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1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections

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1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1852 & 1853 August 4, 1854 – November 6, 1855 1856 & 1857 →
All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives[1]
118 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader William A. Richardson Henry M. Fuller Nathaniel P. Banks
Party Democratic Whig Know Nothing
Leader's seat Illinois 5th Pennsylvania 12th Massachusetts 7th
Last election 157 seats, 51.67% 70 seats, 41.70% 0 seats, 0.31%
Seats won 82[a][b][c] 54[e] 52[f]
Seat change Decrease 75 Decrease 14 Increase 52
Popular vote 1,418,553[d] 580,929 631,510
Percentage 43.95% 18.00% 19.56%
Swing Decrease 5.87 pp Decrease 23.61 pp Increase 19.25 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Party Anti-Nebraska Republican People's
Last election Did not contest Did not contest Did not contest
Seats won 22[e][g] 13[e] 9[e]
Seat change Increase 22 Increase 13 Increase 9
Popular vote 196,461 182,245 102,423
Percentage 6.09% 5.65% 3.17%
Swing New party New party New party
  Seventh party Eighth party
 
Party Free Soil Independent
Last election 4 seats, 3.96% 2 seats[h]
Seats won 1[e] 1[i]
Seat change Decrease 3 Decrease 1
Popular vote 22,928 84,196[j]
Percentage 0.71% 2.61%[j]
Swing Decrease 3.28 pp Decrease 0.18 pp
Results:
     Democratic gain      Whig gain
     Democratic hold      Whig hold
     Know Nothing gain      Anti-Nebraska gain
     Republican gain      People's gain
     Independent gain
Speaker before election

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Nathaniel P. Banks
Know Nothing

The 1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections were held between August 4, 1854, and November 6, 1855, to elect the 234 members and five non-voting delegates of the United States House of Representatives. In a critical defeat for the governing Democratic Party, opposition groups won more than 150 seats and nominal control of the House, signaling the collapse of the Second Party System.

This midterm election was among the most disruptive in American history, auguring a political realignment. Both major parties, the Democratic Party and the Whig Party, lost critical voter support. The two parties had been organized as rivals for roughly 20 years. Northern voters strongly opposed to the Kansas–Nebraska Act shifted sharply against the Democrats. The Whigs also lost seats as the party disintegrated over the issue of slavery.

The elected majority temporarily coalesced as the Opposition Party. This transitional party included Whigs, Free Soil members, American Party members, (or Know Nothings) the People's Party of Indiana, Anti-Nebraska candidates, disaffected Northern Democrats, and members of the nascent Republican Party, which soon would absorb most of these factions and replace the Whigs to rival the Democrats.

Candidates opposed to the Democratic Party won widely in the Northern United States through November 1854. The American Party, ignoring slavery and opposing immigration (particularly by Catholics from Ireland and Germany) won seats from both major parties, but to the net loss of Democrats, in New England and the Southern United States from November 1854 into 1855.

Congress had passed the Kansas–Nebraska Act in May 1854 after aggressive sponsorship by the Pierce Administration and Democrats led by Senator Stephen Douglas, including radical pro-slavery legislators. With widely foreseen risks and immediately negative results, the Act discredited the Democratic Party, fueling new partisan and sectional rancor. The Act repealed the 1820 Missouri Compromise and triggered the violent Bleeding Kansas conflict, creating uncertainty on the Western frontier by abruptly making slavery potentially legal in territories originally comprising the northern portion of the Louisiana Purchase. Contemporary settlers of these territories then were expected to determine the status of slavery locally. This idea appealed to Democratic politicians and to some voters, but proved unworkable particularly in Kansas where more numerous Northern settlers and geographically closer Southern settlers violently disputed the status of slavery. Even some proslavery legislators and voters, particularly Southern Whigs, felt that repealing the Missouri Compromise was politically reckless, and that attempting to push slavery by law and force into territories where most settlers predictably were unlikely to want it could endanger slavery nationally, or even in the South. These fears proved prescient.

More than 21 representatives vied for the post of speaker of the House. After two months and 133 ballots, American Party representative Nathaniel Banks of Massachusetts, also a Free Soiler, defeated Democrat William Aiken of South Carolina by plurality, 103–100.[7] To date, Banks is the only speaker to come from a third party.

Results

[edit]
↓
82 1 1 9 13 22 52 54
Democratic IW FS P Rep. Anti-Neb. Know Nothing Whig
State Type Date Total
seats 		Democratic Whig Know Nothing Anti-Nebraska[k]
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Arkansas Districts August 4, 1854 2 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Iowa Districts August 7, 1854 2 1 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri Districts 7 1 Decrease 2 6 Increase 2 0 Steady 0 Steady
Vermont Districts September 5, 1854 3 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
California At-large September 6, 1854 2 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Maine Districts September 11, 1854 6 1 Decrease 2 0 Decrease3 0 Steady 5 Increase 5
Florida At-large October 2, 1854 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina Districts October 9–10, 1854 6 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Indiana Districts October 10, 1854 11 2 Decrease 8 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady 9 Increase 9
Ohio Districts 21 0 Decrease 12 0 Decrease 7 0 Steady 21 Increase 19
Pennsylvania Districts 25 7 Decrease 10 16[l] Increase 8 1 Increase 1 1 Increase 1
Illinois Districts November 7, 1854
(Election Day)[m] 		9 4 Decrease 1 1 Decrease3 0 Steady 4 Increase 4
Michigan Districts 4 1 Decrease 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 3 Increase 3
New Jersey Districts 5 1 Decrease 3 4 Increase 3 0 Steady 0 Steady
New York Districts 33 5 Decrease 16 24 Increase 14 4 Increase 4 0 Decrease 1
Wisconsin Districts 3 1 Decrease 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Increase 2
Massachusetts Districts November 12, 1854 11 0 Decrease 1 0 Decrease 9 11 Increase 11 0 Decrease 1
Delaware At-large November 14, 1854 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1855 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire Districts March 13, 1855 3 0 Decrease 3 0 Steady 3 Increase 3 0 Steady
Connecticut Districts April 2, 1855 4 0 Decrease 4 0 Steady 4 Increase 4 0 Steady
Rhode Island Districts April 4, 1855 2 0 Decrease 2 0 Steady 2 Increase 2 0 Steady
Virginia Districts May 24, 1855 13 12 Decrease 1 0 Steady 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
North Carolina Districts August 2, 1855 8 5 Steady 0 Decrease 3 3 Increase 3 0 Steady
Tennessee Districts 10 5 Steady 0 Decrease 5 5 Increase 5 0 Steady
Alabama Districts August 6, 1855 7 5 Decrease 1 0 Decrease 1 2 Increase 2 0 Steady
Kentucky Districts 10 4 Decrease 1 0 Decrease 5 6 Increase 6 0 Steady
Texas Districts 2 1 Decrease 1 0 Steady 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Georgia Districts October 1, 1855 8 6 Steady 0 Decrease 2 2 Increase 2 0 Steady
Louisiana Districts November 5, 1855 4 3 Steady 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Mississippi Districts[n] November 5–6, 1855 5 4 Decrease 1 0 Steady 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Maryland Districts November 6, 1855 6 2 Decrease 2 0 Decrease 2 4 Increase 4 0 Steady
Total 234 82
35.04% 		Decrease 75 55
23.50% 		Decrease16 52
22.22% 		Increase 52 45
19.23% 		Increase41
Popular vote
Democratic
 
 43.95%
Know Nothing
 
 19.56%
Whig
 
 18.00%
Anti-Nebraska
 
 6.09%
Republican
 
 5.65%
People's
 
 3.17%
Independent
 
 2.61%
Free Soil
 
 0.71%
Others
 
 0.26%
House seats
Democratic
 
 35.04%
Whig
 
 23.08%
Know Nothing
 
 22.22%
Anti-Nebraska
 
 9.40%
Republican
 
 5.56%
People's
 
 3.85%
Independent
 
 0.43%
Free Soil
 
 0.43%

Special elections

[edit]
See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

33rd Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[8]
New York 29 Azariah Boody Whig 1852 Incumbent resigned October 13, 1853.[9]
New member elected January 4, 1854.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Davis Carpenter (Whig) 43.82%
  • ▌Frederick F. Backud (Democratic) 32.51%
  • ▌Calvin Huson (Free Soil) 20.87%
Pennsylvania 8 Henry A. Muhlenberg Democratic 1852 Incumbent died January 9, 1854.
New member elected February 4, 1854.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 1 Brookins Campbell Democratic 1853 Incumbent died December 25, 1853.
New member elected March 9, 1854.
Whig gain.
Massachusetts 1 Zeno Scudder Whig 1850 Incumbent resigned March 4, 1854.
New member elected April 3, 1854.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas D. Eliot (Whig) 52.04%
  • ▌Abraham H. Howland (Independent) 47.96%
Virginia 11 John F. Snodgrass Democratic 1853 Incumbent died June 5, 1854.
New member elected August 3, 1854.
Democratic hold.
New York 12 Gilbert Dean Democratic 1850 Incumbent resigned July 3, 1854.
New member elected November 7, 1854.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Isaac Teller (Whig) 50.56%
  • ▌Samuel Morse (Soft-Shell Democratic) 31.27%
  • ▌Charles Robinson (Hard-Shell Democratic) 18.17%
New York 22 Gerrit Smith Free Soil 1852 Incumbent resigned August 7, 1854.
New member elected November 7, 1854.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry C. Goodwin (Whig) 45.15%
  • ▌Sidney T. Fairchild (Soft Shell Democratic) 27.30%
  • ▌Federal Dana (Free Soil) 17.79%
  • ▌Zedock T. Bentley (Hard Shell Democratic) 9.77%
Kentucky 3 Presley Ewing Whig 1851 Incumbent died September 27, 1854.
New member elected November 13, 1854.
Whig hold.

34th Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[10]
Massachusetts 10 Henry Morris Know Nothing 1854 Incumbent resigned September 20, 1855.
New member elected November 6, 1855.
Know Nothing hold.

Alabama

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Alabama elected its members on August 6, 1855.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[11]
Alabama 1 Philip Phillips Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Alabama 2 James Abercrombie Whig 1851 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Alabama 3 James F. Dowdell Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 4 William Russell Smith Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Know Nothing gain.
Alabama 5 George S. Houston Democratic 1843 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 6 Williamson R. W. Cobb Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 7 Sampson Willis Harris Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Sampson Willis Harris (Democratic) 57.28%
  • ▌William B. Martin (Anti-Know Nothing Independent) 42.72%

Arkansas

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

Arkansas elected its members on August 4, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[12]
Arkansas 1 Alfred B. Greenwood Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 2 Edward A. Warren Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Albert Rust (Democratic) 65.95%
  • ▌E. G. Walker (Whig) 34.05%

California

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives election in California
See also: List of United States representatives from California

California elected its members on September 6, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[12][o]
California at-large
2 seats 		Milton S. Latham Democratic 1852 Incumbent withdrew.
Democratic hold.
James A. McDougall Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic hold.

Connecticut

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[11]
Connecticut 1 James T. Pratt Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Connecticut 2 Colin M. Ingersoll Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Connecticut 3 Nathan Belcher Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Sidney Dean (Know Nothing) 67.51%
  • ▌Joel W. White (Democratic) 32.49%
Connecticut 4 Origen S. Seymour Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.

Delaware

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Delaware elected its member on November 14, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[12]
Delaware at-large George R. Riddle Democratic 1850 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.

Florida

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives election in Florida
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida

Florida elected its member on October 2, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[12]
Florida at-large Augustus Maxwell Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Georgia elected its members on October 1, 1855.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[11]
Georgia 1 James Lindsay Seward Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 2 Alfred H. Colquitt Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 3 Jack Bailey Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert P. Trippe (Know Nothing) 53.96%
  • ▌James M. Smith (Democratic) 46.04%
Georgia 4 William B. W. Dent Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 5 Elijah W. Chastain Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John H. Lumpkin (Democratic) 58.61%
  • ▌Lewis Tumblin (Know Nothing) 41.39%
Georgia 6 Junius Hillyer Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Howell Cobb (Democratic) 63.78%
  • ▌Leonidas Franklin (Know Nothing) 36.22%
Georgia 7 David A. Reese Whig 1853 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Georgia 8 Alexander H. Stephens Whig 1853 Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.
Democratic gain.

Illinois

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Illinois elected its members on November 7, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[13]
Illinois 1 Elihu B. Washburne Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Elihu B. Washburne (Republican) 69.33%
  • ▌William M. Jackson (Democratic) 22.99%
  • ▌E. P. Ferry (Anti-Nebraska Democratic) 7.67%
Illinois 2 John Wentworth Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY James H. Woodworth (Republican) 53.05%
  • ▌Robert S. Blackwell (Whig) 19.84%
  • ▌John B. Turner (Democratic) 19.48%
  • ▌Edward L. Mayo (Anti-Nebraska Democratic) 7.63%
Illinois 3 Jesse O. Norton Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Jesse O. Norton (Republican) 62.76%
  • ▌John A. Drake (Democratic) 37.24%
Illinois 4 James Knox Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 5 William A. Richardson Democratic 1847 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 6 Richard Yates Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 7 James C. Allen Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Winner subsequently unseated.
Illinois 8 William Henry Bissell Independent
Democrat 		1848 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska Democratic gain.
Illinois 9 Willis Allen Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel S. Marshall (Democratic) 62.10%
  • ▌L. Jay Turner (Republican) 21.27%
  • ▌DeWitt C. Barber (Unknown) 9.33%
  • ▌Almerin Grow (Unknown) 7.30%

Indiana

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Indiana elected its members on October 10, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Indiana 1 Smith Miller Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Smith Miller (Democratic) 52.15%
  • ▌Sam Hall (People's) 47.85%
Indiana 2 William Hayden English Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 3 Cyrus L. Dunham Democratic 1849 Incumbent lost re-election.
People's gain.
Indiana 4 Jim Lane Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
People's gain.
  • ▌Green tickY William Cumback (People's) 51.92%
  • ▌William G. Holman (Democratic) 48.08%
Indiana 5 Samuel W. Parker Whig 1851 Incumbent retired.
People's gain.
Indiana 6 Thomas A. Hendricks Democratic 1851 Incumbent lost re-election.
People's gain.
Indiana 7 John G. Davis Democratic 1851 Incumbent lost re-election.
People's gain.
Indiana 8 Daniel Mace Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
People's gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Daniel Mace (People's) 56.92%
  • ▌James Davis (Democratic) 43.08%
Indiana 9 Norman Eddy Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
People's gain.
Indiana 10 Ebenezer M. Chamberlain Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
People's gain.
Indiana 11 Andrew J. Harlan Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
People's gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John U. Pettit (People's) 56.59%
  • ▌J. R. Slack (Democratic) 43.41%

Iowa

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Iowa elected its members on August 7, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Iowa 1 Bernhart Henn Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Augustus Hall (Democratic) 50.27%
  • ▌R. L. Clark (Whig) 49.50%
  • ▌J. L. Ashbaugh (Unknown) 0.23%
Iowa 2 William Vandever Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.

Kentucky

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Kentucky elected its members on August 6, 1855.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[11]
Kentucky 1 Linn Boyd Democratic 1839 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 2 Benjamin E. Grey Whig 1851 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.[p]
Know Nothing gain.
Kentucky 3 Francis Bristow Whig 1854 (special) Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Warner Underwood (Know Nothing) 56.88%
  • ▌James P. Bates (Democratic) 43.12%
Kentucky 4 James Chrisman Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 5 Clement S. Hill Whig 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Joshua Jewett (Democratic) 51.63%
  • ▌C. G. Wintersmith (Know Nothing) 48.37%
Kentucky 6 John Milton Elliott Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 7 William Preston Whig 1852 (special) Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat.
Know Nothing gain.
Kentucky 8 John C. Breckinridge Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Kentucky 9 Leander Cox Whig 1853 Incumbent re-elected as a Know Nothing.
Know Nothing gain.
Richard H. Stanton
Redistricted from the 10th district 		Democratic 1849 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic loss.
Kentucky 10 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 9th district.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel F. Swope (Know Nothing) 51.72%
  • ▌Henry C. Harris (Democratic) 48.28%

Louisiana

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana elected its members on November 5, 1855.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[11]
Louisiana 1 William Dunbar Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Louisiana 2 Theodore G. Hunt Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana 3 John Perkins Jr. Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Louisiana 4 Roland Jones Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John M. Sandidge (Democratic) 58.05%
  • ▌William B. Lewis (Know Nothing) 41.95%

Maine

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Maine elected its members on September 11, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Maine 1 Moses Macdonald Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John M. Wood (Republican) 59.36%
  • ▌Samuel Wells (Democratic) 39.90%
  • ▌Lorenzo D. Wilkinson (Unknown) 0.73%
Maine 2 Samuel Mayall Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John J. Perry (Republican) 56.88%
  • ▌William K. Kimball (Democratic) 42.46%
  • ▌Charles J. Gilman (Unknown) 0.65%
Maine 3 E. Wilder Farley Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Maine 4 Samuel P. Benson Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
Maine 5 Israel Washburn Jr. Whig 1850 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
Maine 6 Thomas J. D. Fuller Democratic 1848 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas J. D. Fuller (Democratic) 41.29%
  • ▌James A. Milliken (Republican) 37.73%
  • ▌Noah Smith (Whig) 20.98%

Maryland

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Maryland elected its members on November 6, 1865.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[11]
Maryland 1 John Rankin Franklin Whig 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Maryland 2 Jacob Shower Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Maryland 3 Joshua Van Sant Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Maryland 4 William T. Hamilton Democratic 1849 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Maryland 5 Henry May Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Maryland 6 Augustus Rhodes Sollers Whig 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas F. Bowie (Democratic) 53.93%
  • ▌William Watkins (Know Nothing) 46.07%

Massachusetts

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Massachusetts 1 Thomas D. Eliot Whig 1854 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Massachusetts 2 Samuel L. Crocker Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Massachusetts 3 J. Wiley Edmands Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY William S. Damrell (Know Nothing) 74.76%
  • ▌Nathaniel F. Safford (Whig) 16.67%
  • ▌Edward Avery (Democratic) 5.38%
  • ▌Arthur W. Austin (Unknown) 3.19%
Massachusetts 4 Samuel H. Walley Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Massachusetts 5 William Appleton Whig 1850 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Massachusetts 6 Charles W. Upham Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Massachusetts 7 Nathaniel P. Banks Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected as a Know Nothing.
Know Nothing gain.
Massachusetts 8 Tappan Wentworth Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Massachusetts 9 Alexander DeWitt Free Soil 1852 Incumbent re-elected as a Know Nothing.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Alexander DeWitt (Know Nothing) 76.97%
  • ▌Isaac Davis (Democratic) 13.36%
  • ▌Ira M. Barton (Whig) 7.45%
  • ▌Alfred Mowrey (Unknown) 1.42%
  • ▌William P. Marble (Unknown) 0.46%
  • Scattering 0.34%
Massachusetts 10 Edward Dickinson Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Morris (Know Nothing) 65.35%
  • ▌Edward Dickinson (Whig) 23.33%
  • ▌Stephen C. Bemis (Democratic) 11.32%
Massachusetts 11 John Z. Goodrich Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.

Michigan

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Michigan 1 David Stuart Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Michigan 2 David A. Noble Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Michigan 3 Samuel Clark Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Michigan 4 Hestor L. Stevens Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

Mississippi

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[10]
Mississippi 1 Daniel B. Wright Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 William S. Barry Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 3 William Barksdale
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4 Otho R. Singleton
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Mississippi 5 None (new seat) New seat.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Quitman (Democratic) 59.31%
  • ▌Giles M. Hillyer (Know Nothing) 40.69%

Missouri

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Missouri 1 Thomas H. Benton Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Missouri 2 Alfred W. Lamb Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Missouri 3 James J. Lindley Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 4 Mordecai Oliver Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Mordecai Oliver (Whig) 41.95%
  • ▌S. L. Leonard (Anti-Benton Democratic) 34.21%
  • ▌Shelton J. Howe (Benton Democratic) 19.08%
  • ▌J. F. Pitt (Independent Whig) 4.76%
Missouri 5 John G. Miller Whig 1850 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 6 John S. Phelps Democratic 1844 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 7 Samuel Caruthers Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.

New Hampshire

[edit]
Main article: 1855 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[10]
New Hampshire 1 George W. Kittredge Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
New Hampshire 2 George W. Morrison Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
New Hampshire 3 Harry Hibbard Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Aaron H. Cragin (Know Nothing) 58.40%
  • ▌William P. Wheeler (Democratic) 41.60%

New Jersey

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
New Jersey 1 Nathan T. Stratton Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Isaiah D. Clawson (Whig) 42.94%
  • ▌Thomas W. Mulford (Democratic) 30.02%
  • ▌John W. Hazelton (Temperance) 27.05%
New Jersey 2 Charles Skelton Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New Jersey 3 Samuel Lilly Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
New Jersey 4 George Vail Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George Vail (Democratic) 51.65%
  • ▌Peter Osborne (Independent Anti-Nebraska) 48.35%
New Jersey 5 Alexander C. M. Pennington Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.

New York

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
See also: List of United States representatives from New York
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[15]
New York 1 James Maurice Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY William Valk (Know Nothing) 30.97%
  • ▌Daniel B. Allen (Hard Shell Democratic) 20.34%
  • ▌Harvey W. Vail (Whig) 19.67%
  • ▌Frederick Lord (Soft Shell Democratic) 16.36%
  • ▌Gabriel P. Disosway (Temperance) 12.05%
  • Scattering 0.62%
New York 2 Thomas W. Cumming Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New York 3 Hiram Walbridge Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Guy R. Pelton (Whig; Know Nothing) 49.06%
  • ▌George D. Clinton (Hard Shell Democratic) 30.70%
  • ▌William Miner (Soft Shell Democratic) 20.24%
New York 4 Michael Walsh Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Kelly (Soft Shell Democratic) 40.54%
  • ▌Michael Walsh (Hard Shell Democratic) 40.30%
  • ▌Sanford L. Macomber (Whig) 10.89%
  • ▌John W. Boyce (Know Nothing; Independent Whig) 8.27%
New York 5 William M. Tweed Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
New York 6 John Wheeler Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Wheeler (Hard Shell Democratic) 46.30%
  • ▌John M. Murphy (Soft Shell Democratic) 22.99%
  • ▌Charles H. Marshall (Whig) 20.47%
  • ▌Charles D. Mead (Independent Democrat) 10.24%
New York 7 William A. Walker Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Child Jr. (Whig; Know Nothing) 56.29%
  • ▌William D. Kennedy (Democratic) 43.71%
New York 8 Francis B. Cutting Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Abram Wakeman (Whig) 51.87%
  • ▌James L. Curtis (Hard Shell Democratic) 32.52%
  • ▌Edward B. Fellows (Soft Shell Democratic) 15.61%
New York 9 Jared V. Peck Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
New York 10 William Murray Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Ambrose S. Murray (Whig) 44.05%
  • ▌Charles S. Woodworth (Hard Shell Democratic) 38.59%
  • ▌Jonathan Stratton (Soft Shell Democratic) 17.36%
New York 11 Theodoric R. Westbrook Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Rufus H. King (Whig) 62.98%
  • ▌Elisha P. Strong (Democratic) 37.02%
New York 12 Isaac Teller Whig 1854 (special) Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Killian Miller (Whig) 51.07%
  • ▌Hugh McClelland (Soft Shell Democratic) 33.78%
  • ▌William H. Wilson (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.16%
New York 13 Russell Sage Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Russell Sage (Whig) 63.22%
  • ▌Henry A. Clum (Soft Shell Democratic) 18.86%
  • ▌Alanson Cook (Hard Shell Democratic) 17.92%
New York 14 Rufus W. Peckham Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel Dickson (Whig) 30.91%
  • ▌John W. Harcourt (Know Nothing) 28.45%
  • ▌John V. L. Pruyn (Soft Shell Democratic) 25.61%
  • ▌Hamilton David (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.03%
New York 15 Charles Hughes Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
New York 16 George A. Simmons Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George A. Simmons (Whig) 48.18%
  • ▌Jerome B. Bailey (Know Nothing) 27.06%
  • ▌Gorton T. Thomas (Soft Shell Democratic) 15.02%
  • ▌Joseph R. Flanders (Hard Shell Democratic) 9.75%
New York 17 Bishop Perkins Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 18 Peter Rowe Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New York 19 George W. Chase Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jonas A. Hughston (Whig) 43.25%
  • ▌Lewis R. Palmer (Soft Shell Democratic) 41.33%
  • ▌William B. Hawes (Free Soil) 8.59%
  • ▌Hezekiah Sturgis (Hard Shell Democratic) 6.84%
New York 20 Orsamus B. Matteson Whig
Incumbent re-elected.
New York 21 Henry Bennett Whig 1848 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Bennett (Whig) 56.03%
  • ▌Edward Tompkins (Hard Shell Democratic) 32.04%
  • ▌Oliver C. Crocker (Soft Shell Democratic) 11.93%
New York 22 Gerrit Smith Free Soil 1852 Incumbent resigned August 7, 1854.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Andrew Z. McCarty (Whig) 32.19%
  • ▌Leander Babcock (Soft Shell Democratic) 27.50%
  • ▌Charles G. Case (Free Soil) 21.24%
  • ▌William Lewis (Hard Shell Democratic) 19.08%
New York 23 Caleb Lyon Independent 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY William A. Gilbert (Whig) 46.35%
  • ▌Willard Ives (Soft Shell Democratic) 41.86%
  • ▌Lysander Brown (Hard Shell Democratic) 11.22%
  • ▌Reuben Goodale (Radical Abolitionist) 0.58%
New York 24 Daniel T. Jones Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Amos P. Granger (Whig) 37.50%
  • ▌Thomas G. Alvord (Soft Shell Democratic) 32.08%
  • ▌B. Davis Noxon (Know Nothing) 26.62%
  • ▌Sanford Parker (Hard Shell Democratic) 3.80%
New York 25 Edwin B. Morgan Whig 1850 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Edwin B. Morgan (Whig) 48.35%
  • ▌George H. Middleton (Soft Shell Democratic) 43.50%
  • ▌William F. Aldrich (Hard Shell Democratic) 8.15%
New York 26 Andrew Oliver Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Andrew Oliver (Soft Shell Democratic) 47.74%
  • ▌James M. Seeley (Whig) 37.06%
  • ▌Thomas M. Howell (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.20%
New York 27 John J. Taylor Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New York 28 George Hastings Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
New York 29 Davis Carpenter Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New York 30 Benjamin Pringle Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Benjamin Pringle (Whig) 57.59%
  • ▌Albert P. Laning (Soft Shell Democratic) 23.62%
  • ▌Charles W. Belden (Hard Shell Democratic) 14.59%
  • ▌Nathan V. Hull (Free Soil) 4.19%
New York 31 Thomas T. Flagler Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas T. Flagler (Whig) 76.63%
  • ▌Alden S. Blair (Democratic) 13.12%
  • ▌Edward J. Chase (Free Soil) 10.25%
New York 32 Solomon G. Haven Whig 1850 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 33 Reuben Fenton Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Francis S. Edwards (Know Nothing) 55.49%
  • ▌Reuben Fenton (Soft Shell Democratic) 42.47%
  • ▌Ebenezer A. Lester (Hard Shell Democratic) 1.64%
  • ▌George W. Patterson (Whig) 0.40%

North Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 Henry M. Shaw Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
North Carolina 2 Thomas Hart Ruffin Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 3 William S. Ashe Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Warren Winslow (Democratic) 54.94%
  • ▌David Reid (Know Nothing) 45.06%
North Carolina 4 Sion H. Rogers Whig 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
North Carolina 5 John Kerr Jr. Whig 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
North Carolina 6 Richard C. Puryear Whig 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 7 F. Burton Craige Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY F. Burton Craige (Democratic) 62.17%
  • ▌Samuel N. Stowe (Know Nothing) 37.83%
North Carolina 8 Thomas L. Clingman Democratic 1843
1845 (lost)
1847 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas L. Clingman (Democratic) 55.10%
  • ▌Leander B. Carmichael (Know Nothing) 44.90%

Ohio

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Ohio 1 David T. Disney Democratic 1848 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 2 John Scott Harrison Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 3 Lewis D. Campbell Whig 1848 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 4 Matthias H. Nichols Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 5 Alfred Edgerton Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Richard Mott (Anti-Nebraska) 61.62%
  • ▌Henry S. Cowager (Democratic) 38.38%
Ohio 6 Andrew Ellison Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 7 Aaron Harlan Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 8 Moses Bledso Corwin Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Benjamin Stanton (Anti-Nebraska) 75.84%
  • ▌Enoch G. Dial (Democratic) 23.10%
  • ▌J. Newell (Unknown) 1.06%
Ohio 9 Frederick W. Green Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Cooper K. Watson (Anti-Nebraska) 59.92%
  • ▌Josiah S. Plants (Democratic) 40.08%
Ohio 10 John L. Taylor Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Oscar F. Moore (Anti-Nebraska) 65.32%
  • ▌James W. Davis (Democratic) 34.68%
Ohio 11 Thomas Ritchey Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 12 Edson B. Olds Democratic 1848 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 13 William D. Lindsley Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 14 Harvey H. Johnson Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 15 William R. Sapp Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
  • ▌Green tickY William R. Sapp (Anti-Nebraska) 58.99%
  • ▌William Dunbar (Democratic) 41.02%
Ohio 16 Edward Ball Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Edward Ball (Anti-Nebraska) 58.89%
  • ▌William Galligher (Democratic) 41.11%
Ohio 17 Wilson Shannon Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 18 George Bliss Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 19 Edward Wade Free Soil 1852 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Edward Wade (Anti-Nebraska) 71.07%
  • ▌Eli T. Wilder (Democratic) 28.42%
  • ▌Irad Kelly (Independent) 0.51%
Ohio 20 Joshua Reed Giddings Free Soil 1843 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Anti-Nebraska gain.
Ohio 21 Andrew Stuart Democratic 1848 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Nebraska gain.

Pennsylvania

[edit]
Main article: 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania elected its members on October 10, 1854.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Pennsylvania 1 Thomas B. Florence Democratic 1848 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 2 Joseph R. Chandler Whig 1848 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 3 John Robbins Democratic 1848 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 4 William Henry Witte Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Pennsylvania 5 John McNair Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 6 William Everhart Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania 7 Samuel A. Bridges Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 8 J. Glancy Jones Democratic 1854 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 9 Isaac E. Hiester Whig 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 10 Ner Middleswarth Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John C. Kunkel (Whig) 55.99%
  • ▌Amos Boughter (Democratic) 43.01%
  • ▌George A. Seiler (Unknown) 0.99%
Pennsylvania 11 Christian M. Straub Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 12 Hendrick B. Wright Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 13 Asa Packer Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Asa Packer (Democratic) 58.67%
  • ▌Edward F. Stewart (Whig) 41.33%
Pennsylvania 14 Galusha A. Grow Democratic 1850 Incumbent re-elected as a Free Soil Democrat.
Free Soil Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Galusha A. Grow (Free Soil Democratic) 95.22%
  • ▌Jim Grow (Unknown) 4.56%
  • ▌Olin L. Hawley (Unknown) 0.23%
Pennsylvania 15 James Gamble Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 16 William H. Kurtz Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Lemuel Todd (Whig) 51.65%
  • ▌J. Ellis Booham (Democratic) 48.35%
Pennsylvania 17 Samuel L. Russell Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 18 John McCulloch Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John R. Edie (Whig) 72.36%
  • ▌Jacob Croswell (Independent Whig) 27.64%
Pennsylvania 19 Augustus Drum Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 20 John L. Dawson Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 21 David Ritchie Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY David Ritchie (Whig) 64.85%
  • ▌Charles Shaler (Democratic) 35.15%
Pennsylvania 22 Thomas M. Howe Whig 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel A. Purviance (Whig) 58.71%
  • ▌Orrin D. Palmer (Democratic) 37.97%
  • ▌I.T. Robinson (Know Nothing) 1.86%
  • ▌I.G. Bruning (Democratic) 1.26%
  • ▌Neville B. Craig (Unknown) 0.20%
Pennsylvania 23 Michael C. Trout Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 24 Carlton Brandage Curtis Democratic 1850 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 25 John Dick Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.

Rhode Island

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island 1 Thomas Davis Democratic 1853 Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Rhode Island 2 Benjamin B. Thurston Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Know Nothing gain.

South Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 John McQueen Democratic 1849 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John McQueen (Democratic) 67.44%
  • ▌I. D. Wilson (Unknown) 32.56%
South Carolina 2 William Aiken Jr. Democratic 1850 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Laurence M. Keitt Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 4 Preston Brooks Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Preston Brooks (Democratic) 66.84%
  • ▌A. C. Garlington (Unknown) 33.16%
South Carolina 5 James L. Orr Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 William W. Boyce Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.

Tennessee

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 2, 1855.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Nathaniel G. Taylor Whig 1854 (special) Incumbent lost re-election as a Know Nothing.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 2 William M. Churchwell Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Tennessee 3 Samuel A. Smith Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 4 William Cullom Whig 1851 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 5 Charles Ready Whig 1853 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Know Nothing gain.
Tennessee 6 George W. Jones Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Robert M. Bugg Whig 1853 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 8 Felix Zollicoffer Whig 1853 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Know Nothing gain.
Tennessee 9 Emerson Etheridge Whig 1853 Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
Know Nothing gain.
Tennessee 10 Frederick P. Stanton Democratic 1845 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.

Texas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Texas 1 George W. Smyth Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired.
Know Nothing gain.
Texas 2 Peter Hansborough Bell Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.

Vermont

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Vermont 1 James Meacham Whig 1849 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James Meacham (Whig) 71.1%
  • ▌Solomon W. Jewett (Democratic) 28.6%
Vermont 2 Andrew Tracy Whig 1852 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Justin S. Morrill (Whig) 50.6%
  • ▌J. W. Parker (Democratic) 35.7%
  • ▌Oscar L. Shafter (Free Soil) 13.7%
Vermont 3 Alvah Sabin Whig 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Alvah Sabin (Whig) 68.2%
  • ▌William Heywood (Democratic) 31.4%

Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[28]
Virginia 1 Thomas H. Bayly Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 2 John Millson Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Millson (Democratic) 53.3%
  • ▌[FNU] Watts (Know Nothing) 46.7%
Virginia 3 John S. Caskie Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John S. Caskie (Democratic) 52.1%
  • ▌William C. Scott (Know Nothing) 47.9%
Virginia 4 William Goode Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 5 Thomas S. Bocock Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 6 Paulus Powell Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Paulus Powell (Democratic) 56.7%
  • ▌[FNU] Ligon (Know Nothing) 43.3%
Virginia 7 William Smith Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 8 Charles J. Faulkner Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 9 John Letcher Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 10 Zedekiah Kidwell Democratic 1853 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Zedekiah Kidwell (Democratic) 54.5%
  • ▌William K. Pendleton (Know Nothing) 45.5%
Virginia 11 Charles S. Lewis Democratic 1854 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Know Nothing gain.
Virginia 12 Henry A. Edmundson Democratic 1849 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 13 Fayette McMullen Democratic 1849 Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[29]
Wisconsin 1 Daniel Wells Jr. Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 2 Ben C. Eastman Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 3 John B. Macy Democratic 1852 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.

Non-voting delegates

[edit]
See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

33rd Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates[30]
Kansas Territory at-large None (new seat) New seat.
Pro-Slavery gain.
Nebraska Territory at-large None (new seat)[q] New seat.
Anti-Nebraska Democratic gain.

34th Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates[36]
Kansas Territory at-large John Wilkins Whitfield Pro-Slavery 1854 Incumbent re-elected.
Incumbent subsequently unseated.[r]
Incumbent did not contest.
Free State gain.
Winner subsequently not seated.[r]
Minnesota Territory at-large Henry M. Rice Democratic 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska Territory at-large Napoleon B. Giddings Anti-Nebraska Democratic 1854 Incumbent retired.
Nebraska gain.
Oregon Territory at-large Joseph Lane Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Including 4 Soft-Shell Democrats, 2 Anti-Broderick Democrats, 1 Anti-Benton Democrat from Missouri, and 1 Hard-Shell Democrat.
  2. ^ Anti-Nebraska Democrat Lyman Trumbull won the general election in Illinois's 8th congressional district but resigned before the start of the term. Democrat James L. D. Morrison won the 1856 special election for this seat, increasing the Democratic caucus to 83 seats.[2]
  3. ^ Sources differ regarding the precise number of Democratic members. Dubin lists 82 Democrats elected to the 34th United States Congress,[3] Martis lists 83,[4] while the Tribune Almanac for 1856 lists 79 "National Administration" Democrats in addition to the vacant seat representing Illinois's 8th congressional district.[5]
  4. ^ Including all votes for Democrats, Anti-Broderick Democrats, Anti-Benton Democrats, Hard Shell Democrats, and Soft Shell Democrats.
  5. ^ a b c d e Counted as part of the plurality-winning Opposition Party.[4]
  6. ^ Sources differ regarding the precise number of Know Nothing members. Dubin lists 52 Know Nothings elected to the 34th United States Congress,[1] Martis lists 51,[4] while the Tribune Almanac includes the Northern Know Nothings as part of the plurality-winning Anti-Nebraska group.[5]
  7. ^ Anti-Nebraska Democrat Lyman Trumbull won the general election in Illinois's 8th congressional district but resigned before the start of the term, reducing the Anti-Nebraska caucus to 21 seats.[6]
  8. ^ Including 1 Independent and 1 Independent Democrat.
  9. ^ Including 1 Independent Whig, Anthony E. Roberts, elected from Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district.
  10. ^ a b Including all votes for Independents, Benton Democrats, Independent Democrats, and Independent Americans.
  11. ^ Including:
    • Outgoing: 4 Free Soilers
    • Incoming: 22 Anti-Nebraskans, 13 Republicans, 9 People's, and 1 Free Soil Democrat
  12. ^ Including 1 Independent Whig.
  13. ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  14. ^ At-large district abolished in redistricting.
  15. ^ Each voter selected two candidates, who were elected at-large on a general ticket. Dubin calculates the percentage for each candidate out of the total number of ballots cast.
  16. ^ The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress claims Grey ran unsuccessfully for re-election in 1855, but official records show no votes for him in the general election.
    • United States Congress. "1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections (id: G000453)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  17. ^ Hadley D. Johnson and Thomas Johnson were each extralegally elected to this seat in 1853, but neither was seated by the House.[32]
  18. ^ a b Rival governments of the Kansas Territory held separate elections for this seat during Bleeding Kansas. Proslavery border ruffians elected Whitfield on October 1, 1855; antislavery free staters elected Reeder on October 9.[37] The House declared both elections illegitimate on August 4, 1856, leading to a special election later that year.[38]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Dubin 1998, p. 174.
  2. ^ Dubin 1998, pp. 175n5, 173.
  3. ^ Dubin 1998, pp. 169–73.
  4. ^ a b c Martis 1989, pp. 108–9.
  5. ^ a b Greeley 1856, p. 17.
  6. ^ Dubin 1998, p. 175n5.
  7. ^ Nevins, Allan (1947). Ordeal of the Union, Volume II: A House Dividing 1852-1857. New York: Scribner's. pp. 413–415.
  8. ^ Dubin 1998, p. 168.
  9. ^ Hough 1858, p. 75n3.
  10. ^ a b c Dubin 1998, p. 173.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Dubin 1998, p. 172.
  12. ^ a b c d Dubin 1998, p. 169.
  13. ^ Dubin 1998, pp. 169–70.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Dubin 1998, p. 170.
  15. ^ Dubin 1998, pp. 170–71.
  16. ^ Dubin 1998, pp. 171–72.
  17. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  18. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  19. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  20. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  21. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  22. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  23. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  24. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  25. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  26. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  27. ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  28. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  29. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  30. ^ Greeley 1855, p. 64.
  31. ^ Blackmar 1912, p. 559.
  32. ^ Morton 1907, p. 147.
  33. ^ Morton 1907, p. 190.
  34. ^ "We are authorized to announce [...]". Nebraska Palladium. November 8, 1854.
  35. ^ "Letter to the editor". Daily Union. December 29, 1854.
  36. ^ Greeley 1856, p. 64.
  37. ^ a b c Andreas 1883, p. 211.
  38. ^ Bartlett 1865, p. 204.

Bibliography

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Primary sources

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Secondary sources

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