alternative spelling of for.
    • 2000, Requiem for a Dream, spoken by Harry Goldfarb (Jared Leto):
      Do ya wanna be a dope fiend fa krist’s sake?
Derived terms
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See also

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other terms with "fa", etymologically unrelated

Anagrams

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Akan

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Verb

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fa

  1. to put
  2. to pick up (a phone)

Derived terms

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Alemannic German

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Verb

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fa (past participle gfange, auxiliary haa)

  1. alternative form of fah

Asturian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈfa/ [ˈfa]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: fa

Verb

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fa

  1. (obsolete or archaic) alternative form of fai

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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fa m (plural fas)

  1. (music) fa (fourth note of diatonic scale)

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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fa

  1. third-person singular present indicative of fer

Preposition

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fa

  1. ago
    fa molts anys...
    many years ago...

Interjection

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fa

  1. (dialectal) a particle used in some dialects to emphasize a negative sentence
    Fa que no es veu!
    it’s obvious!
    (literally, “it does that it's not seen!”)

Chichewa

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú- (“to die”). Cognate with Tumbuka -fwa (“to die”), Yao (Africa) -wa (“to die”), Nsenga -fwa (“to die”), Nyungwe -fa (“to die”), Swahili -fa (“to die”), Zigula -fa (“to die”), Malawi Lomwe -khwa (“to die”), Lomwe -khwa (“to die”).

Verb

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-fa (infinitive kufá)

  1. to die
  2. to have a stroke
  3. to be infertile
  4. to spend or give out money

Derived terms

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References

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  • Steven Paas (2016), Oxford Chichewa-English/English - Chichewa Dictionary‎[1], Oxford University Press, page 138

Czech

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Noun

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fa

  1. abbreviation of firma

Declension

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin fa.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fa m (plural fa's, diminutive faatje n)

  1. (music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
  2. (music) F (the musical clef or key)

Derived terms

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French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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fa m (invariable)

  1. (music) fa, the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note 'F'

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Galician

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Noun

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fa m (plural fas)

  1. (music) fa (musical note)
  2. (music) F (the musical note or key)

See also

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musical solfège notes: notas musicaisedit

Gothic

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Romanization

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fa

  1. romanization of 𐍆𐌰

Gullah

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Etymology

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From Mende (Sierra Leone) fa ("A large tree").

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fa

  1. a tree, especially a cedar or a cedar-resembling tree

See also

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References

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  • Lorenzo Dow Turner, Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (1969)

Gwere

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa

Verb

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-fa (infinitive kufa)

  1. to die
  2. to be dysfunctional

Derived terms

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References

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  • Lugwere Dictionary‎[2], SIL International, (Can we date this quote?)

Hadza

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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fa

  1. to drink

Hungarian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Uralic *puwe. Cognates include Finnish puu.[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fa (countable and uncountable, plural fák)

  1. tree (large woody plant)
    Meronyms: rügy, hajtás, vessző, gally, ág, törzs, gyökér, levél, lomb, korona, termés, gyümölcs
  2. wood (substance beneath the bark of the trunk or branches of a tree)
  3. (graph theory) tree (connected graph with no cycles)
  4. (computing theory) tree (recursive data structure)
  5. (attributive) wooden (made of wood)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative fa fák
accusative fát fákat
dative fának fáknak
instrumental fával fákkal
causal-final fáért fákért
translative fává fákká
terminative fáig fákig
essive-formal faként fákként
essive-modal — —
inessive fában fákban
superessive fán fákon
adessive fánál fáknál
illative fába fákba
sublative fára fákra
allative fához fákhoz
elative fából fákból
delative fáról fákról
ablative fától fáktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		fáé fáké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		fáéi fákéi
Possessive forms of fa
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. fám fáim
2nd person sing. fád fáid
3rd person sing. fája fái
1st person plural fánk fáink
2nd person plural fátok fáitok
3rd person plural fájuk fáik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end―tree species
Compound words with this term at the end―other
Expressions

References

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  1. ^ Entry #829 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ fa in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • (tree, wood): fa in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
  • (“fa”, a syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth note of a major scale; alternative form of fá): fa in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
  • fa in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2026).

Irish

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Etymology 1

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Alternative forms

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Particle

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fa (triggers h-prothesis)

  1. obsolete form of ba (“was”) (past affirmative and relative of is).
    • 2014 [1628–1634], Geoffrey Keating, edited by Beatrix Färber, David Comyn, Patrick S. Dinneen, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn‎[3], CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts:
      gurab Alba fá hainm don chrích sin
      that that country’s name was Scotland
    • 1939 [c. 13th century], “Bean ós mhnáibh cáich Cailleach Dé”, in Lambert McKenna, editor, Aithdioghluim Dána‎[4], Dublin:
      Is leomhan Ó mBriun an bhean / siur ga seoladh [ar] a son, / síol na n-ealta fa díon damh, / síol glan nach ba creachta ar gcrodh.
      A lion-hero of the Í Bhriuin is this lady, a sister that guides them by her words; noble the offspring of that flock, my guardians (ensuring) that all I own be safe from harrying.
      (literally, “(…) the seed of the flock which was protection to me, noble seed (…)”)
[edit]
Irish copular forms
simple copular forms
present/future affirmative negative interrogative negative
interrogative
main clause is ní an nach
relative clause direct nach —
indirect ar, arbv
other subordinate clause gur, gurbv an nach
past/conditional affirmative negative interrogative negative
interrogative
main clause ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
relative clause direct ba, abv nár, nárbhv —
indirect ar, arbhv
other subordinate clause gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
present subjunctive affirmative negative
— gura, gurabv nára, nárabv
compound copular forms
base word present/future past/conditional
cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv
cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv
dá — dá mba, dá mb’v
de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv
faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv
i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv
le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv
má más má ba, má b’v
mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv
ó (preposition) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv
ó (conjunction) ós ó ba, ó b’v
trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv

v Used before vowel sounds

Etymology 2

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Preposition

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fa (plus dative, triggers lenition)

  1. obsolete form of faoi (“under”)
  2. obsolete form of um (“about, concerning”)
Usage notes
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In the meaning about it was followed by a noun in accusative.

Italian

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Etymology 1

[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈfa/*
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: fà
  • This word triggers syntactic gemination; hence for example fa freddo (“it's cold”, literally “it makes cold”) is pronounced /ˈfa‿fˈfreddo/.

Verb

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fa

  1. third-person singular present indicative of fare

Etymology 2

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From conjugated form of fare above; literally, “it makes”. Compare Spanish hace (although the latter precedes the number, unlike fa and English ago).

Adverb

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fa

  1. ago (Note: like in English, fa follows the number.)
    Synonym: prima
    Molto tempo fa ― A long time ago

Etymology 3

[edit]
Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈfa/°
  • IPA(key): (traditional) /ˈfa/*
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: fà

Noun

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fa m (invariable)

  2. (music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
  3. F (musical note or key)

Japanese

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Romanization

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fa

  1. The katakana syllable ファ (fa) in Hepburn romanization.

Kabyle

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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fa (verbal noun tufayin or lfawat)

  1. to yawn

References

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  • Association Culturelle Numidya (2025), “Amawal, dictionnaire kabyle-français en ligne”, in Amawal‎[5], retrieved 2025
  • Dallet, Jean-Marie (1982), Dictionnaire kabyle-français: parler des At Mangellat, Algérie (in French), Paris, France

Lala (South Africa)

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

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-fá

  1. to die

Latvian

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Noun

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fa m (invariable)

  1. (music) fa, the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note 'F'.

Luganda

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

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-fa (intransitive)

  1. to die
  2. to be killed; be destroyed
  3. to spoil; become useless
  4. to get into trouble; be in a jam
  5. to go sour (e.g. of milk)

References

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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fa (fa5 / fa0, Zhuyin ˙ㄈㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠲎

Romanization

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fa

  1. nonstandard spelling of fā
  2. nonstandard spelling of fá
  3. nonstandard spelling of fǎ
  4. nonstandard spelling of fà

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

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Etymology

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From Old Irish fáth, from Proto-Celtic *wātus (“inspired utterance”) (compare Welsh gwawd (“song, praise, poetry”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t-.

Noun

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fa m (plural [please provide])

  1. reason, cause

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutation of fa
radical lenition eclipsis
fa a va

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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fa

  1. alternative form of fo

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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fa

  1. alternative form of fo

Mizo

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Etymology

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *θaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsəʔ.

Noun

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fa

  1. child (of parent(s))
  2. nephew, niece
  3. first cousin once removed
  4. other people the same age as one's own children

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Neapolitan

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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fa

  1. third-person singular present indicative of fà

Niuean

[edit]
Niuean cardinal numbers
 <  3 4 5  > 
    Cardinal : fa

Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

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fa

  1. four

Norman

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fa m (plural fas)

  1. (Jersey) suit (clothing)

Synonyms

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Northern Ndebele

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

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-fá

  1. to die

Inflection

[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Latin famuli, from the first word of the fourth line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn on which solfège was based because its lines started on each note of the scale successively. Through Italian.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fa m (definite singular fa-en, indefinite plural fa-ar, definite plural fa-ane)

  2. (music) fa, a syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note of a major scale.

Coordinate terms

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References

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Nyole (Uganda)

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

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-fa (infinitive ohufa)

  1. to die

Derived terms

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  • -fiira (“to loose for good”)
  • ehiguudyo hy'ohufa (“death sentence, capital punishment”)
  • ohufaaho (“to be unconscious, to be in a coma”)
  • ohufaania (“to regain consciousness; to understand, to recognise, to perceive”)
  • ohutafa (“to be immortal, to have everlasting life”)

References

[edit]
  • Diprose, Martin; Musimami, Sylvester N. M. (2012), Lunyole–English Dictionary‎[6], SIL International

Nyungwe

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

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-fa (infinitive kufa)

  1. to die

Derived terms

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References

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  • Wycliffe Bible Translators, ciNyungwe Biblyia, 2019

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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fā

  1. alternative form of fāh

Old Frisian

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *fą̄han, from Proto-Germanic *fanhaną. Cognates include Old English fōn, Old Saxon fāhan and Old Dutch fān.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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fā

  1. (transitive) to catch

Descendants

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  • North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: fu
    Mooring: füünj
    Sylt: fo
  • Saterland Frisian: fange
  • West Frisian: fange

References

[edit]
  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Apparently a derivative of some form of the copula is that is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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fa (triggers lenition)

  1. (in indirect interrogative clauses) or

For quotations using this term, see Citations:fa.

Further reading

[edit]

Old Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Norse fá, from Proto-Germanic *fanhaną.

Verb

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fā

  1. to seize, take
  2. to get, receive

Conjugation

[edit]
Conjugation of fā (strong)
present past
infinitive fā —
participle fāndi, -e fangin (sup. fāt)
active voice indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
iæk fār, fǣr fā-, -i, -e — fik, fæk fingi, finge
þū fār, fǣr fā-, -i, -e fā fikt fingi, finge
han fār, fǣr fā-, -i, -e — fik, fæk fingi, finge
vīr fām, -um, -om fām, -um, -om fām, -um, -om fingum, fingom fingum, fingom
īr fān, -in fān, -in fān, -in fingin fingin
þēr fā fān, -in — fingu, fingo fingin
mediopassive voice indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
iæk — — — — —
þū — — — — —
han — — — — —
vīr — — — — —
īr — — — — —
þēr — — — — —

Descendants

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Phuthi

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

[edit]

-fá

  1. to die

Inflection

[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Scots

[edit]

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

[edit]

fa

  1. Doric Scots form of wha (“who”)
    Fa's this quine, en?
    Who's this girl, then?

Shambala

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú- (“to die”). Cognate with Swahili -fa (“to die”), Zigula -fa (“to die”), Chichewa -fa (“to die”), Tumbuka -fwa (“to die”), Yao (Africa) -wa (“to die”).

Verb

[edit]

-fa (infinitive kufa, perfect -file)

  1. to die

References

[edit]
  • August Seidel (1895), Handbuch der Shambala-sprache in Usambara, Deutsch-Ostafrika. Mit Texten, einem Shambala-Deutschen und einem Deutsch-Shambala-Wörterbuch‎[7], Dresden-Leipzig, pages 79, 129

Shona

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

[edit]

-fá (infinitive kufá)

  1. to die

Derived terms

[edit]

Sotho

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Verb

[edit]

fa

  1. to give

South Marquesan

[edit]
South Marquesan cardinal numbers
 <  3 4 5  > 
    Cardinal : fa

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

[edit]

fa

  1. four

Southern Ndebele

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

[edit]

-fá

  1. to die

Inflection

[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈfa/ [ˈfa]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: fa

Noun

[edit]

fa m (plural fa)

  1. fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)

Derived terms

[edit]

Interjection

[edit]

fa

  1. (Argentina) ew, phew (expression of disgust)
    Synonyms: puaj, guácala

Verb

[edit]

fa

  1. inflection of far:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative
    3. second-person singular voseo imperative

Further reading

[edit]

Sranan Tongo

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

[edit]

fa

  1. how
Derived terms
[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

fa

  1. as soon as

Etymology 2

[edit]

Short for a phrase such as fa fu yu? or fa a e go?

Interjection

[edit]

fa?

  1. hi; how are you?; how's it going?

Swahili

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-fwa, from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú-.

    In Sabaki, cognate with Ngazidja Comorian -fa and Giryama -fwa. Other Bantu cognates include Rwanda-Rundi -pfá and Zulu -fá.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    -fa (infinitive kufa)

    1. to die
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:fa
    2. to stop, come to an end

    Conjugation

    [edit]
    Conjugation of -fa
    Positive present -nakufa
    Subjunctive -fe
    Negative -fi
    Imperative singular kufa
    Infinitives
    Positive kufa
    Negative kutokufa
    Imperatives
    Singular kufa
    Plural kufeni
    Tensed forms
    Habitual hufa
    Positive past positive subject concord + -likufa
    Negative past negative subject concord + -kufa
    Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakufa)
    Singular Plural
    1st person ninakufa/nakufa tunakufa
    2nd person unakufa mnakufa
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakufa wanakufa
    other classes positive subject concord + -nakufa
    Negative present (negative subject concord + -fi)
    Singular Plural
    1st person sifi hatufi
    2nd person hufi hamfi
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) hafi hawafi
    other classes negative subject concord + -fi
    Positive future positive subject concord + -takufa
    Negative future negative subject concord + -takufa
    Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -fe)
    Singular Plural
    1st person nife tufe
    2nd person ufe mfe
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) afe wafe
    other classes positive subject concord + -fe
    Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sife
    Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekufa
    Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekufa
    Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikufa
    Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikufa
    Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afa)
    Singular Plural
    1st person nafa twafa
    2nd person wafa mwafa
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) afa wafa
    m-mi(III/IV) wafa yafa
    ji-ma(V/VI) lafa yafa
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) chafa vyafa
    n(IX/X) yafa zafa
    u(XI) wafa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) kwafa
    pa(XVI) pafa
    mu(XVIII) mwafa
    Perfect positive subject concord + -mekufa
    "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakufa
    "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jafa
    "If/When" positive subject concord + -kifa
    "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokufa
    Consecutive kafa / positive subject concord + -kafa
    Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kafe
    Object concord (indicative positive)
    Singular Plural
    1st person -nifa -tufa
    2nd person -kufa -wafa/-kufeni/-wafeni
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mfa -wafa
    m-mi(III/IV) -ufa -ifa
    ji-ma(V/VI) -lifa -yafa
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kifa -vifa
    n(IX/X) -ifa -zifa
    u(XI) -ufa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kufa
    pa(XVI) -pafa
    mu(XVIII) -mufa
    Reflexive -jifa
    Relative forms
    General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -fa- + relative marker)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -faye -fao
    m-mi(III/IV) -fao -fayo
    ji-ma(V/VI) -falo -fayo
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -facho -favyo
    n(IX/X) -fayo -fazo
    u(XI) -fao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -fako
    pa(XVI) -fapo
    mu(XVIII) -famo
    Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kufa)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -yekufa -okufa
    m-mi(III/IV) -okufa -yokufa
    ji-ma(V/VI) -lokufa -yokufa
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokufa -vyokufa
    n(IX/X) -yokufa -zokufa
    u(XI) -okufa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kokufa
    pa(XVI) -pokufa
    mu(XVIII) -mokufa
    Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

    Derived terms

    [edit]
    [edit]
    • -fu (“dead”)
    • kifo (“death”)
    • mfu (“dead person”)
    • ufu (“death”)

    See also

    [edit]
    • -ua (“kill”)

    Swazi

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

    Verb

    [edit]

    -fá

    1. (intransitive) to die

    Inflection

    [edit]

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Tarifit

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Berber. Cognate with Tashelhit fa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • (Nador) IPA(key): [fɛ]
    • Syllabification: fa
    • Rhymes: -ɛ

    Verb

    [edit]

    fa (Tifinagh spelling ⴼⴰ) (intransitive)

    1. to yawn

    Conjugation

    [edit]
    Conjugation of fa
    aorist perfective negative perfective imperfective negative imperfective
    participle ifan ifan ifin yettfan yettfin
    singular plural
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    aorist m fiɣ tfid ifa nfa tfam fan
    f tfa tfant fant
    perfective m fiɣ tfid ifa nfa tfam fan
    f tfa tfant fant
    negative perfective m fiɣ tfid ifi nfi tfim fin
    f tfi tfint fint
    imperfective m ttfiɣ tettfid yettfa nettfa tettfam ttfan
    f tettfa tettfant ttfant
    negative imperfective m ttfiɣ tettfid yettfi nettfi tettfim ttfin
    f tettfi tettfint ttfint
    aorist imperative m fa fam, fat
    f fant
    imperfective imperative m ttfa ttfam, ttfat
    f ttfant
    injunctive m nfat
    f nfant

    References

    [edit]

    Tooro

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    -fa (infinitive okufa) (intransitive)

    1. to die
      Near-synonym: -kaba
      Antonym: -omeera
    2. to be destroyed
    3. to stop working
    4. to become useless
      1. (of food or drink) to spoil, to go bad
      2. (of crops) to fail
      3. to become blunt

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    This verb supports at least two perfective stems: -fiire and -fwire; the former is more widely used.

    Conjugation

    [edit]

    With -fiire:

    Conjugation of -fa
    infinitives
    affirmative okufa
    negative okutafa
    imperatives
    affirmative fa
    negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
    tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
    present habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -fa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfa tufa
    second person ofa mufa
    third person 1/2 afa bafa
    3/4 gufa efa
    5/6 lifa gafa
    7/8 kifa bifa
    9/10 efa zifa
    11/10 rufa
    12/14 kafa bufa
    13 — tufa
    14/6 bufa gafa
    15/6 kufa
    16 hafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -fa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinfa titufa
    second person tofa timufa
    third person 1/2 tafa tibafa
    3/4 tigufa tefa
    5/6 tirifa tigafa
    7/8 tikifa tibifa
    9/10 tefa tizifa
    11/10 tirufa
    12/14 tikafa tibufa
    13 — titufa
    14/6 tibufa tigafa
    15/6 tikufa
    16 tihafa —
    		subject concord + -tafa
    present continuous affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -fa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ninfa nitufa
    second person noofa nimufa
    third person 1/2 naafa nibafa
    3/4 nigufa neefa
    5/6 nirifa nigafa
    7/8 nikifa nibifa
    9/10 neefa nizifa
    11/10 nirufa
    12/14 nikafa nibufa
    13 — nitufa
    14/6 nibufa nigafa
    15/6 nikufa
    16 nihafa —
    		subject concord + -rukufa
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -rukufa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindukufa titurukufa
    second person torukufa timurukufa
    third person 1/2 tarukufa tibarukufa
    3/4 tigurukufa terukufa
    5/6 tirirukufa tigarukufa
    7/8 tikirukufa tibirukufa
    9/10 terukufa tizirukufa
    11/10 tirurukufa
    12/14 tikarukufa tiburukufa
    13 — titurukufa
    14/6 tiburukufa tigarukufa
    15/6 tikurukufa
    16 tiharukufa —
    		subject concord + -tarukufa
    present continuative affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -kyafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ninkyafa nitukyafa
    second person nookyafa nimukyafa
    third person 1/2 naakyafa nibakyafa
    3/4 nigukyafa neekyafa
    5/6 nirikyafa nigakyafa
    7/8 nikikyafa nibikyafa
    9/10 neekyafa nizikyafa
    11/10 nirukyafa
    12/14 nikakyafa nibukyafa
    13 — nitukyafa
    14/6 nibukyafa nigakyafa
    15/6 nikukyafa
    16 nihakyafa —
    		subject concord + -rukukyafa
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kyafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkyafa titukyafa
    second person tokyafa timukyafa
    third person 1/2 takyafa tibakyafa
    3/4 tigukyafa tekyafa
    5/6 tirikyafa tigakyafa
    7/8 tikikyafa tibikyafa
    9/10 tekyafa tizikyafa
    11/10 tirukyafa
    12/14 tikakyafa tibukyafa
    13 — titukyafa
    14/6 tibukyafa tigakyafa
    15/6 tikukyafa
    16 tihakyafa —
    		subject concord + -takyafa
    virtual present affirmative
    subject concord + -afa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nafa twafa
    second person wafa mwafa
    third person 1/2 yafa baafa
    3/4 gwafa yafa
    5/6 lyafa gaafa
    7/8 kyafa byafa
    9/10 yafa zaafa
    11/10 rwafa
    12/14 kaafa bwafa
    13 — twafa
    14/6 bwafa gaafa
    15/6 kwafa
    16 haafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + afa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinafa titwafa
    second person tiwafa timwafa
    third person 1/2 tiyafa tibaafa
    3/4 tigwafa tiyafa
    5/6 tiryafa tigaafa
    7/8 tikyafa tibyafa
    9/10 tiyafa tizaafa
    11/10 tirwafa
    12/14 tikaafa tibwafa
    13 — titwafa
    14/6 tibwafa tigaafa
    15/6 tikwafa
    16 tihaafa —
    		subject concord + -taafa
    present perfect affirmative
    subject concord + -fiire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfiire tufiire
    second person ofiire mufiire
    third person 1/2 afiire bafiire
    3/4 gufiire efiire
    5/6 lifiire gafiire
    7/8 kifiire bifiire
    9/10 efiire zifiire
    11/10 rufiire
    12/14 kafiire bufiire
    13 — tufiire
    14/6 bufiire gafiire
    15/6 kufiire
    16 hafiire —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -fiire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinfiire titufiire
    second person tofiire timufiire
    third person 1/2 tafiire tibafiire
    3/4 tigufiire tefiire
    5/6 tirifiire tigafiire
    7/8 tikifiire tibifiire
    9/10 tefiire tizifiire
    11/10 tirufiire
    12/14 tikafiire tibufiire
    13 — titufiire
    14/6 tibufiire tigafiire
    15/6 tikufiire
    16 tihafiire —
    		subject concord + -tafiire
    near perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -akafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nakafa twakafa
    second person wakafa mwakafa
    third person 1/2 yakafa baakafa
    3/4 gwakafa yakafa
    5/6 lyakafa gaakafa
    7/8 kyakafa byakafa
    9/10 yakafa zaakafa
    11/10 rwakafa
    12/14 kaakafa bwakafa
    13 — twakafa
    14/6 bwakafa gaakafa
    15/6 kwakafa
    16 haakafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kafiire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkafiire titukafiire
    second person tokafiire timukafiire
    third person 1/2 takafiire tibakafiire
    3/4 tigukafiire tekafiire
    5/6 tirikafiire tigakafiire
    7/8 tikikafiire tibikafiire
    9/10 tekafiire tizikafiire
    11/10 tirukafiire
    12/14 tikakafiire tibukafiire
    13 — titukafiire
    14/6 tibukafiire tigakafiire
    15/6 tikukafiire
    16 tihakafiire —
    		subject concord + -takafiire
    near past affirmative
    subject concord + -fiirege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfiirege tufiirege
    second person ofiirege mufiirege
    third person 1/2 afiirege bafiirege
    3/4 gufiirege efiirege
    5/6 lifiirege gafiirege
    7/8 kifiirege bifiirege
    9/10 efiirege zifiirege
    11/10 rufiirege
    12/14 kafiirege bufiirege
    13 — tufiirege
    14/6 bufiirege gafiirege
    15/6 kufiirege
    16 hafiirege —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -fiirege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinfiirege titufiirege
    second person tofiirege timufiirege
    third person 1/2 tafiirege tibafiirege
    3/4 tigufiirege tefiirege
    5/6 tirifiirege tigafiirege
    7/8 tikifiirege tibifiirege
    9/10 tefiirege tizifiirege
    11/10 tirufiirege
    12/14 tikafiirege tibufiirege
    13 — titufiirege
    14/6 tibufiirege tigafiirege
    15/6 tikufiirege
    16 tihafiirege —
    		subject concord + -tafiirege
    remote past affirmative
    subject concord + -kafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nkafa tukafa
    second person okafa mukafa
    third person 1/2 akafa bakafa
    3/4 gukafa ekafa
    5/6 likafa gakafa
    7/8 kikafa bikafa
    9/10 ekafa zikafa
    11/10 rukafa
    12/14 kakafa bukafa
    13 — tukafa
    14/6 bukafa gakafa
    15/6 kukafa
    16 hakafa —
    		subject concord + -afiire
    negative
    subject concord + -tafe
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntafe tutafe
    second person otafe mutafe
    third person 1/2 atafe batafe
    3/4 gutafe etafe
    5/6 litafe gatafe
    7/8 kitafe bitafe
    9/10 etafe ziitafe
    11/10 rutafe
    12/14 katafe butafe
    13 — tutafe
    14/6 butafe gatafe
    15/6 kutafe
    16 hatafe —
    		subject concord + -tarafiire
    experiential perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -rafiire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndafiire turafiire
    second person orafiire murafiire
    third person 1/2 arafiire barafiire
    3/4 gurafiire erafiire
    5/6 lirafiire garafiire
    7/8 kirafiire birafiire
    9/10 erafiire zirafiire
    11/10 rurafiire
    12/14 karafiire burafiire
    13 — turafiire
    14/6 burafiire garafiire
    15/6 kurafiire
    16 harafiire —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kafaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkafaaga titukafaaga
    second person tokafaaga timukafaaga
    third person 1/2 takafaaga tibakafaaga
    3/4 tigukafaaga tekafaaga
    5/6 tirikafaaga tigakafaaga
    7/8 tikikafaaga tibikafaaga
    9/10 tekafaaga tizikafaaga
    11/10 tirukafaaga
    12/14 tikakafaaga tibukafaaga
    13 — titukafaaga
    14/6 tibukafaaga tigakafaaga
    15/6 tikukafaaga
    16 tihakafaaga —
    		subject concord + -takafaaga
    cessative perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -aafiire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naafiire twafiire
    second person waafiire mwafiire
    third person 1/2 yaafiire baafiire
    3/4 gwafiire yaafiire
    5/6 lyafiire gaafiire
    7/8 kyafiire byafiire
    9/10 yaafiire zaafiire
    11/10 rwafiire
    12/14 kaafiire bwafiire
    13 — twafiire
    14/6 bwafiire gaafiire
    15/6 kwafiire
    16 haafiire —
    past habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -afaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nafaaga twafaaga
    second person wafaaga mwafaaga
    third person 1/2 yafaaga baafaaga
    3/4 gwafaaga yafaaga
    5/6 lyafaaga gaafaaga
    7/8 kyafaaga byafaaga
    9/10 yafaaga zaafaaga
    11/10 rwafaaga
    12/14 kaafaaga bwafaaga
    13 — twafaaga
    14/6 bwafaaga gaafaaga
    15/6 kwafaaga
    16 haafaaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + afaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinafaaga titwafaaga
    second person tiwafaaga timwafaaga
    third person 1/2 tiyafaaga tibaafaaga
    3/4 tigwafaaga tiyafaaga
    5/6 tiryafaaga tigaafaaga
    7/8 tikyafaaga tibyafaaga
    9/10 tiyafaaga tizaafaaga
    11/10 tirwafaaga
    12/14 tikaafaaga tibwafaaga
    13 — titwafaaga
    14/6 tibwafaaga tigaafaaga
    15/6 tikwafaaga
    16 tihaafaaga —
    		subject concord + -taafaaga
    near future affirmative
    subject concord + -raafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaafa turaafa
    second person oraafa muraafa
    third person 1/2 araafa baraafa
    3/4 guraafa eraafa
    5/6 liraafa garaafa
    7/8 kiraafa biraafa
    9/10 eraafa ziraafa
    11/10 ruraafa
    12/14 karaafa buraafa
    13 — turaafa
    14/6 buraafa garaafa
    15/6 kuraafa
    16 haraafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aafe
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaafe titwafe
    second person tiwaafe timwafe
    third person 1/2 tiyaafe tibaafe
    3/4 tigwafe tiyaafe
    5/6 tiryafe tigaafe
    7/8 tikyafe tibyafe
    9/10 tiyaafe tizaafe
    11/10 tirwafe
    12/14 tikaafe tibwafe
    13 — titwafe
    14/6 tibwafe tigaafe
    15/6 tikwafe
    16 tihaafe —
    		subject concord + -taafe
    remote future affirmative
    subject concord + -lifa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndifa tulifa
    second person olifa mulifa
    third person 1/2 alifa balifa
    3/4 gulifa erifa
    5/6 lirifa galifa
    7/8 kirifa birifa
    9/10 erifa zirifa
    11/10 rulifa
    12/14 kalifa bulifa
    13 — tulifa
    14/6 bulifa galifa
    15/6 kulifa
    16 halifa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -lifa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindifa titulifa
    second person tolifa timulifa
    third person 1/2 talifa tibalifa
    3/4 tigulifa terifa
    5/6 tiririfa tigalifa
    7/8 tikirifa tibirifa
    9/10 terifa tizirifa
    11/10 tirulifa
    12/14 tikalifa tibulifa
    13 — titulifa
    14/6 tibulifa tigalifa
    15/6 tikulifa
    16 tihalifa —
    		subject concord + -talifa
    future habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -raafaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaafaaga turaafaaga
    second person oraafaaga muraafaaga
    third person 1/2 araafaaga baraafaaga
    3/4 guraafaaga eraafaaga
    5/6 liraafaaga garaafaaga
    7/8 kiraafaaga biraafaaga
    9/10 eraafaaga ziraafaaga
    11/10 ruraafaaga
    12/14 karaafaaga buraafaaga
    13 — turaafaaga
    14/6 buraafaaga garaafaaga
    15/6 kuraafaaga
    16 haraafaaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aafeege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaafeege titwafeege
    second person tiwaafeege timwafeege
    third person 1/2 tiyaafeege tibaafeege
    3/4 tigwafeege tiyaafeege
    5/6 tiryafeege tigaafeege
    7/8 tikyafeege tibyafeege
    9/10 tiyaafeege tizaafeege
    11/10 tirwafeege
    12/14 tikaafeege tibwafeege
    13 — titwafeege
    14/6 tibwafeege tigaafeege
    15/6 tikwafeege
    16 tihaafeege —
    		subject concord + -taafeege
    subjunctive affirmative
    subject concord + fe
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfe tufe
    second person ofe mufe
    third person 1/2 afe bafe
    3/4 gufe efe
    5/6 life gafe
    7/8 kife bife
    9/10 efe zife
    11/10 rufe
    12/14 kafe bufe
    13 — tufe
    14/6 bufe gafe
    15/6 kufe
    16 hafe —
    negative
    subject concord + -tafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntafa tutafa
    second person otafa mutafa
    third person 1/2 atafa batafa
    3/4 gutafa etafa
    5/6 litafa gatafa
    7/8 kitafa bitafa
    9/10 etafa zitafa
    11/10 rutafa
    12/14 katafa butafa
    13 — tutafa
    14/6 butafa gatafa
    15/6 kutafa
    16 hatafa —
    		—
    subjunctive habitual affirmative
    subject concord + feege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfeege tufeege
    second person ofeege mufeege
    third person 1/2 afeege bafeege
    3/4 gufeege efeege
    5/6 lifeege gafeege
    7/8 kifeege bifeege
    9/10 efeege zifeege
    11/10 rufeege
    12/14 kafeege bufeege
    13 — tufeege
    14/6 bufeege gafeege
    15/6 kufeege
    16 hafeege —
    hypothetical affirmative
    subject concord + -aakufa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakufa twakufa
    second person waakufa mwakufa
    third person 1/2 yaakufa baakufa
    3/4 gwakufa yaakufa
    5/6 lyakufa gaakufa
    7/8 kyakufa byakufa
    9/10 yaakufa zaakufa
    11/10 rwakufa
    12/14 kaakufa bwakufa
    13 — twakufa
    14/6 bwakufa gaakufa
    15/6 kwakufa
    16 haakufa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakufa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakufa titwakufa
    second person tiwaakufa timwakufa
    third person 1/2 tiyaakufa tibaakufa
    3/4 tigwakufa tiyaakufa
    5/6 tiryakufa tigaakufa
    7/8 tikyakufa tibyakufa
    9/10 tiyaakufa tizaakufa
    11/10 tirwakufa
    12/14 tikaakufa tibwakufa
    13 — titwakufa
    14/6 tibwakufa tigaakufa
    15/6 tikwakufa
    16 tihaakufa —
    		subject concord + -taakufa
    conditional affirmative
    subject concord + -aakufiire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakufiire twakufiire
    second person waakufiire mwakufiire
    third person 1/2 yaakufiire baakufiire
    3/4 gwakufiire yaakufiire
    5/6 lyakufiire gaakufiire
    7/8 kyakufiire byakufiire
    9/10 yaakufiire zaakufiire
    11/10 rwakufiire
    12/14 kaakufiire bwakufiire
    13 — twakufiire
    14/6 bwakufiire gaakufiire
    15/6 kwakufiire
    16 haakufiire —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakufiire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakufiire titwakufiire
    second person tiwaakufiire timwakufiire
    third person 1/2 tiyaakufiire tibaakufiire
    3/4 tigwakufiire tiyaakufiire
    5/6 tiryakufiire tigaakufiire
    7/8 tikyakufiire tibyakufiire
    9/10 tiyaakufiire tizaakufiire
    11/10 tirwakufiire
    12/14 tikaakufiire tibwakufiire
    13 — titwakufiire
    14/6 tibwakufiire tigaakufiire
    15/6 tikwakufiire
    16 tihaakufiire —
    		subject concord + -taakufiire
    object concords
    person noun class singular plural
    first person -nfa -tufa
    second person -kufa -bafa
    third person 1/2 -mufa
    3/4 -gufa -gifa
    5/6 -lifa -gafa
    7/8 -kifa -bifa
    9/10 -gifa -zifa
    11/10 -rufa
    12/14 -kafa -bufa
    13 — -tufa
    14/6 -bufa -gafa
    15/6 -kufa
    16 -hafa —

    1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

    With -fwire:

    Conjugation of -fa
    infinitives
    affirmative okufa
    negative okutafa
    imperatives
    affirmative fa
    negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
    tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
    present habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -fa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfa tufa
    second person ofa mufa
    third person 1/2 afa bafa
    3/4 gufa efa
    5/6 lifa gafa
    7/8 kifa bifa
    9/10 efa zifa
    11/10 rufa
    12/14 kafa bufa
    13 — tufa
    14/6 bufa gafa
    15/6 kufa
    16 hafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -fa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinfa titufa
    second person tofa timufa
    third person 1/2 tafa tibafa
    3/4 tigufa tefa
    5/6 tirifa tigafa
    7/8 tikifa tibifa
    9/10 tefa tizifa
    11/10 tirufa
    12/14 tikafa tibufa
    13 — titufa
    14/6 tibufa tigafa
    15/6 tikufa
    16 tihafa —
    		subject concord + -tafa
    present continuous affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -fa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ninfa nitufa
    second person noofa nimufa
    third person 1/2 naafa nibafa
    3/4 nigufa neefa
    5/6 nirifa nigafa
    7/8 nikifa nibifa
    9/10 neefa nizifa
    11/10 nirufa
    12/14 nikafa nibufa
    13 — nitufa
    14/6 nibufa nigafa
    15/6 nikufa
    16 nihafa —
    		subject concord + -rukufa
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -rukufa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindukufa titurukufa
    second person torukufa timurukufa
    third person 1/2 tarukufa tibarukufa
    3/4 tigurukufa terukufa
    5/6 tirirukufa tigarukufa
    7/8 tikirukufa tibirukufa
    9/10 terukufa tizirukufa
    11/10 tirurukufa
    12/14 tikarukufa tiburukufa
    13 — titurukufa
    14/6 tiburukufa tigarukufa
    15/6 tikurukufa
    16 tiharukufa —
    		subject concord + -tarukufa
    present continuative affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -kyafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ninkyafa nitukyafa
    second person nookyafa nimukyafa
    third person 1/2 naakyafa nibakyafa
    3/4 nigukyafa neekyafa
    5/6 nirikyafa nigakyafa
    7/8 nikikyafa nibikyafa
    9/10 neekyafa nizikyafa
    11/10 nirukyafa
    12/14 nikakyafa nibukyafa
    13 — nitukyafa
    14/6 nibukyafa nigakyafa
    15/6 nikukyafa
    16 nihakyafa —
    		subject concord + -rukukyafa
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kyafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkyafa titukyafa
    second person tokyafa timukyafa
    third person 1/2 takyafa tibakyafa
    3/4 tigukyafa tekyafa
    5/6 tirikyafa tigakyafa
    7/8 tikikyafa tibikyafa
    9/10 tekyafa tizikyafa
    11/10 tirukyafa
    12/14 tikakyafa tibukyafa
    13 — titukyafa
    14/6 tibukyafa tigakyafa
    15/6 tikukyafa
    16 tihakyafa —
    		subject concord + -takyafa
    virtual present affirmative
    subject concord + -afa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nafa twafa
    second person wafa mwafa
    third person 1/2 yafa baafa
    3/4 gwafa yafa
    5/6 lyafa gaafa
    7/8 kyafa byafa
    9/10 yafa zaafa
    11/10 rwafa
    12/14 kaafa bwafa
    13 — twafa
    14/6 bwafa gaafa
    15/6 kwafa
    16 haafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + afa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinafa titwafa
    second person tiwafa timwafa
    third person 1/2 tiyafa tibaafa
    3/4 tigwafa tiyafa
    5/6 tiryafa tigaafa
    7/8 tikyafa tibyafa
    9/10 tiyafa tizaafa
    11/10 tirwafa
    12/14 tikaafa tibwafa
    13 — titwafa
    14/6 tibwafa tigaafa
    15/6 tikwafa
    16 tihaafa —
    		subject concord + -taafa
    present perfect affirmative
    subject concord + -fwire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfwire tufwire
    second person ofwire mufwire
    third person 1/2 afwire bafwire
    3/4 gufwire efwire
    5/6 lifwire gafwire
    7/8 kifwire bifwire
    9/10 efwire zifwire
    11/10 rufwire
    12/14 kafwire bufwire
    13 — tufwire
    14/6 bufwire gafwire
    15/6 kufwire
    16 hafwire —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -fwire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinfwire titufwire
    second person tofwire timufwire
    third person 1/2 tafwire tibafwire
    3/4 tigufwire tefwire
    5/6 tirifwire tigafwire
    7/8 tikifwire tibifwire
    9/10 tefwire tizifwire
    11/10 tirufwire
    12/14 tikafwire tibufwire
    13 — titufwire
    14/6 tibufwire tigafwire
    15/6 tikufwire
    16 tihafwire —
    		subject concord + -tafwire
    near perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -akafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nakafa twakafa
    second person wakafa mwakafa
    third person 1/2 yakafa baakafa
    3/4 gwakafa yakafa
    5/6 lyakafa gaakafa
    7/8 kyakafa byakafa
    9/10 yakafa zaakafa
    11/10 rwakafa
    12/14 kaakafa bwakafa
    13 — twakafa
    14/6 bwakafa gaakafa
    15/6 kwakafa
    16 haakafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kafwire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkafwire titukafwire
    second person tokafwire timukafwire
    third person 1/2 takafwire tibakafwire
    3/4 tigukafwire tekafwire
    5/6 tirikafwire tigakafwire
    7/8 tikikafwire tibikafwire
    9/10 tekafwire tizikafwire
    11/10 tirukafwire
    12/14 tikakafwire tibukafwire
    13 — titukafwire
    14/6 tibukafwire tigakafwire
    15/6 tikukafwire
    16 tihakafwire —
    		subject concord + -takafwire
    near past affirmative
    subject concord + -fwirege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfwirege tufwirege
    second person ofwirege mufwirege
    third person 1/2 afwirege bafwirege
    3/4 gufwirege efwirege
    5/6 lifwirege gafwirege
    7/8 kifwirege bifwirege
    9/10 efwirege zifwirege
    11/10 rufwirege
    12/14 kafwirege bufwirege
    13 — tufwirege
    14/6 bufwirege gafwirege
    15/6 kufwirege
    16 hafwirege —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -fwirege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinfwirege titufwirege
    second person tofwirege timufwirege
    third person 1/2 tafwirege tibafwirege
    3/4 tigufwirege tefwirege
    5/6 tirifwirege tigafwirege
    7/8 tikifwirege tibifwirege
    9/10 tefwirege tizifwirege
    11/10 tirufwirege
    12/14 tikafwirege tibufwirege
    13 — titufwirege
    14/6 tibufwirege tigafwirege
    15/6 tikufwirege
    16 tihafwirege —
    		subject concord + -tafwirege
    remote past affirmative
    subject concord + -kafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nkafa tukafa
    second person okafa mukafa
    third person 1/2 akafa bakafa
    3/4 gukafa ekafa
    5/6 likafa gakafa
    7/8 kikafa bikafa
    9/10 ekafa zikafa
    11/10 rukafa
    12/14 kakafa bukafa
    13 — tukafa
    14/6 bukafa gakafa
    15/6 kukafa
    16 hakafa —
    		subject concord + -afwire
    negative
    subject concord + -tafe
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntafe tutafe
    second person otafe mutafe
    third person 1/2 atafe batafe
    3/4 gutafe etafe
    5/6 litafe gatafe
    7/8 kitafe bitafe
    9/10 etafe ziitafe
    11/10 rutafe
    12/14 katafe butafe
    13 — tutafe
    14/6 butafe gatafe
    15/6 kutafe
    16 hatafe —
    		subject concord + -tarafwire
    experiential perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -rafwire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndafwire turafwire
    second person orafwire murafwire
    third person 1/2 arafwire barafwire
    3/4 gurafwire erafwire
    5/6 lirafwire garafwire
    7/8 kirafwire birafwire
    9/10 erafwire zirafwire
    11/10 rurafwire
    12/14 karafwire burafwire
    13 — turafwire
    14/6 burafwire garafwire
    15/6 kurafwire
    16 harafwire —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kafaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkafaaga titukafaaga
    second person tokafaaga timukafaaga
    third person 1/2 takafaaga tibakafaaga
    3/4 tigukafaaga tekafaaga
    5/6 tirikafaaga tigakafaaga
    7/8 tikikafaaga tibikafaaga
    9/10 tekafaaga tizikafaaga
    11/10 tirukafaaga
    12/14 tikakafaaga tibukafaaga
    13 — titukafaaga
    14/6 tibukafaaga tigakafaaga
    15/6 tikukafaaga
    16 tihakafaaga —
    		subject concord + -takafaaga
    cessative perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -aafwire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naafwire twafwire
    second person waafwire mwafwire
    third person 1/2 yaafwire baafwire
    3/4 gwafwire yaafwire
    5/6 lyafwire gaafwire
    7/8 kyafwire byafwire
    9/10 yaafwire zaafwire
    11/10 rwafwire
    12/14 kaafwire bwafwire
    13 — twafwire
    14/6 bwafwire gaafwire
    15/6 kwafwire
    16 haafwire —
    past habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -afaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nafaaga twafaaga
    second person wafaaga mwafaaga
    third person 1/2 yafaaga baafaaga
    3/4 gwafaaga yafaaga
    5/6 lyafaaga gaafaaga
    7/8 kyafaaga byafaaga
    9/10 yafaaga zaafaaga
    11/10 rwafaaga
    12/14 kaafaaga bwafaaga
    13 — twafaaga
    14/6 bwafaaga gaafaaga
    15/6 kwafaaga
    16 haafaaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + afaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinafaaga titwafaaga
    second person tiwafaaga timwafaaga
    third person 1/2 tiyafaaga tibaafaaga
    3/4 tigwafaaga tiyafaaga
    5/6 tiryafaaga tigaafaaga
    7/8 tikyafaaga tibyafaaga
    9/10 tiyafaaga tizaafaaga
    11/10 tirwafaaga
    12/14 tikaafaaga tibwafaaga
    13 — titwafaaga
    14/6 tibwafaaga tigaafaaga
    15/6 tikwafaaga
    16 tihaafaaga —
    		subject concord + -taafaaga
    near future affirmative
    subject concord + -raafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaafa turaafa
    second person oraafa muraafa
    third person 1/2 araafa baraafa
    3/4 guraafa eraafa
    5/6 liraafa garaafa
    7/8 kiraafa biraafa
    9/10 eraafa ziraafa
    11/10 ruraafa
    12/14 karaafa buraafa
    13 — turaafa
    14/6 buraafa garaafa
    15/6 kuraafa
    16 haraafa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aafe
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaafe titwafe
    second person tiwaafe timwafe
    third person 1/2 tiyaafe tibaafe
    3/4 tigwafe tiyaafe
    5/6 tiryafe tigaafe
    7/8 tikyafe tibyafe
    9/10 tiyaafe tizaafe
    11/10 tirwafe
    12/14 tikaafe tibwafe
    13 — titwafe
    14/6 tibwafe tigaafe
    15/6 tikwafe
    16 tihaafe —
    		subject concord + -taafe
    remote future affirmative
    subject concord + -lifa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndifa tulifa
    second person olifa mulifa
    third person 1/2 alifa balifa
    3/4 gulifa erifa
    5/6 lirifa galifa
    7/8 kirifa birifa
    9/10 erifa zirifa
    11/10 rulifa
    12/14 kalifa bulifa
    13 — tulifa
    14/6 bulifa galifa
    15/6 kulifa
    16 halifa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -lifa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindifa titulifa
    second person tolifa timulifa
    third person 1/2 talifa tibalifa
    3/4 tigulifa terifa
    5/6 tiririfa tigalifa
    7/8 tikirifa tibirifa
    9/10 terifa tizirifa
    11/10 tirulifa
    12/14 tikalifa tibulifa
    13 — titulifa
    14/6 tibulifa tigalifa
    15/6 tikulifa
    16 tihalifa —
    		subject concord + -talifa
    future habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -raafaaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaafaaga turaafaaga
    second person oraafaaga muraafaaga
    third person 1/2 araafaaga baraafaaga
    3/4 guraafaaga eraafaaga
    5/6 liraafaaga garaafaaga
    7/8 kiraafaaga biraafaaga
    9/10 eraafaaga ziraafaaga
    11/10 ruraafaaga
    12/14 karaafaaga buraafaaga
    13 — turaafaaga
    14/6 buraafaaga garaafaaga
    15/6 kuraafaaga
    16 haraafaaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aafeege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaafeege titwafeege
    second person tiwaafeege timwafeege
    third person 1/2 tiyaafeege tibaafeege
    3/4 tigwafeege tiyaafeege
    5/6 tiryafeege tigaafeege
    7/8 tikyafeege tibyafeege
    9/10 tiyaafeege tizaafeege
    11/10 tirwafeege
    12/14 tikaafeege tibwafeege
    13 — titwafeege
    14/6 tibwafeege tigaafeege
    15/6 tikwafeege
    16 tihaafeege —
    		subject concord + -taafeege
    subjunctive affirmative
    subject concord + fe
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfe tufe
    second person ofe mufe
    third person 1/2 afe bafe
    3/4 gufe efe
    5/6 life gafe
    7/8 kife bife
    9/10 efe zife
    11/10 rufe
    12/14 kafe bufe
    13 — tufe
    14/6 bufe gafe
    15/6 kufe
    16 hafe —
    negative
    subject concord + -tafa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntafa tutafa
    second person otafa mutafa
    third person 1/2 atafa batafa
    3/4 gutafa etafa
    5/6 litafa gatafa
    7/8 kitafa bitafa
    9/10 etafa zitafa
    11/10 rutafa
    12/14 katafa butafa
    13 — tutafa
    14/6 butafa gatafa
    15/6 kutafa
    16 hatafa —
    		—
    subjunctive habitual affirmative
    subject concord + feege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nfeege tufeege
    second person ofeege mufeege
    third person 1/2 afeege bafeege
    3/4 gufeege efeege
    5/6 lifeege gafeege
    7/8 kifeege bifeege
    9/10 efeege zifeege
    11/10 rufeege
    12/14 kafeege bufeege
    13 — tufeege
    14/6 bufeege gafeege
    15/6 kufeege
    16 hafeege —
    hypothetical affirmative
    subject concord + -aakufa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakufa twakufa
    second person waakufa mwakufa
    third person 1/2 yaakufa baakufa
    3/4 gwakufa yaakufa
    5/6 lyakufa gaakufa
    7/8 kyakufa byakufa
    9/10 yaakufa zaakufa
    11/10 rwakufa
    12/14 kaakufa bwakufa
    13 — twakufa
    14/6 bwakufa gaakufa
    15/6 kwakufa
    16 haakufa —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakufa
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakufa titwakufa
    second person tiwaakufa timwakufa
    third person 1/2 tiyaakufa tibaakufa
    3/4 tigwakufa tiyaakufa
    5/6 tiryakufa tigaakufa
    7/8 tikyakufa tibyakufa
    9/10 tiyaakufa tizaakufa
    11/10 tirwakufa
    12/14 tikaakufa tibwakufa
    13 — titwakufa
    14/6 tibwakufa tigaakufa
    15/6 tikwakufa
    16 tihaakufa —
    		subject concord + -taakufa
    conditional affirmative
    subject concord + -aakufwire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakufwire twakufwire
    second person waakufwire mwakufwire
    third person 1/2 yaakufwire baakufwire
    3/4 gwakufwire yaakufwire
    5/6 lyakufwire gaakufwire
    7/8 kyakufwire byakufwire
    9/10 yaakufwire zaakufwire
    11/10 rwakufwire
    12/14 kaakufwire bwakufwire
    13 — twakufwire
    14/6 bwakufwire gaakufwire
    15/6 kwakufwire
    16 haakufwire —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakufwire
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakufwire titwakufwire
    second person tiwaakufwire timwakufwire
    third person 1/2 tiyaakufwire tibaakufwire
    3/4 tigwakufwire tiyaakufwire
    5/6 tiryakufwire tigaakufwire
    7/8 tikyakufwire tibyakufwire
    9/10 tiyaakufwire tizaakufwire
    11/10 tirwakufwire
    12/14 tikaakufwire tibwakufwire
    13 — titwakufwire
    14/6 tibwakufwire tigaakufwire
    15/6 tikwakufwire
    16 tihaakufwire —
    		subject concord + -taakufwire
    object concords
    person noun class singular plural
    first person -nfa -tufa
    second person -kufa -bafa
    third person 1/2 -mufa
    3/4 -gufa -gifa
    5/6 -lifa -gafa
    7/8 -kifa -bifa
    9/10 -gifa -zifa
    11/10 -rufa
    12/14 -kafa -bufa
    13 — -tufa
    14/6 -bufa -gafa
    15/6 -kufa
    16 -hafa —

    1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


    Derived terms

    [edit]
    • Verbal derivations:
    • Nominal derivations:

    References

    [edit]
    • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[8], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 269
    • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[9], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 96

    Tsonga

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

    Verb

    [edit]

    fa

    1. to die

    Turkish

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Italian fa

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    fa (definite accusative fayı, plural falar)

    2. (music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
    3. F (musical note or key)

    Tuvaluan

    [edit]
    Tuvaluan cardinal numbers
     <  3 4 5  > 
        Cardinal : fa

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

    Numeral

    [edit]

    fa

    1. four

    Venda

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

    Verb

    [edit]

    fa

    1. to die

    Venetan

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    fa m (invariable)

    1. (music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
    2. F (musical note or key)

    Adverb

    [edit]

    fa

    1. as, like

    Volapük

    [edit]

    Preposition

    [edit]

    fa

    1. by (indicating an agent)

    West Makian

    [edit]

    Conjunction

    [edit]

    fa

    1. or
      win edeng fa iunge ― two days or three

    References

    [edit]
    • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[10], Pacific linguistics

    Woleaian

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Micronesian *faasa.

    Noun

    [edit]

    fa

    1. string, cord, band, lace
      Gasi faa yeel!
      Take this string!

    References

    [edit]
    • Sohn, Ho-Mihn; Tawerilmang, Anthony F. (1976), “fa”, in Woleaian-English Dictionary‎[11], Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 17

    Wuvulu-Aua

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

    Numeral

    [edit]

    fa

    1. four

    Xhosa

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    -fá

    1. (intransitive) to die

    Inflection

    [edit]

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Yoruba

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    fà

    1. (transitive, intransitive) to pull
      mo fa aṣọ ― I pulled the clothes
    2. (transitive) to suck
    3. (intransitive) to subside, to reduce
      eéwó t'ó wú ti fà ― The boil that was swollen has reduced
    4. to draw, to sketch
      ó fa ìlà sórí ìwé ― He drew a line on the piece of paper
    5. to become sluggish
      ọ̀lẹ́ fà tìì lẹ́nu iṣẹ́ ― The lazy person was sluggish at work
    6. to be elastic, to be mucilaginous (as a soup or stew), to draw
      Synonym: yọ̀
      ọbẹ̀ ewédú náàá fà ― This ewedu soup is mucilaginous
    7. (intransitive) to crawl
      bí ìgbín fà, ìkarahun á tẹ̀lé e ― When the snail crawls its shell shall follow it
    8. (transitive) to cause, to bring about
      ìyà púpọ̀ ni ó fa ẹkún ― Too much suffering is the cause of weeping
    9. (transitive) to long for
      ọkàn àwọn ọmọ́ fà mí ― I longed for those children
    Usage notes
    [edit]
    • fa before a direct object
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Yoruba varieties and languages: fà (“to pull, cause”)
    view map; edit data
    Language familyVariety groupVariety/languageSubdialectLocationWords
    Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÀofà
    Ìdóànífà
    Eastern Àkókófà
    Ìkàrẹ́Ìkàrẹ́ Àkókó (Ùkàrẹ́)fà
    Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)fà
    Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)fà
    Ìjẹ̀búfà
    Ìjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdefà
    Rẹ́mọẸ̀pẹ́fà
    Ìkòròdúfà
    Ṣágámùfà
    Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)fà
    Òkìtìpupafà
    Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)fà
    Mahinfà
    Oǹdófà
    Oǹdófà
    Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)fà
    Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)fà
    Usẹnfà
    Usẹnfà
    Ìtsẹkírìfà (“to pull”), lẹ̀ghẹ̀ (“to cause, deceive”)
    Ìwẹrẹfà (“to pull”), lẹ̀ghẹ̀ (“to cause, deceive”)
    Olùkùmifà
    Ugbódùfà
    Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìfà
    Àkúrẹ́Àkúrẹ́fà
    Mọ̀bàỌ̀tùn Èkìtìfà
    Ifẹ̀ (Ufẹ̀)fà
    Ilé Ifẹ̀ (Ulé Ufẹ̀)fà
    Ìjẹ̀ṣà (Ùjẹ̀ṣà)fà
    Iléṣà (Uléṣà)fà
    Western Àkókófà
    Ọ̀gbàgì Àkókófà
    Northwest YorubaÀwórìfà
    Èbúté Mẹ́tàfà
    Ẹ̀gbáfà
    Abẹ́òkútafà
    Ẹ̀gbádòÌjàkáfà
    Èkófà
    Èkófà
    Ìbàdànfà
    Ìbàdànfà
    Ìbàràpáfà
    Igbó Òràfà
    Ìbọ̀lọ́fà
    Òṣogbo (Òsogbo)fà
    Ìgbómìnàfà
    Ìlá Ọ̀ràngúnfà
    Ìfẹ́lódùn LGAfà
    Ìrẹ́pọ̀dùn LGAfà
    Ìsin LGAfà
    Ìlọrinfà
    Ìlọrinfà
    OǹkóÒtùfà
    Ìwéré Iléfà
    Òkèhòfà
    Ìsẹ́yìnfà
    Ṣakífà
    Tedéfà
    Ìgbẹ́tìfà
    Ọ̀yọ́fà
    Ọ̀yọ́fà
    Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàfà
    Bɛ̀nɛ̀fà
    Northeast Yoruba/OkunOwéfà
    Kabbafà
    Ede languages/Southwest YorubaAnafà
    Sokodefà
    Cábɛ̀ɛ́Cábɛ̀ɛ́ (Ìdàdú)fà
    Tchaouroufà
    Ǹcà (Ìcà, Ìncà)fà
    Baàtɛfà
    Ìdàácàfà
    BeninIgbó Ìdàácà (Dasa Zunmɛ̀)fà
    Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-ÌjèỌ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/ÌjèÌkpòbɛ́fà
    Onigbolofà
    Kétu/ÀnàgóKétufà
    Ifɛ̀Akpáréfà
    Atakpamɛfà
    Bokofà
    Moretanfà
    Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)fà
    Kurafà
    Aledjo-Kourafà
    Awotébifà
    Partagofà
    Mɔ̄kɔ́léfà
    Kandifà
    Northern NagoKambolefà
    Manigrifà
    Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    fá

    1. (transitive) to scrape or wipe off
      alápatàá fá awọ náà ― The butcher wiped off the skin
    2. (transitive) to shave
      mo fá irun abíyá ― I shaved my armpit hair
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Zigula

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú- (“to die”). Cognate with Swahili -fa (“to die”), Chichewa -fa (“to die”), Rwanda-Rundi -pfa (“to die”), Tumbuka -fwa (“to die”), Yao (Africa) -wa (“to die”), Nyole (Uganda) -fa (“to die”), Lomwe -khwa (“to die”), Malawi Lomwe -khwa (“to die”).

    Verb

    [edit]

    -fa (infinitive kufa)

    1. to die
    2. to be dead
    3. to go out (of a fire)
    4. to be off (not properly functioning) (technology)
    5. to be dull (of sharp objects)

    Derived terms

    [edit]
    • -fira (“to die for someone”)

    References

    [edit]
    • Chizigula of Somalia Dictionary‎[12], SIL International, 2020

    Zulu

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    IPA(key): /fá/

    Verb

    [edit]

    -fá

    1. (intransitive) to die

    Inflection

    [edit]
    tone H (infinitive ukufa)
    positive negative
    infinitive ukufa ukungafi
    imperative
    simple + object concord
    singular yifa -fe
    plural yifani -feni
    present
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyafa, ngifa engifayo, engifa ngifa angifi engingafi ngingafi
    2nd singular uyafa, ufa ofayo, ofa ufa awufi ongafi ungafi
    1st plural siyafa, sifa esifayo, esifa sifa asifi esingafi singafi
    2nd plural niyafa, nifa enifayo, enifa nifa anifi eningafi ningafi
    class 1 uyafa, ufa ofayo, ofa efa akafi ongafi engafi
    class 2 bayafa, bafa abafayo, abafa befa abafi abangafi bengafi
    class 3 uyafa, ufa ofayo, ofa ufa awufi ongafi ungafi
    class 4 iyafa, ifa efayo, efa ifa ayifi engafi ingafi
    class 5 liyafa, lifa elifayo, elifa lifa alifi elingafi lingafi
    class 6 ayafa, afa afayo, afa efa awafi angafi engafi
    class 7 siyafa, sifa esifayo, esifa sifa asifi esingafi singafi
    class 8 ziyafa, zifa ezifayo, ezifa zifa azifi ezingafi zingafi
    class 9 iyafa, ifa efayo, efa ifa ayifi engafi ingafi
    class 10 ziyafa, zifa ezifayo, ezifa zifa azifi ezingafi zingafi
    class 11 luyafa, lufa olufayo, olufa lufa alufi olungafi lungafi
    class 14 buyafa, bufa obufayo, obufa bufa abufi obungafi bungafi
    class 15 kuyafa, kufa okufayo, okufa kufa akufi okungafi kungafi
    class 17 kuyafa, kufa okufayo, okufa kufa akufi okungafi kungafi
    recent past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngifile, ngifē engifile, engifē ngifile, ngifē angifanga engingafanga ngingafanga
    2nd singular ufile, ufē ofile, ofē ufile, ufē awufanga ongafanga ungafanga
    1st plural sifile, sifē esifile, esifē sifile, sifē asifanga esingafanga singafanga
    2nd plural nifile, nifē enifile, enifē nifile, nifē anifanga eningafanga ningafanga
    class 1 ufile, ufē ofile, ofē efile, efē akafanga ongafanga engafanga
    class 2 bafile, bafē abafile, abafē befile, befē abafanga abangafanga bengafanga
    class 3 ufile, ufē ofile, ofē ufile, ufē awufanga ongafanga ungafanga
    class 4 ifile, ifē efile, efē ifile, ifē ayifanga engafanga ingafanga
    class 5 lifile, lifē elifile, elifē lifile, lifē alifanga elingafanga lingafanga
    class 6 afile, afē afile, afē efile, efē awafanga angafanga engafanga
    class 7 sifile, sifē esifile, esifē sifile, sifē asifanga esingafanga singafanga
    class 8 zifile, zifē ezifile, ezifē zifile, zifē azifanga ezingafanga zingafanga
    class 9 ifile, ifē efile, efē ifile, ifē ayifanga engafanga ingafanga
    class 10 zifile, zifē ezifile, ezifē zifile, zifē azifanga ezingafanga zingafanga
    class 11 lufile, lufē olufile, olufē lufile, lufē alufanga olungafanga lungafanga
    class 14 bufile, bufē obufile, obufē bufile, bufē abufanga obungafanga bungafanga
    class 15 kufile, kufē okufile, okufē kufile, kufē akufanga okungafanga kungafanga
    class 17 kufile, kufē okufile, okufē kufile, kufē akufanga okungafanga kungafanga
    remote past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngāfa engāfa ngāfa angifanga engingafanga ngingafanga
    2nd singular wāfa owāfa wāfa awufanga ongafanga ungafanga
    1st plural sāfa esāfa sāfa asifanga esingafanga singafanga
    2nd plural nāfa enāfa nāfa anifanga eningafanga ningafanga
    class 1 wāfa owāfa āfa akafanga ongafanga engafanga
    class 2 bāfa abāfa bāfa abafanga abangafanga bengafanga
    class 3 wāfa owāfa wāfa awufanga ongafanga ungafanga
    class 4 yāfa eyāfa yāfa ayifanga engafanga ingafanga
    class 5 lāfa elāfa lāfa alifanga elingafanga lingafanga
    class 6 āfa āfa āfa awafanga angafanga engafanga
    class 7 sāfa esāfa sāfa asifanga esingafanga singafanga
    class 8 zāfa ezāfa zāfa azifanga ezingafanga zingafanga
    class 9 yāfa eyāfa yāfa ayifanga engafanga ingafanga
    class 10 zāfa ezāfa zāfa azifanga ezingafanga zingafanga
    class 11 lwāfa olwāfa lwāfa alufanga olungafanga lungafanga
    class 14 bāfa obāfa bāfa abufanga obungafanga bungafanga
    class 15 kwāfa okwāfa kwāfa akufanga okungafanga kungafanga
    class 17 kwāfa okwāfa kwāfa akufanga okungafanga kungafanga
    potential
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngingafa — ngingafa ngingefe — ngingefe
    2nd singular ungafa — ungafa ungefe — ungefe
    1st plural singafa — singafa singefe — singefe
    2nd plural ningafa — ningafa ningefe — ningefe
    class 1 angafa — engafa angefe — engefe
    class 2 bangafa — bengafa bangefe — bengefe
    class 3 ungafa — ungafa ungefe — ungefe
    class 4 ingafa — ingafa ingefe — ingefe
    class 5 lingafa — lingafa lingefe — lingefe
    class 6 angafa — engafa angefe — engefe
    class 7 singafa — singafa singefe — singefe
    class 8 zingafa — zingafa zingefe — zingefe
    class 9 ingafa — ingafa ingefe — ingefe
    class 10 zingafa — zingafa zingefe — zingefe
    class 11 lungafa — lungafa lungefe — lungefe
    class 14 bungafa — bungafa bungefe — bungefe
    class 15 kungafa — kungafa kungefe — kungefe
    class 17 kungafa — kungafa kungefe — kungefe
    immediate future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngizokufa engizokufa ngizokufa angizukufa engingezukufa ngingezukufa
    2nd singular uzokufa ozokufa uzokufa awuzukufa ongezukufa ungezukufa
    1st plural sizokufa esizokufa sizokufa asizukufa esingezukufa singezukufa
    2nd plural nizokufa enizokufa nizokufa anizukufa eningezukufa ningezukufa
    class 1 uzokufa ozokufa ezokufa akazukufa ongezukufa engezukufa
    class 2 bazokufa abazokufa bezokufa abazukufa abangezukufa bengezukufa
    class 3 uzokufa ozokufa uzokufa awuzukufa ongezukufa ungezukufa
    class 4 izokufa ezokufa izokufa ayizukufa engezukufa ingezukufa
    class 5 lizokufa elizokufa lizokufa alizukufa elingezukufa lingezukufa
    class 6 azokufa azokufa ezokufa awazukufa angezukufa engezukufa
    class 7 sizokufa esizokufa sizokufa asizukufa esingezukufa singezukufa
    class 8 zizokufa ezizokufa zizokufa azizukufa ezingezukufa zingezukufa
    class 9 izokufa ezokufa izokufa ayizukufa engezukufa ingezukufa
    class 10 zizokufa ezizokufa zizokufa azizukufa ezingezukufa zingezukufa
    class 11 luzokufa oluzokufa luzokufa aluzukufa olungezukufa lungezukufa
    class 14 buzokufa obuzokufa buzokufa abuzukufa obungezukufa bungezukufa
    class 15 kuzokufa okuzokufa kuzokufa akuzukufa okungezukufa kungezukufa
    class 17 kuzokufa okuzokufa kuzokufa akuzukufa okungezukufa kungezukufa
    remote future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyokufa engiyokufa ngiyokufa angiyukufa engingeyukufa ngingeyukufa
    2nd singular uyokufa oyokufa uyokufa awuyukufa ongeyukufa ungeyukufa
    1st plural siyokufa esiyokufa siyokufa asiyukufa esingeyukufa singeyukufa
    2nd plural niyokufa eniyokufa niyokufa aniyukufa eningeyukufa ningeyukufa
    class 1 uyokufa oyokufa eyokufa akayukufa ongeyukufa engeyukufa
    class 2 bayokufa abayokufa beyokufa abayukufa abangeyukufa bengeyukufa
    class 3 uyokufa oyokufa uyokufa awuyukufa ongeyukufa ungeyukufa
    class 4 iyokufa eyokufa iyokufa ayiyukufa engeyukufa ingeyukufa
    class 5 liyokufa eliyokufa liyokufa aliyukufa elingeyukufa lingeyukufa
    class 6 ayokufa ayokufa eyokufa awayukufa angeyukufa engeyukufa
    class 7 siyokufa esiyokufa siyokufa asiyukufa esingeyukufa singeyukufa
    class 8 ziyokufa eziyokufa ziyokufa aziyukufa ezingeyukufa zingeyukufa
    class 9 iyokufa eyokufa iyokufa ayiyukufa engeyukufa ingeyukufa
    class 10 ziyokufa eziyokufa ziyokufa aziyukufa ezingeyukufa zingeyukufa
    class 11 luyokufa oluyokufa luyokufa aluyukufa olungeyukufa lungeyukufa
    class 14 buyokufa obuyokufa buyokufa abuyukufa obungeyukufa bungeyukufa
    class 15 kuyokufa okuyokufa kuyokufa akuyukufa okungeyukufa kungeyukufa
    class 17 kuyokufa okuyokufa kuyokufa akuyukufa okungeyukufa kungeyukufa
    present subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngife ngingafi
    2nd singular ufe ungafi
    1st plural sife singafi
    2nd plural nife ningafi
    class 1 afe angafi
    class 2 bafe bangafi
    class 3 ufe ungafi
    class 4 ife ingafi
    class 5 life lingafi
    class 6 afe angafi
    class 7 sife singafi
    class 8 zife zingafi
    class 9 ife ingafi
    class 10 zife zingafi
    class 11 lufe lungafi
    class 14 bufe bungafi
    class 15 kufe kungafi
    class 17 kufe kungafi
    past subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngafa ngangafa, angafa, angangafa
    2nd singular wafa wangafa, awafa, awangafa
    1st plural safa sangafa, asafa, asangafa
    2nd plural nafa nangafa, anafa, anangafa
    class 1 wafa wangafa, akafa, akangafa
    class 2 bafa bangafa, abafa, abangafa
    class 3 wafa wangafa, awafa, awangafa
    class 4 yafa yangafa, ayafa, ayangafa
    class 5 lafa langafa, alafa, alangafa
    class 6 afa angafa, awafa, awangafa
    class 7 safa sangafa, asafa, asangafa
    class 8 zafa zangafa, azafa, azangafa
    class 9 yafa yangafa, ayafa, ayangafa
    class 10 zafa zangafa, azafa, azangafa
    class 11 lwafa lwangafa, alwafa, alwangafa
    class 14 bafa bangafa, abafa, abangafa
    class 15 kwafa kwangafa, akwafa, akwangafa
    class 17 kwafa kwangafa, akwafa, akwangafa

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
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