compleo

Latin

Alternative forms

conpleō

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-

Proto-Italic *plēō

Latin pleō

Latin compleō

From con- + pleō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkɔm.pɫe.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkɔm.ple.o]

Verb

compleō (present infinitive complēre, perfect active complēvī, supine complētum); second conjugation

to fill up, fill full, fill out; make up, complete
Synonyms: impleō, expleō, repleō, suppleō, cumulō, stīpō, imbuō

Antonyms: exhauriō, dēpleō, dēfundō

Pōculum complēvit et hausit. Aquam et vīnum miscuit. Collāpsus est. ― He filled the cup and drank it. He mixed water and wine. He collapsed.
to cover, overwhelm
to occupy, set up a garrison (military)
Synonyms: occupō, obsideō, possideō, obtineō, capiō, teneō, potior
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.12:
  inter Palatinum Capitolinumque collem [...] complesset
  occupied the ground between the Palatine Hill and the Capitoline
(with food or drink) to fill, sate; satisfy
to finish, complete
(of a promise) to fulfil

Conjugation

Conjugation of compleō (second conjugation)

indicative	singular	plural
first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	compleō	complēs	complet	complēmus	complētis	complent
imperfect	complēbam	complēbās	complēbat	complēbāmus	complēbātis	complēbant
future	complēbō	complēbis	complēbit	complēbimus	complēbitis	complēbunt
perfect	complēvī	complēvistī, complēstī¹	complēvit, complēt¹	complēvimus, complēmus¹	complēvistis, complēstis¹	complēvērunt, complērunt, complēvēre¹
pluperfect	complēveram, complēram¹	complēverās, complērās¹	complēverat, complērat¹	complēverāmus, complērāmus¹	complēverātis, complērātis¹	complēverant, complērant¹
future perfect	complēverō, complērō¹	complēveris, complēris¹	complēverit, complērit¹	complēverimus, complērimus¹	complēveritis, complēritis¹	complēverint, complērint¹
passive	present	compleor	complēris, complēre	complētur	complēmur	complēminī	complentur
imperfect	complēbar	complēbāris, complēbāre	complēbātur	complēbāmur	complēbāminī	complēbantur
future	complēbor	complēberis, complēbere	complēbitur	complēbimur	complēbiminī	complēbuntur
perfect	complētus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect	complētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect	complētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive	singular	plural
first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	compleam	compleās	compleat	compleāmus	compleātis	compleant
imperfect	complērem	complērēs	complēret	complērēmus	complērētis	complērent
perfect	complēverim, complērim¹	complēverīs, complērīs¹	complēverit, complērit¹	complēverīmus, complērīmus¹	complēverītis, complērītis¹	complēverint, complērint¹
pluperfect	complēvissem, complēssem¹	complēvissēs, complēssēs¹	complēvisset, complēsset¹	complēvissēmus, complēssēmus¹	complēvissētis, complēssētis¹	complēvissent, complēssent¹
passive	present	complear	compleāris, compleāre	compleātur	compleāmur	compleāminī	compleantur
imperfect	complērer	complērēris, complērēre	complērētur	complērēmur	complērēminī	complērentur
perfect	complētus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	complētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative	singular	plural
first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	complē	—	—	complēte	—
future	—	complētō	complētō	—	complētōte	complentō
passive	present	—	complēre	—	—	complēminī	—
future	—	complētor	complētor	—	—	complentor
non-finite forms	infinitive	participle
active	passive	active	passive
present	complēre	complērī	complēns	—
future	complētūrum esse	complētum īrī	complētūrus	complendus
perfect	complēvisse, complēsse¹	complētum esse	—	complētus
future perfect	—	complētum fore	—	—
perfect potential	complētūrum fuisse	—	—	—
verbal nouns	gerund	supine
genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
complendī	complendō	complendum	complendō	complētum	complētū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

(Note: all terms have the sense of "finish, complete".)

Insular Romance:
- Old Sassarese: clomper
  - Sassarese: zompere
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: compiere
- Neapolitan: cùnchiere (Calabria)
Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: compler
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *accomplēre
- Italo-Romance:
  - Italian: accompiere

Reflexes of an assumed variant *complīre:^[1]

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: lompiri (Campidanese)
Balkano-Romance:
- Romanian: cumpli
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: compire
- Sicilian: cùnchiri
- Venetan: conpir
  - →? Friulian: compî
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: complî
Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: cunpîr
- Ligurian: compî
- Piedmontese: conpì
- Romagnol: ciumpì
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: complir
- Franco-Provençal: complir, camplli (Savoyard)
- Occitan: complir
- Old French: complir (see there for further descendants)
Ibero-Romance: (conservative outcomes of /pl-/ ?)
- Aragonese: complir, cumplir, cumpllir
- Asturian: cumplir
- Old Galician-Portuguese: comprir
  - Galician: cumprir, comprir
  - Portuguese: cumprir
- Old Spanish: cumplir, complir
  - Ladino: cumplir, cumpler
  - Spanish: cumplir
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *accomplīre
- Italo-Romance:
  - Italian: accompire
- Gallo-Romance:
  - Catalan: acomplir
- Franco-Provençal: acomplir, aconpli (Bressan)
  - Occitan: acomplir
  - Old French: acomplir (see there for further descendants)

References

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “complere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 981

^ Grandgent, Charles Hall (1907), An Introduction to Vulgar Latin (Heath's Modern Language Series), D. C. Heath & Company, page 167