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Antisemitic political party

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An antisemitic political party[1][2] is a political party founded primarily or largely on the ideology of antisemitism. Historically, many parties have included antisemitic elements in their platforms, but this term is most specifically used to refer to a series of political organizations that made the "Jewish question" a central political issue to mobilize voters, particularly in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

By country

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Germany

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The term "antisemitic parties" (German: Antisemitenparteien) refers to several political parties in the German Empire (1871–1918) that established antisemitism as a core element of their party platform. Although they succeeded in winning a number of constituencies, they remained politically insignificant overall. These parties were heavily focused on economic policy and were primarily supported by Protestants in rural regions.

The individual antisemitic parties were successful in various regions and occasionally cooperated within the Reichstag. Following the 1893 German federal election, they formed a parliamentary group consisting of 16 deputies for the first time.[3]

From 1903 to 1918, the Economic Union (Wirtschaftliche Vereinigung) served as a parliamentary group that unified these deputies alongside other independent representatives.

The following are classified as antisemitic parties:

Other parties also held antisemitic positions (such as the German Conservative Party from 1892 onwards) or adopted antisemitic rhetoric after 1918. While additional parties may have had antisemites within their ranks or shared specific views with the antisemitic parties, they are generally not classified as part of this group.

The Jewish German-American political theorist Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) wrote regarding these parties:

What they sought was not a revolutionary reorganization of society, but the destruction of the political structure through a party; not, or at least not exclusively, the elimination of the Jews, but the 'instrument of antisemitism' for the elimination of the state as embodied in the nation-state."[4]

Iran

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Main article: Iranian principlists § Parties and organizations
See also: Conservatism in Iran and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel

The Principalists is dominant conservative political faction in Iran, have been characterized by scholars as promoting antisemitic ideologies under the guise of anti-Zionism. While officially distinguishing between Judaism and the "Zionist regime", the faction has frequently utilized classical antisemitic tropes and Holocaust denial as tools of statecraft.[5]

During the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a prominent figure in the Principalist camp, the Iranian government organized the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust in 2006, which invited numerous international Holocaust deniers. This event was analyzed by historian Meir Litvak as a systematic effort to delegitimize the State of Israel by attacking the historical reality of the Holocaust, thereby blending political anti-Zionism with racial and religious antisemitism.[6]

Furthermore, the Principalist base has been accused of spreading conspiracy theories found in The Protocols of the Elders of Zion through national coalition media and education, defining Jews as a global threat. Ali M. Ansari notes that this rhetoric is not merely a personal stance of individual leaders but represents a broader ideological framework within the Principalists used to mobilize its conservative constituency and maintain ideological purity against more moderate or Reformist rivals.[7]

Japan

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See also: Antisemitism in Japan

Japanese fascist or para-fascist parties in the 1930s to early 1940s, including Shakai Taishuto (since 1938), the Great Japan Youth Party, and Tōhōkai, were influenced by Germany's National Socialism. Their agitation was often mixed with anti-Semitic rhetoric.[8]

The major politicians of the far-right ultraconservative Sanseitō party, founded in 2020, use antisemitic rhetoric, highlighting and condemning the conflict between "Judeo-Christian" and "Japanese" civilizations.[9] That party claims that "Jewish international financial capital" has "effectively controlled Japan and targeted it for centuries".[10]

Lebanon

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See also: Ideology of Hezbollah § Attitudes, statements, and actions concerning Jews and Judaism

Palestine

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See also: Hamas § Allegations of antisemitism

While the 1988 Hamas charter was widely described as antisemitic,[11] Hamas's 2017 charter[12] removed the antisemitic language and declared Zionists, not Jews, the targets of their struggle.[13][14][15][16] Some sources maintain its condemnation of Zionists is antisemitic.[17][15]

List of antisemitic political parties

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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (February 2026)

Current parties

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Historical parties

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While some non-Nazi fascist parties did not initially prioritize antisemitism, several adopted it as a core ideological element during the mid-to-late 1930s, often coinciding with closer alignment with Nazi Germany.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Principlists are not an official political party, but together with Reformists, they form the two main political camps in Iran.

References

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  1. ^ "The Nazi Party". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 19 February 2026. The National Socialist German Workers' Party—also known as the Nazi Party—was the far-right racist and antisemitic political party led by Adolf Hitler.
  2. ^ Shulamit Volkov (September 5, 2023). Interpreting Antisemitism: Studies and Essays on the German Case. De Gruyter. p. 63. Pulzer, on the other hand, likewise dedicating his major effort to the study of the Antisemitic political parties, concluded by limiting their overall historical significance. Accordingly, Antisemitism remained a constant in Germany even if the decline of the parliamentary Antisemitic political parties in Imperial Germany appeared to be a closed issue.
  3. ^ Hermann Greive: Geschichte des modernen Antisemitismus in Deutschland. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1983, S. 70.
  4. ^ Hannah Arendt: The Origins of Totalitarianism, ISBN 3-492-21032-5, p. 105.
  5. ^ Matthias Küntzel (2014). Germany and Iran: From the Aryan Axis to the Nuclear Threshold. Telos Press Publishing.
  6. ^ Litvak, Meir (2006). "The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Holocaust: Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism". Journal of Israeli History. 25 (1): 267–284. doi:10.1080/13531040500503029.
  7. ^ Ali M. Ansari (2007). Iran Under Ahmadinejad: The Politics of Confrontation. Routledge. p. 158.
  8. ^ a b c d Christian W. Spang; Rolf-Harald Wippich, eds. (April 18, 2006). Japanese-German Relations, 1895-1945: War, Diplomacy and Public Opinion. Taylor & Francis. p. 186.
  9. ^ a b Beck, Atara (2022-07-12). "Japanese politician who railed against 'Jewish capital' wins parliamentary seat | World Israel News". WIN. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 2023-06-17.
  10. ^ "結党5年の参政党とは　秘密裏に社会動かす「影の政府」、代表が主張". 朝日新聞 (in Japanese). 16 July 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2026. 「あの勢力」とは「ユダヤ系の国際金融資本を中心とする複数の組織の総称」と説明。「欧米社会を実質的に支配して、数百年前から日本を標的にしている」と主張した。
  11. ^ Qossay Hamed (2023). Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation. IGI Global. p. 161.
  12. ^ HAMAS. "Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles & Policies" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists.
  13. ^ Seurat, Leila (2019). The Foreign Policy of Hamas. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9781838607449.
  14. ^ Amira, Hass (3 May 2017). "Why Hamas' New Charter Is Aimed at Palestinians, Not Israelis". Haaretz. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  15. ^ a b Timea Spitka (2023). National and International Civilian Protection Strategies in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Springer International Publishing. pp. 88–89.
  16. ^ "Khaled Meshaal: Struggle is against Israel, not Jews". Al-Jazeera. 6 May 2017. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  17. ^ Bruce Hoffman (10 October 2023). "Understanding Hamas's Genocidal Ideology". The Atlantic. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  18. ^ Robert Michael (March 31, 2008). A History of Catholic Antisemitism: The Dark Side of the Church. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 139. Action Française's hatred of Jews and Jewishness inspired Vichy's antisemitic legislation and linked the movement to the otherwise despised Germans.
  19. ^ Carvajal, Doreen (December 14, 2004). "French Court Orders a Ban on Hezbollah-Run TV Channel". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  20. ^ Kuzio, Taras (2021). "Disinformation Soviet Origins of Contemporary Russian Ukrainophobia". In Bertelsen, Olga (ed.). Russian Active Measures. ibidem-Verlag. p. 160. ISBN 9783838215297. Rodina (Motherland) party that espoused national Bolshevism (a curious blend of Russian nationalism and Soviet communism), Stalinism, anti-Semitism (anti-Zionism), and even racism
  21. ^ Payne, Stanley G. (1995), A History of Fascism, 1914–1945, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 58
  22. ^ Pauley, Bruce F. (1992), From Prejudice to Persecution: A History of Austrian Anti-Semitism, University of North Carolina Press, pp. 156–158
  23. ^ Wouters, Nico (2018). "Belgium". In Stahel, David (ed.). Joining Hitler's Crusade: European Nations and the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941. Cambridge University Press. pp. 260–287. ISBN 9781316510346.
  24. ^ Goldstein, Ivo; Goldstein, Slavko (2016). The Holocaust in Croatia. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 93. ISBN 9780822944515.
  25. ^ Kalman, Samuel (2013). French Colonial Fascism: The Extreme Right in Algeria 1919-1939. Palgrave Macmillan.
  26. ^ Weitz, Eric D. (2007). Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 95–96.
  27. ^ Evans, Richard J. (2004). The Coming of the Third Reich. Penguin Books. p. 95. ISBN 978-0143034698.
  28. ^ de Poncins, Leon (2015). The Secret Powers Behind Revolution: Freemasonry and Judaism. E World Inc. ISBN 978-1617590443.
  29. ^ Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
  30. ^ L' antisemitismo nella Repubblica Sociale Italiana. Repertorio delle fonti conservate all'Archivio centrale dello Stato, Libreria Universitaria
  31. ^ La Repubblica sociale italiana e la persecuzione degli ebrei
  32. ^ Crampton, R.J. (1994). Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century. London & New York: Routledge. p. 165.
  33. ^ Figes, Orlando (2014). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. London: The Bodley Head. p. 196. ISBN 9781847922915.
  34. ^ Rodríguez Jiménez, 2000, pp. 95-102.

Further reading

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  • Kurt Wawrzinek: Die Entstehung der deutschen Antisemitenparteien (1873–1890). Ebering, Berlin 1927 (= Historische Studien, Vol. 168; Dissertation, University of Breslau, 1926).
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