1916 United States presidential election in Indiana
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November 7, 1916
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| Turnout | 81.9%[1]  4.1 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 County Results
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| Elections in Indiana |
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A presidential election was held in Indiana on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. The Republican ticket of the former associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Charles Evans Hughes and the former vice president of the United States Charles W. Fairbanks defeated the Democratic ticket of the incumbent president of the United States Woodrow Wilson and the incumbent vice president Thomas R. Marshall. Wilson defeated Hughes in the national election with 277 electoral votes.[2]
Background
[edit]Partisan coalitions in Indiana at the turn of the century reflected the regional, ethnic, and religious roots of the settler population, with the descendants of White Southerners, German Americans, and Irish Americans (especially Catholics) voting reliably Democratic, while Yankees, Nordic and Scandinavian Americans, and British Americans favored the Republican Party. Southern Indiana leaned Democratic and Northern Indiana leaned Republican, in line with the loose correlation between ethnicity and geography. The state's notable concentration of German Catholics contributed to its closeness in presidential elections during the Third Party System relative to other Lower North states. William Jennings Bryan's 1896 presidential campaign saw the state move more securely into the Republican column, as German Catholics alienated by Bryan's outspoken Evangelicalism, conservatives unnerved by the candidate's agrarian radicalism, and urban workers frightened by threats of mass layoffs in the event of a Bryan victory voted Republican for the first time. Following this political realignment, Wilson became the only Democrat to carry Indiana during the Fourth Party System (1896–1932) in 1912. Republican strength remained greater in urban areas than in rural areas based on the strength of Republican urban political machines.[3]
Primary elections
[edit]Republican Party
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Charles W. Fairbanks | 176,078 | 100.00 | |
| Total votes | 176,078 | 100.00 |
Democratic Party
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Woodrow Wilson | 160,423 | 100.00 | |
| Total votes | 160,423 | 100.00 |
Progressive Party
[edit]No candidates filed to run in the Indiana Progressive presidential primary, and consequently no primary election was held.[5]
Socialist Party
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socialist | Allan L. Benson | 727 | 77.18 | |
| Socialist | James H. Maurer | 190 | 20.17 | |
| Socialist | Arthur LeSueur | 25 | 2.65 | |
| Total votes | 942 | 100.00 |
General election
[edit]Results
[edit]Indiana chose 15 electors on a statewide general ticket. State law required voters to elect each member of the Electoral College individually, rather than as a group.[7] This sometimes resulted in small differences in the number of votes cast for electors pledged to the same presidential candidate, if some voters did not vote for all the electors nominated by a party.[8] The following table quotes the official returns published by the secretary of state of Indiana, which list the votes for the first elector on each ticket.[9]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Charles Evans Hughes Charles W. Fairbanks |
341,004 | 47.43 | 24.32
| |
| Democratic | Woodrow Wilson Thomas R. Marshall |
334,263 | 46.49 | 3.42
| |
| Socialist | Allan L. Benson George Ross Kirkpatrick |
21,860 | 3.04 |  2.60
| |
| Prohibition | Frank Hanly Ira Landrith |
16,368 | 2.28 | 0.66
| |
| Progressive | N/A[a] John M. Parker |
3,898 | 0.54 | 24.21
| |
| Socialist Labor | Arthur E. Reimer Caleb Harrison |
1,593 | 0.22 | 0.26
| |
| Total votes | 718,986 | 100.00 |
Results by county
[edit]| County | Charles E. Hughes Republican |
Woodrow Wilson Democratic |
Allan L. Benson Socialist |
Frank Hanly Prohibition |
Others | Margin | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Adams | 1,796 | 36.83% | 2,875 | 58.96% | 23 | 0.47% | 171 | 3.51% | 11 | 0.23% | -1,079 | -22.13% | 4,876 |
| Allen | 10,169 | 46.03% | 9,470 | 42.87% | 1,003 | 4.54% | 421 | 1.91% | 1,027 | 4.65% | 699 | 3.16% | 22,090 |
| Bartholomew | 3,287 | 47.08% | 3,441 | 49.29% | 66 | 0.95% | 145 | 2.08% | 42 | 0.60% | -154 | -2.21% | 6,981 |
| Benton | 1,872 | 54.17% | 1,502 | 43.46% | 23 | 0.67% | 53 | 1.53% | 6 | 0.17% | 370 | 10.71% | 3,456 |
| Blackford | 1,595 | 43.04% | 1,867 | 50.38% | 105 | 2.83% | 126 | 3.40% | 13 | 0.35% | -272 | -7.34% | 3,706 |
| Boone | 3,333 | 46.97% | 3,513 | 49.51% | 82 | 1.16% | 125 | 1.76% | 43 | 0.61% | -180 | -2.54% | 7,096 |
| Brown | 506 | 31.72% | 1,046 | 65.58% | 10 | 0.63% | 31 | 1.94% | 2 | 0.13% | -540 | -33.86% | 1,595 |
| Carroll | 2,468 | 49.09% | 2,401 | 47.75% | 34 | 0.68% | 118 | 2.35% | 7 | 0.14% | 67 | 1.33% | 5,028 |
| Cass | 4,879 | 47.08% | 5,140 | 49.60% | 121 | 1.17% | 200 | 1.93% | 23 | 0.22% | -261 | -2.52% | 10,363 |
| Clark | 3,173 | 46.15% | 3,572 | 51.95% | 73 | 1.06% | 43 | 0.63% | 15 | 0.22% | -399 | -5.80% | 6,876 |
| Clay | 3,102 | 42.82% | 3,435 | 47.42% | 562 | 7.76% | 119 | 1.64% | 26 | 0.36% | -333 | -4.60% | 7,244 |
| Clinton | 3,638 | 47.76% | 3,662 | 48.07% | 119 | 1.56% | 184 | 2.42% | 15 | 0.20% | -24 | -0.32% | 7,618 |
| Crawford | 1,201 | 41.05% | 1,508 | 51.54% | 58 | 1.98% | 152 | 5.19% | 7 | 0.24% | -307 | -10.49% | 2,926 |
| Daviess | 3,191 | 47.56% | 3,143 | 46.84% | 210 | 3.13% | 128 | 1.91% | 38 | 0.57% | 48 | 0.72% | 6,710 |
| Dearborn | 2,318 | 42.18% | 3,010 | 54.78% | 62 | 1.13% | 97 | 1.77% | 8 | 0.15% | -692 | -12.59% | 5,495 |
| Decatur | 2,717 | 51.39% | 2,374 | 44.90% | 69 | 1.31% | 109 | 2.06% | 18 | 0.34% | 343 | 6.49% | 5,287 |
| DeKalb | 2,898 | 43.53% | 3,372 | 50.65% | 136 | 2.04% | 232 | 3.49% | 19 | 0.29% | -474 | -7.12% | 6,657 |
| Delaware | 6,919 | 50.24% | 5,946 | 43.18% | 432 | 3.14% | 407 | 2.96% | 67 | 0.49% | 973 | 7.07% | 13,771 |
| Dubois | 1,492 | 32.07% | 3,072 | 66.02% | 19 | 0.41% | 55 | 1.18% | 15 | 0.32% | -1,580 | -33.96% | 4,653 |
| Elkhart | 5,850 | 45.21% | 5,723 | 44.22% | 708 | 5.47% | 603 | 4.66% | 57 | 0.44% | 127 | 0.98% | 12,941 |
| Fayette | 2,360 | 51.51% | 2,074 | 45.26% | 58 | 1.27% | 64 | 1.40% | 26 | 0.57% | 286 | 6.24% | 4,582 |
| Floyd | 3,200 | 43.99% | 3,850 | 52.92% | 140 | 1.92% | 68 | 0.93% | 17 | 0.23% | -650 | -8.93% | 7,275 |
| Fountain | 2,634 | 48.36% | 2,437 | 44.74% | 130 | 2.39% | 88 | 1.62% | 158 | 2.90% | 197 | 3.62% | 5,447 |
| Franklin | 1,495 | 37.24% | 2,426 | 60.42% | 8 | 0.20% | 73 | 1.82% | 13 | 0.32% | -931 | -23.19% | 4,015 |
| Fulton | 2,325 | 48.72% | 2,231 | 46.75% | 33 | 0.69% | 63 | 1.32% | 120 | 2.51% | 94 | 1.97% | 4,772 |
| Gibson | 3,576 | 45.84% | 3,765 | 48.26% | 201 | 2.58% | 226 | 2.90% | 33 | 0.42% | -189 | -2.42% | 7,801 |
| Grant | 6,059 | 43.38% | 5,827 | 41.72% | 1,019 | 7.30% | 980 | 7.02% | 82 | 0.59% | 232 | 1.66% | 13,967 |
| Greene | 3,878 | 43.33% | 3,990 | 44.59% | 833 | 9.31% | 199 | 2.22% | 49 | 0.55% | -112 | -1.25% | 8,949 |
| Hamilton | 3,951 | 54.78% | 2,799 | 38.81% | 72 | 1.00% | 362 | 5.02% | 28 | 0.39% | 1,152 | 15.97% | 7,212 |
| Hancock | 2,138 | 41.56% | 2,779 | 54.02% | 47 | 0.91% | 166 | 3.23% | 14 | 0.27% | -641 | -12.46% | 5,144 |
| Harrison | 2,086 | 44.97% | 2,373 | 51.15% | 64 | 1.38% | 98 | 2.11% | 18 | 0.39% | -287 | -6.19% | 4,639 |
| Hendricks | 3,046 | 53.13% | 2,453 | 42.79% | 88 | 1.53% | 118 | 2.06% | 28 | 0.49% | 593 | 10.34% | 5,733 |
| Henry | 4,386 | 50.01% | 3,560 | 40.59% | 265 | 3.02% | 378 | 4.31% | 182 | 2.08% | 826 | 9.42% | 8,771 |
| Howard | 4,777 | 47.38% | 3,934 | 39.02% | 840 | 8.33% | 456 | 4.52% | 75 | 0.74% | 843 | 8.36% | 10,082 |
| Huntington | 3,761 | 45.73% | 3,833 | 46.60% | 149 | 1.81% | 450 | 5.47% | 32 | 0.39% | -72 | -0.88% | 8,225 |
| Jackson | 2,422 | 40.65% | 3,312 | 55.59% | 74 | 1.24% | 139 | 2.33% | 11 | 0.18% | -890 | -14.94% | 5,958 |
| Jasper | 1,995 | 56.50% | 1,488 | 42.14% | 10 | 0.28% | 33 | 0.93% | 5 | 0.14% | 507 | 14.36% | 3,531 |
| Jay | 3,075 | 46.49% | 3,070 | 46.41% | 109 | 1.65% | 348 | 5.26% | 13 | 0.20% | 5 | 0.08% | 6,615 |
| Jefferson | 2,675 | 49.76% | 2,518 | 46.84% | 56 | 1.04% | 113 | 2.10% | 14 | 0.26% | 157 | 2.92% | 5,376 |
| Jennings | 1,791 | 50.01% | 1,686 | 47.08% | 34 | 0.95% | 60 | 1.68% | 10 | 0.28% | 105 | 2.93% | 3,581 |
| Johnson | 2,428 | 42.32% | 3,108 | 54.17% | 53 | 0.92% | 107 | 1.87% | 41 | 0.71% | -680 | -11.85% | 5,737 |
| Knox | 4,805 | 42.28% | 5,380 | 47.34% | 923 | 8.12% | 142 | 1.25% | 114 | 1.00% | -575 | -5.06% | 11,364 |
| Kosciusko | 4,025 | 51.18% | 3,447 | 43.83% | 134 | 1.70% | 232 | 2.95% | 27 | 0.34% | 578 | 7.35% | 7,865 |
| LaGrange | 1,958 | 54.09% | 1,512 | 41.77% | 43 | 1.19% | 93 | 2.57% | 14 | 0.39% | 446 | 12.32% | 3,620 |
| Lake | 13,262 | 55.00% | 9,946 | 41.25% | 651 | 2.70% | 108 | 0.45% | 144 | 0.60% | 3,316 | 13.75% | 24,111 |
| LaPorte | 5,726 | 50.29% | 5,276 | 46.33% | 240 | 2.11% | 83 | 0.73% | 62 | 0.54% | 450 | 3.95% | 11,387 |
| Lawrence | 3,813 | 52.55% | 3,108 | 42.83% | 246 | 3.39% | 66 | 0.91% | 23 | 0.32% | 705 | 9.72% | 7,256 |
| Madison | 7,449 | 41.96% | 8,106 | 45.66% | 1,579 | 8.89% | 484 | 2.73% | 134 | 0.75% | -657 | -3.70% | 17,752 |
| Marion | 40,699 | 51.50% | 35,043 | 44.34% | 2,224 | 2.81% | 744 | 0.94% | 320 | 0.40% | 5,656 | 7.16% | 79,030 |
| Marshall | 2,855 | 44.64% | 3,221 | 50.36% | 77 | 1.20% | 216 | 3.38% | 27 | 0.42% | -366 | -5.72% | 6,396 |
| Martin | 1,534 | 48.93% | 1,549 | 49.41% | 26 | 0.83% | 22 | 0.70% | 4 | 0.13% | -15 | -0.48% | 3,135 |
| Miami | 3,390 | 43.16% | 3,854 | 49.07% | 303 | 3.86% | 214 | 2.72% | 93 | 1.18% | -464 | -5.91% | 7,854 |
| Monroe | 3,033 | 50.31% | 2,796 | 46.38% | 58 | 0.96% | 105 | 1.74% | 37 | 0.61% | 237 | 3.93% | 6,029 |
| Montgomery | 4,300 | 49.36% | 4,107 | 47.15% | 147 | 1.69% | 106 | 1.22% | 51 | 0.59% | 193 | 2.22% | 8,711 |
| Morgan | 2,860 | 50.06% | 2,616 | 45.79% | 113 | 1.98% | 94 | 1.65% | 30 | 0.53% | 244 | 4.27% | 5,713 |
| Newton | 1,377 | 47.58% | 1,278 | 44.16% | 36 | 1.24% | 43 | 1.49% | 160 | 5.53% | 99 | 3.42% | 2,894 |
| Noble | 3,417 | 51.33% | 3,069 | 46.10% | 35 | 0.53% | 130 | 1.95% | 6 | 0.09% | 348 | 5.23% | 6,657 |
| Ohio | 597 | 47.46% | 632 | 50.24% | 3 | 0.24% | 25 | 1.99% | 1 | 0.08% | -35 | -2.78% | 1,258 |
| Orange | 2,481 | 52.94% | 2,091 | 44.62% | 52 | 1.11% | 42 | 0.90% | 20 | 0.43% | 390 | 8.32% | 4,686 |
| Owen | 1,585 | 44.67% | 1,812 | 51.07% | 95 | 2.68% | 42 | 1.18% | 14 | 0.39% | -227 | -6.40% | 3,548 |
| Parke | 2,598 | 48.52% | 2,329 | 43.50% | 212 | 3.96% | 184 | 3.44% | 31 | 0.58% | 269 | 5.02% | 5,354 |
| Perry | 1,762 | 45.11% | 2,089 | 53.48% | 28 | 0.72% | 15 | 0.38% | 12 | 0.31% | -327 | -8.37% | 3,906 |
| Pike | 2,172 | 46.71% | 2,212 | 47.57% | 187 | 4.02% | 59 | 1.27% | 20 | 0.43% | -40 | -0.86% | 4,650 |
| Porter | 2,913 | 59.22% | 1,871 | 38.04% | 76 | 1.55% | 37 | 0.75% | 22 | 0.45% | 1,042 | 21.18% | 4,919 |
| Posey | 2,291 | 42.97% | 2,922 | 54.80% | 26 | 0.49% | 86 | 1.61% | 7 | 0.13% | -631 | -11.83% | 5,332 |
| Pulaski | 1,474 | 46.79% | 1,387 | 44.03% | 27 | 0.86% | 58 | 1.84% | 204 | 6.48% | 87 | 2.76% | 3,150 |
| Putnam | 2,453 | 43.28% | 2,965 | 52.31% | 132 | 2.33% | 86 | 1.52% | 32 | 0.56% | -512 | -9.03% | 5,668 |
| Randolph | 4,054 | 54.31% | 2,682 | 35.93% | 128 | 1.71% | 525 | 7.03% | 75 | 1.00% | 1,372 | 18.38% | 7,464 |
| Ripley | 2,686 | 49.88% | 2,549 | 47.34% | 67 | 1.24% | 67 | 1.24% | 16 | 0.30% | 137 | 2.54% | 5,385 |
| Rush | 2,950 | 51.22% | 2,569 | 44.60% | 57 | 0.99% | 160 | 2.78% | 24 | 0.42% | 381 | 6.61% | 5,760 |
| St. Joseph | 7,961 | 43.02% | 9,709 | 52.47% | 24 | 0.13% | 436 | 2.36% | 375 | 2.03% | -1,748 | -9.45% | 18,505 |
| Scott | 802 | 41.99% | 1,068 | 55.92% | 4 | 0.21% | 31 | 1.62% | 5 | 0.26% | -266 | -13.93% | 1,910 |
| Shelby | 3,201 | 42.90% | 3,900 | 52.27% | 81 | 1.09% | 242 | 3.24% | 37 | 0.50% | -699 | -9.37% | 7,461 |
| Spencer | 2,560 | 50.34% | 2,335 | 45.92% | 50 | 0.98% | 122 | 2.40% | 18 | 0.35% | 225 | 4.42% | 5,085 |
| Starke | 1,550 | 52.21% | 1,334 | 44.93% | 44 | 1.48% | 35 | 1.18% | 6 | 0.20% | 216 | 7.28% | 2,969 |
| Steuben | 2,418 | 50.72% | 1,427 | 29.93% | 657 | 13.78% | 255 | 5.35% | 10 | 0.21% | 991 | 20.79% | 4,767 |
| Sullivan | 2,630 | 35.24% | 3,880 | 51.99% | 667 | 8.94% | 205 | 2.75% | 81 | 1.09% | -1,250 | -16.75% | 7,463 |
| Switzerland | 1,214 | 44.05% | 1,446 | 52.47% | 36 | 1.31% | 58 | 2.10% | 2 | 0.07% | -232 | -8.42% | 2,756 |
| Tippecanoe | 6,386 | 54.73% | 4,918 | 42.15% | 108 | 0.93% | 208 | 1.78% | 49 | 0.42% | 1,468 | 12.58% | 11,669 |
| Tipton | 2,166 | 45.32% | 2,337 | 48.90% | 62 | 1.30% | 203 | 4.25% | 11 | 0.23% | -171 | -3.58% | 4,779 |
| Union | 997 | 52.95% | 826 | 43.87% | 19 | 1.01% | 38 | 2.02% | 3 | 0.16% | 171 | 9.08% | 1,883 |
| Vanderburgh | 9,966 | 47.52% | 10,028 | 47.81% | 717 | 3.42% | 185 | 0.88% | 77 | 0.37% | -62 | -0.30% | 20,973 |
| Vermillion | 2,607 | 43.61% | 2,343 | 39.19% | 771 | 12.90% | 133 | 2.22% | 124 | 2.07% | 264 | 4.42% | 5,978 |
| Vigo | 8,934 | 39.71% | 11,165 | 49.63% | 1,677 | 7.45% | 516 | 2.29% | 204 | 0.91% | -2,231 | -9.92% | 22,496 |
| Wabash | 3,849 | 50.37% | 3,168 | 41.46% | 277 | 3.63% | 293 | 3.83% | 54 | 0.71% | 681 | 8.91% | 7,641 |
| Warren | 1,823 | 61.67% | 1,011 | 34.20% | 45 | 1.52% | 67 | 2.27% | 10 | 0.34% | 812 | 27.47% | 2,956 |
| Warrick | 2,396 | 48.41% | 2,244 | 45.34% | 57 | 1.15% | 88 | 1.78% | 164 | 3.31% | 152 | 3.07% | 4,949 |
| Washington | 1,871 | 42.80% | 2,414 | 55.23% | 29 | 0.66% | 48 | 1.10% | 9 | 0.21% | -543 | -12.42% | 4,371 |
| Wayne | 6,112 | 51.84% | 5,007 | 42.46% | 295 | 2.50% | 303 | 2.57% | 74 | 0.63% | 1,105 | 9.37% | 11,791 |
| Wells | 1,947 | 37.26% | 2,928 | 56.03% | 56 | 1.07% | 285 | 5.45% | 10 | 0.19% | -981 | -18.77% | 5,226 |
| White | 2,442 | 50.66% | 2,262 | 46.93% | 35 | 0.73% | 71 | 1.47% | 10 | 0.21% | 180 | 3.73% | 4,820 |
| Whitley | 2,191 | 44.69% | 2,510 | 51.19% | 26 | 0.53% | 170 | 3.47% | 6 | 0.12% | -319 | -6.51% | 4,903 |
| TOTAL | 341,004 | 47.43% | 334,263 | 46.49% | 21,855 | 3.04% | 16,368 | 2.28% | 5,491 | 0.76% | 6,741 | 0.94 | 718,986 |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Theodore Roosevelt was nominated for president by the 1916 Progressive National Convention, but declined.
References
[edit]- ^ Madison 1986, p. 330.
- ^ Petersen 1963, p. 81.
- ^ Phillips 1969, pp. 332–36, 310, 337.
- ^ a b Congressional Quarterly 1985, p. 389.
- ^ "Primary Voting in State Begun Early". Indianapolis News. March 7, 1916.
- ^
- "Many Candidates in Party Referendum; Voting Starts" (PDF). American Socialist. January 15, 1916.
- "Benson and Kirkpatrick 1916 Standard Bearers" (PDF). American Socialist. March 18, 1916.
- ^ Sullivan, Thompson & Headrick 1916, p. 286.
- ^ Petersen 1963, pp. vii.
- ^ a b c Cook 1916, pp. 174–75.
Bibliography
[edit]- Congressional Quarterly (1985). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (2nd ed.). Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. ISBN 978-0-87187-339-2.
- Cook, Homer L. (1916). Biennial Report of Homer L. Cook, Secretary of State of the State of Indiana [...]. Indianapolis.
- Madison, James H. (1986). The Indiana Way: A State History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Phillips, Kevin P. (1969). The Emerging Republican Majority. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House. LCCN 76-79602.
- Petersen, Svend (1963). A Statistical History of the American Presidential Elections. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company. LCCN 62-21786.
- Sullivan, Reginald; Thompson, William H.; Headrick, William D., eds. (1916). Election Laws of Indiana [...]. Indianapolis: State Board of Election Commissioners.
