1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections

1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections
All 192 seats in the United States House of Representatives; 97 seats needed for a majority
	Results; National Union gain National Union hold; Democratic gain Democratic hold
Speaker before election; Schuyler Colfax; Republican-Union	Elected Speaker ; Schuyler Colfax; National Union

The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, to elect the 192 members and nine non-voting delegates of the House of Representatives. The National Union Party expanded their existing majority against the backdrop of the American Civil War.^[1]

Candidates listed as Republicans and Unionists won 99 seats in congressional elections held in 1862 and 1863; three Union Democrats and the lone Unconditional Union Democrat from Kentucky subsequently crossed the floor to give the Republican-Union coalition a narrow majority during the 38th United States Congress.^[2] The wartime coalition of Republicans, War Democrats, and border state unionists became the base for the National Union Party that held its national convention at Baltimore on June 7, 1864.^[3] Leading Unionists were pessimistic about their party's prospects during the summer of 1864, but the fall of Atlanta led to a dramatic reversal of fortunes ahead of the fall elections.^[4] The Union Party won a "sweeping victory" at the polls, carrying all but three states in the concurrent presidential election.^[5]

Unionists significantly improved their showing compared to the last elections, contributing three-quarters of the members of the 39th United States Congress.^[1] A majority of the members elected from Indiana and all but two from Ohio were Unionists.^[6] In Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, the elections were contested by Radical and Conservative Unionist factions, resulting in 15 Radical or Unconditional Unionists, 9 Conservatives, and 1 Independent Unionist elected to the 39th United States Congress.^[7]

Following the Confederate surrender, the former states of the Confederacy held congressional elections in 1865 and 1866, but only the members from Tennessee were seated by the House. The 10 remaining states were eventually readmitted between 1868 and 1870 during the 40th and 41st United States Congresses.^[8]

Results

Federal

↓
35	9	1	147
Democratic	Con	^[h]	National Union

1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections^[9]^[i]
Parties	Seats	Popular vote
1862–63	1864–65	±	%	Votes	%
	Union Party	56	132	40	68.75	1,997,418	51.53
	Republican Party	36
	Unconditional Union Party	1	15	14	7.81	134,560	3.47
Others	6	0	6	0.00	—
	National Union Party	99	147	48	76.56	2,131,978	55.00
	Democratic Party	73	35	38	18.23	1,620,556	41.81
	Conservative Party	1	9	8	4.69	88,474	2.28
	Independent Unionist	1	1		0.52	9,409	0.24
	Union Party (Kansas)	0	0		0.00	9,712	0.25
	Independent Democrat	0	0		0.00	695	0.02
Others	9	0	9	0.00	15,527	0.40
Total	183	192	9	100.00	3,876,351	100.00

Results by state

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic	Conservative	National Union	Others
Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Oregon	At-large	June 5, 1864	1	0		0		1		0
Vermont	District	September 6, 1864	3	0		0		3		0
Maine	District	September 11, 1864	5	0	1	0		5	1	0
Indiana	District	October 10, 1864	11	3	4	0		8	4	0
Ohio	District	19	2	12	0		17	12	0
Pennsylvania	District	24	8	4	0		16	4	0
West Virginia	District	October 22, 1864	3	0		0		3		0
California	District	November 8, 1864 (Election Day)^[j]	3	0		0		3		0
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0		0
Illinois	Mixed^[k]	14	3	6	0		11	6	0
Iowa	District	6	0		0		6		0
Kansas	At-large	1	0		0		1		0
Maryland	District	5	2	1	0		3	1	0
Massachusetts	District	10	0		0		10		0
Michigan	District	6	0	1	0		6	1	0
Minnesota	District	2	0		0		2		0
Missouri	District	9	1	1	0	1	8^[l]	2	0
New Jersey	District	5	3	1	0		2	1	0
New York	District	31	11	6	0		20	6	0
Wisconsin	District	6	1	2	0		5	2	0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1865 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	District	March 14, 1865	3	0	1	0		3	1	0
Connecticut	District	April 3, 1865	4	0	1	0		4	1	0
Tennessee	District	August 3, 1865	8	0		4	4	4	4	0
Rhode Island	District	April 5, 1865	2	0		0		2		0
Kentucky	District	August 7, 1865	9	0		5	5	4	3	0	8^[m]
Nevada	At-large	November 7, 1865	1	0		0		1		0
Seceded states not yet readmitted
Alabama	District	November 6, 1865	6
Arkansas	District	October 9, 1865	3
Florida	At-large	November 29, 1865	1
Georgia	District	November 15, 1865	7
Louisiana	District	November 6, 1865	5
Mississippi	District	October 2, 1865	5
North Carolina	District	November 9, 1865	7
South Carolina	District	November 22, 1865	4
Texas	District	October 15, 1866	4
Virginia	District	October 12, 1865	8
Total^[b]	192^[c]	35	38	9	8	148	48	0	8
18.2%	4.7%	77.1%	0.0%

Popular vote

National Union		55.0%
Democratic		41.8%
Conservative		2.3%
Union (Kansas)		0.2%
Other		0.7%

House seats

National Union		76.6%
Democratic		18.2%
Conservative		4.7%
Independent Unionists		0.5%

New seats

One new seat was added for the new State of Nevada^[10] and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first Confederate state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.

Special elections

38th Congress

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[11]
Illinois 5	Owen Lovejoy	Republican- Union	1856	Incumbent died March 25, 1864. New member elected May 19, 1864. Union hold.	▌Y Ebon C. Ingersoll (Union) 62.91% ▌H. M. Wead (Democratic) 37.09%
New York 1	Henry G. Stebbins	Democratic	1862	Incumbent resigned October 24, 1864.^[12] New member elected November 8, 1864. Democratic hold.	▌Y Dwight Townsend (Democratic) 54.92% ▌Henry G. Stebbins (Union) 45.08%

39th Congress

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 2	Edwin H. Webster	Union	1859	Incumbent resigned July 1865.^[13] New member elected November 7, 1865. Union hold.	▌Y John L. Thomas (Union) 83.21% ▌William Kimmell (Democratic) 16.79%
Massachusetts 6	Daniel W. Gooch	Union	1858 (special)	Incumbent resigned September 1, 1865.^[14] New member elected November 7, 1865. Union hold.	▌Y Nathaniel P. Banks (Union) 80.75% ▌Thomas J. Greenwood (Democratic) 19.25%
New York 16	Orlando Kellogg	Union	1862	Incumbent died August 24, 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. Union hold.	▌Y Robert S. Hale (Union) 54.45% ▌Halsey R. Wing (Democratic) 45.55%

Alabama

Alabama held elections on November 6, 1865, following the end of the Civil War; the winners of the elections were subsequently not seated.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[15]
Alabama 1	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 12, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Charles C. Langdon (Unknown) 63.84% ▌Thomas J. Matthews (Unknown) 21.93% ▌S. B. Cleveland (Unknown) 14.23%
Alabama 2	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 12, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y George C. Freeman (Unknown) 82.86% ▌Benjamin Gardiner (Unknown) 17.14%
Alabama 3	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 12, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Cullen A. Battle (Unknown) 43.80% ▌George Reese (Unknown) 23.40% ▌Robert F. Lyon (Unknown) 22.32% ▌E. J. Hamil (Unknown) 6.40% ▌John H. Cadenhead (Unknown) 4.09%
Alabama 4	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 12, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Joseph W. Taylor (Unknown) 62.23% ▌Columbus W. Lee (Unknown) 37.77%
Alabama 5	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 12, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Burrwell Pope (Unknown) 39.00% ▌James M. Shield (Unknown) 38.64% ▌J. R. Morris (Unknown) 19.64% ▌A. C. Bryan (Unknown) 1.12% ▌John Murrell (Unknown) 0.89% ▌A. B. Condit (Unknown) 0.72%
Alabama 6	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 12, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Thomas J. Foster (Unknown) 58.58% ▌C. C. Sheets (Unknown) 33.10% ▌Jesse J. Garth (Unknown) 8.32

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Arkansas

Arkansas held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill vacancies in the 38th Congress and elect representatives to the 39th Congress.

38th Congress

Arkansas did not hold elections for the 38th Congress in 1862 or 1863. Late elections were held from March 14–16, 1864, but the winners were not seated by the House.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[11]
Arkansas 1	Vacant	Seat vacant since May 6, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y T. M. Jacks (Unknown)
Arkansas 2	Vacant	Seat vacant since May 6, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Anthony A. C. Rogers (Unknown)
Arkansas 3	Vacant	Seat vacant since May 6, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y James M. Johnson (Unknown)

39th Congress

Arkansas held elections for the 39th Congress on October 9, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[15]
Arkansas 1	Vacant	Seat vacant since May 6, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y William Byers (Unknown) ▌T. M. Jacks (Unknown)
Arkansas 2	Vacant	Seat vacant since May 6, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y G. H. Kyle (Unknown) ▌John H. Askew (Unknown) ▌Lorenzo Gibson (Unknown) ▌C. V. Meador (Unknown)
Arkansas 3	Vacant	Seat vacant since May 6, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y James M. Johnson (Unknown) ▌John T. Loudon (Unknown)

California

California elected its members on November 8, 1864.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[16]
California 1 New seat	Cornelius Cole Redistricted from the at-large district.	Republican- Union	1863	Incumbent retired. Union hold.	▌Y Donald C. McRuer (Union) 58.93% ▌Joseph B. Crockett (Democratic) 41.07%
California 2 New seat	William Higby Redistricted from the at-large district.	Republican- Union	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Higby (Union) 61.62% ▌James W. Coffroth (Democratic) 38.38%
California 3 New seat	Thomas B. Shannon Redistricted from the at-large district.	Republican- Union	1863	Incumbent lost renomination.^[17] Union hold.	▌Y John Bidwell (Union) 56.12% ▌Jack Temple (Democratic) 43.88%

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its members on April 3, 1865, after the start of the term but before Congress convened.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[18]
Connecticut 1	Henry C. Deming	Republican- Union	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry C. Deming (Union) 56.93% ▌Henry A. Mitchell (Democratic) 43.07%
Connecticut 2	James E. English	Democratic	1861	Incumbent retired. Union gain.	▌Y Samuel L. Warner (Union) 54.13% ▌Edward A. Russell (Democratic) 45.87%
Connecticut 3	Augustus Brandegee	Republican- Union	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Augustus Brandegee (Union) 66.33% ▌Frederick L. Allan (Democratic) 33.67%
Connecticut 4	John H. Hubbard	Republican- Union	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John H. Hubbard (Union) 56.32% ▌William F. Taylor (Democratic) 43.68%

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Delaware elected its member on November 8, 1864.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[16]
Delaware at-large	Nathaniel B. Smithers	Republican- Union	1863 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y John A. Nicholson (Democratic) 51.50% ▌Nathaniel B. Smithers (Union) 48.50%

Florida

Florida held elections on November 29, 1865, following the end of the Civil War; the winners were subsequently not seated by the House.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[15]
Florida at-large	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 10, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Ferdinand McLeod (Unknown) 43.41% ▌D. P. Hogue (Unknown) 29.37% ▌J. W. Culpepper (Unknown) 10.26% ▌W. M. Ives (Unknown) 4.71% ▌W. H. Anson (Unknown) 2.91% ▌J. F. Johnston (Unknown) 2.79% ▌John W. Price (Unknown) 2.01% Scattering 4.50%

Georgia

Georgia held elections on November 15, 1865, following the end of the Civil War; the winners were subsequently not seated by the House.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[15]^[n]
Georgia 1	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 19, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Solomon Cohen (Unknown) 84.34% ▌Carey W. Styles (Unknown) 12.24% ▌Charles H. Hopkins (Unknown) 3.42%
Georgia 2	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 19, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Philip Cook (Unknown) 93.39% ▌C. McCay (Unknown) 6.61% ▌J. E. Blount (Unknown) 0.0%
Georgia 3	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 19, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Hugh Buchanan (Unknown) 50.09% ▌B. H. Bingham (Unknown) 49.91%
Georgia 4	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 19, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y E. G. Cabaniss (Unknown) 87.64% ▌A. J. Simmons (Unknown) 12.35% ▌A. J. Murray (Unknown) 0.0%
Georgia 5	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 19, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y James D. Matthews (Unknown) 37.68% ▌John Milledge (Unknown) 38.19% ▌Garnett Andrews (Unknown) 13.41% ▌A. Ranse Wright (Unknown) 10.72%
Georgia 6	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 19, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y John Christy (Unknown) 59.33% ▌Junius Hillyer (Unknown) 36.45% ▌[FNU] Johnson (Unknown) 2.19% ▌A. T. Lytle (Unknown) 2.04%
Georgia 7	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 19, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y William T. Wofford (Unknown) 71.26% ▌J. P. Hambleton (Unknown) 23.49% ▌H. G. Cole (Unknown) 5.25%

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[16]
Illinois at-large	James C. Allen	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Samuel W. Moulton (Union) 54.50% ▌James C. Allen (Democratic) 45.50%
Illinois 1	Isaac N. Arnold	Republican- Union	1860	Incumbent retired. Union hold.	▌Y John Wentworth (Union) 56.52% ▌Cyrus McCormick (Democratic) 43.48%
Illinois 2	John F. Farnsworth	Republican- Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John F. Farnsworth (Union) 77.75% ▌M. C. Johnson (Democratic) 22.25%
Illinois 3	Elihu B. Washburne	Republican- Union	1852	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elihu B. Washburne (Union) 67.92% ▌Elias B. Stiles (Democratic) 32.08%
Illinois 4	Charles M. Harris	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Abner C. Harding (Union) 51.61% ▌Charles M. Harris (Democratic) 48.39%
Illinois 5	Ebon C. Ingersoll	Republican- Union	1864 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ebon C. Ingersoll (Union) 61.67% ▌James C. Echels (Democratic) 38.33%
Illinois 6	Jesse O. Norton	Republican- Union	1862	Incumbent retired. Union hold.	▌Y Burton C. Cook (Union) 60.98% ▌Samuel K. Casey (Democratic) 39.02%
Illinois 7	John R. Eden	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Henry P. H. Bromwell (Union) 56.09% ▌John R. Eden (Democratic) 43.91%
Illinois 8	John T. Stuart	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Shelby M. Cullom (Union) 52.99% ▌John T. Stuart (Democratic) 47.01%
Illinois 9	Lewis W. Ross	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lewis W. Ross (Democratic) 55.55% ▌Hugh Fullerton (Union) 44.45%
Illinois 10	Anthony L. Knapp	Democratic	1861 (special)	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Anthony Thornton (Democratic) 58.13% ▌N. M. Knapp (Union) 41.87%
Illinois 11	James C. Robinson	Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Samuel S. Marshall (Democratic) 60.96% ▌Ethelbert Callahan (Union) 39.04%
Illinois 12	William R. Morrison	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Jehu Baker (Union) 50.16% ▌William R. Morrison (Democratic) 49.84%
Illinois 13	William J. Allen	Democratic	1862 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Andrew J. Kuykendall (Union) 52.18% ▌William J. Allen (Democratic) 47.82%

Indiana

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[16]
Indiana 1	John Law	Democratic	1860	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y William E. Niblack (Democratic) 53.86% ▌Cyrus M. Allen (Union) 46.14%
Indiana 2	James A. Cravens	Democratic	1860	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Michael C. Kerr (Democratic) 55.61% ▌William W. Curry (Union) 44.39%
Indiana 3	Henry W. Harrington	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Ralph Hill (Union) 51.82% ▌Henry W. Harrington (Democratic) 48.18%
Indiana 4	William S. Holman	Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. Union gain.	▌Y John H. Farquhar (Union) 50.17% ▌George Berry (Democratic) 49.83%
Indiana 5	George W. Julian	Republican- Union	1860	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George W. Julian (Union) 68.13% ▌James Brown (Democratic) 31.87%
Indiana 6	Ebenezer Dumont	Republican- Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ebenezer Dumont (Union) 63.41% ▌John Love (Democratic) 36.59%
Indiana 7	Daniel W. Voorhees	Democratic	1860	Incumbent re-elected. Winner subsequently unseated February 23, 1866, in favor of challenger.	▌Y Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic) 51.16% ▌Henry D. Washburn (Union) 48.84%
Indiana 8	Godlove S. Orth	Republican- Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Godlove S. Orth (Union) 52.29% ▌James F. Harney (Democratic) 47.71%
Indiana 9	Schuyler Colfax	Republican- Union	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Schuyler Colfax (Union) 52.16% ▌David Turpie (Democratic) 47.84%
Indiana 10	Joseph K. Edgerton	Democratic	1852	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Joseph H. Defrees (Union) 51.01% ▌Joseph K. Edgerton (Democratic) 48.99%
Indiana 11	James F. McDowell	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain.	▌Y Thomas N. Stilwell (Union) 53.86% ▌James F. McDowell (Democratic) 46.17%

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Kentucky elected its members on August 7, 1865, after the term began but before Congress convened.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[19]
Kentucky 1	Lucien Anderson	Union Democratic	1863	Incumbent retired. Conservative gain.	▌Y Lawrence S. Trimble (Conservative) 61.89% ▌C. D. Bradley (Unconditional Union) 38.11%
Kentucky 2	George H. Yeaman	Union Democratic	1862 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Conservative gain.	▌Y Burwell C. Ritter (Conservative) 54.66% ▌George H. Yeaman (Unconditional Union) 45.34%
Kentucky 3	Henry Grider	Union Democratic	1861	Incumbent re-elected as a Conservative. Conservative gain.	▌Y Henry Grider (Conservative) 57.27% ▌J. H. Lowry (Unconditional Union) 42.73%
Kentucky 4	Aaron Harding	Union Democratic	1861	Incumbent re-elected as a Conservative. Conservative gain.	▌Y Aaron Harding (Conservative) 72.10% ▌Marion C. Taylor (Unconditional Union) 27.90%
Kentucky 5	Robert Mallory	Union Democratic	1859	Incumbent lost re-election. Unconditional Union gain.	▌Y Lovell Rousseau (Unconditional Union) 54.11% ▌Robert Mallory (Conservative) 44.26% ▌Mark Munday (Conservative) 1.63%
Kentucky 6	Green C. Smith	Unconditional Union	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Green C. Smith (Unconditional Union) 54.42% ▌Andrew H. Ward (Conservative) 45.58%
Kentucky 7	Brutus J. Clay	Union Democratic	1863	Incumbent retired. Conservative gain.	▌Y George S. Shanklin (Conservative) 65.91% ▌Speed S. Fry (Unconditional Union) 34.09%
Kentucky 8	William H. Randall	Union Democratic	1863	Incumbent re-elected as an Unconditional Unionist. Unconditional Union gain.	▌Y William H. Randall (Unconditional Union) 73.55% ▌Thomas T. Garrard (Conservative) 26.45%
Kentucky 9	William H. Wadsworth	Union Democratic	1861	Incumbent retired. Unconditional Union gain.	▌Y Samuel McKee (Unconditional Union) 56.67% ▌J. Smith Hart (Conservative) 43.33%

Louisiana

Louisiana held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill vacancies in the 38th Congress and elect representatives to the 39th Congress.

38th Congress

Louisiana held no elections for the 38th Congress in 1862 or 1863 as a result of secession. Late elections were held on September 5, 1864, but the elected members were not seated by the House.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[11]
Louisiana 1	Vacant	Seat vacant since March 4, 1863. Winner not seated.	▌Y M. F. Bonzano (Unknown) 51.54% ▌Edmund Abell (Unknown) 48.46%
Louisiana 2	Vacant	Seat vacant since March 4, 1863. Winner not seated.	▌Y A. P. Field (Unknown) 57.38% ▌A. P. Dostie (Unknown) 42.62%
Louisiana 3	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 26, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y W. D. Mann (Unknown) 95.02% ▌Scattering 4.98%
Louisiana 4	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 26, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y T. M. Welles (Unknown) 100.0%
Louisiana 5	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 26, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Robert W. Taliaferro (Unknown) 100.0%

39th Congress

Louisiana held elections for the 39th Congress on November 6, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the elected members were not seated by the House.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[20]
Louisiana 1	Vacant	Seat vacant since March 4, 1863. Winner not seated.	▌Y Louis St. Martin (Democratic) 74.00% ▌Edmond Abell (Conservative Union) 25.39% Scattering 0.60%
Louisiana 2	Vacant	Seat vacant since March 4, 1863. Winner not seated.	▌Y Jacob Barker (Democratic) 68.98% ▌B. L. Lynch (Independent^[21]) 14.78% ▌A. P. Field (Conservative Union) 10.21% ▌J. W. Overall (Independent^[22]) 6.03%
Louisiana 3	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 26, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y Robert C. Wickliffe (Democratic) 62.26% ▌J. H. Muse (Unknown) 30.48% ▌W. Mithoff (Conservative Union) 6.37% ▌Louis St. Martin (Democratic) 0.34% Scattering 0.55%
Louisiana 4	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 26, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y John E. King (Democratic) 45.15% ▌A. Duperier (Conservative Union) 30.35% ▌J. M. Graham (Unknown) 11.38% ▌John G. Pratt (Democratic) 9.87% ▌F. L. Claiborne (Unknown) 2.84% ▌L. Duprier (Unknown) 0.41%
Louisiana 5	Vacant	Seat vacant since January 26, 1861. Winner not seated.	▌Y John Ray (Conservative Union) 61.38% ▌J. Smith Young (Democratic) 38.62%

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Thomas D. Eliot	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas D. Eliot (National Union) 82.77% ▌Sylvanus B. Phinney (Democratic) 17.23%
Massachusetts 2	Oakes Ames	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Oakes Ames (National Union) 72.07% ▌James Maguire (Democratic) 27.93%
Massachusetts 3	Alexander H. Rice	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alexander H. Rice (National Union) 62.35% ▌John S. Sleeper (Democratic) 37.65%
Massachusetts 4	Samuel Hooper	National Union	1861 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel Hooper (National Union) 65.48% ▌Josiah Gardner Abbott (Democratic) 34.52%
Massachusetts 5	John B. Alley	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John B. Alley (National Union) 75.89% ▌Joseph B. Morse (Democratic) 24.11%
Massachusetts 6	Daniel W. Gooch	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Daniel W. Gooch (National Union) 71.66% ▌Thomas J. Greenwood (Democratic) 28.34%
Massachusetts 7	George S. Boutwell	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George S. Boutwell (National Union) 68.99% ▌Theodore H. Sweetser (Democratic) 31.01%
Massachusetts 8	John D. Baldwin	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John D. Baldwin (National Union) 74.75% ▌George Hodges (Democratic) 25.25%
Massachusetts 9	William B. Washburn	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William B. Washburn (National Union) 81.47% ▌Nathaniel Wood (Democratic) 18.53%
Massachusetts 10	Henry Laurens Dawes	National Union	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry L. Dawes (National Union) 64.74% ▌Harry Arnold (Democratic) 35.26%

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Mississippi did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.

Missouri

Montana Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nevada

38th Congress

On October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican Henry G. Worthington to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nevada at-large	New state	New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y Henry G. Worthington (Republican) 9,776 votes Other 6,552 votes^[23]

39th Congress

Worthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican Delos R. Ashley was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nevada at-large	Henry G. Worthington	Republican	1864 (new state)	Incumbent lost renomination.^[23] Republican hold.	▌Y Delos R. Ashley (Republican) 3,691 votes ▌Henry K. Mitchell 2,215 votes^[24]

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

North Carolina

North Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.

Ohio

Ohio's delegation swung from 14–5 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[25]
Ohio 1	George H. Pendleton	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired to run for Vice President. Republican gain.	▌Y Benjamin Eggleston (Republican) 57.0% ▌George E. Pugh (Democratic) 43.0%
Ohio 2	Alexander Long	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain.	▌Y Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) 58.7% ▌Joseph C. Butler (Democratic) 41,3%
Ohio 3	Robert C. Schenck	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert C. Schenck (Republican) 55.3% ▌David A. Houk (Democratic) 44.7%
Ohio 4	John F. McKinney	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y William Lawrence (Republican) 56.1% ▌John F. McKinney (Democratic) 43.9%
Ohio 5	Francis C. Le Blond	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Francis C. Le Blond (Democratic) 55.2% ▌Moses B. Walker (Republican) 44.8%
Ohio 6	Chilton A. White	Democratic	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Reader W. Clarke (Republican) 55.4% ▌Chilton A. White (Democratic) 44.6%
Ohio 7	Samuel S. Cox	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 57.1% ▌Samuel S. Cox (Democratic) 42.9%
Ohio 8	William Johnston	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y James R. Hubbell (Republican) 54.8% ▌William Johnston (Democratic) 45.2%
Ohio 9	Warren P. Noble	Democratic	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Ralph P. Buckland (Republican) 73.6% ▌Warren P. Noble (Democratic) 26.4%
Ohio 10	James M. Ashley	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James M. Ashley (Republican) 51.8% ▌Americus V. Rice (Democratic) 48.2%
Ohio 11	Wells A. Hutchins	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Hezekiah S. Bundy (Republican) 59.8% ▌Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 40.2%
Ohio 12	William E. Finck	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William E. Finck (Democratic) 53.3% ▌Job E. Stevenson (Republican) 46.7%
Ohio 13	John O'Neill	Democratic	1862	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Columbus Delano (Republican) 50.5% ▌Charles Follett (Republican) 49.5%
Ohio 14	George Bliss	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Martin Welker (Republican) 55.5% ▌George Bliss (Democratic) 44.5%
Ohio 15	James R. Morris	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Tobias A. Plants (Republican) 57.3% ▌James R. Morris (Democratic) 42.7%
Ohio 16	Joseph W. White	Democratic	1882	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y John Bingham (Republican) 52.7% ▌Joseph W. White (Democratic) 47.3%
Ohio 17	Ephraim R. Eckley	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ephraim R. Eckley (Republican) 59.3% ▌Jonathan H. Wallace (Democratic) 40.7%
Ohio 18	Rufus P. Spalding	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Rufus P. Spalding (Republican) 68.5% ▌Jeptha Wade (Democratic) 31.5%
Ohio 19	James A. Garfield	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Garfield (Republican) 74.1% ▌Halsey H. Moses (Democratic) 25.9%

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.

Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 3, 1865.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y Nathaniel G. Taylor (Union) 46.39% ▌J. K. Miller (Conservative) 38.98% ▌James H. Randolph (Unknown) 14.41% ▌Thomas D. Arnold (Unknown) 0.23%^[26]
Tennessee 2	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y Horace Maynard (Union) 55.97% ▌Joseph A. Cooper (Conservative) 18.17% ▌Leonidas C. Houk (Union) 14.54% ▌Robert K. Byrd (Union) 9.46% ▌William Heiskell (Opposition) 1.70% ▌[FNU] Wills (Union) 0.16%^[27]^[28]
Tennessee 3	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y William B. Stokes (Union) 56.75% ▌Asa Faulkner (Conservative) 32.48% ▌John R. Hood (Unknown) 10.77%^[29]
Tennessee 4	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y Edmund Cooper (Union) 97.17% ▌James Mullins (Unknown) 2.83%^[30]
Tennessee 5	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y William B. Campbell (Union) 78.46% ▌Sand J. Carter (Union) 21.35% Scattering 0.19%^[31]
Tennessee 6	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y Samuel M. Arnell (Union) 74.79% ▌Dorsey B. Thomas (Conservative) 25.21%^[32]
Tennessee 7	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y Isaac R. Hawkins (Union) 64.62% ▌Emerson Etheridge (Conservative) 35.38%^[33]
Tennessee 8	None (vacant due to Civil War)	New member elected. Union gain.	▌Y John W. Leftwich (Union) 47.99% ▌John Bullock (Union) 17.21% ▌R. S. Saunders (Unknown) 16.87% ▌William C. Dunlap (Conservative) 15.06% ▌William Hunter (Unknown) 2.87%^[34]

Texas

Texas did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[35]
Vermont 1	Frederick E. Woodbridge	Republican	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frederick E. Woodbridge (National Union) 73.8% ▌Samuel Wells (Democratic) 25.9%
Vermont 2	Justin S. Morrill	Republican	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Justin S. Morrill (National Union) 72.0% ▌Robert K. M. Ormsby (Democratic) 27.8%
Vermont 3	Portus Baxter	Republican	1860	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Portus Baxter (National Union) 74.0% ▌Giles Harrington (Democratic) 25.9%

Virginia

Virginia did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Jacob B. Blair	Unconditional Union	1863	Incumbent retired. Unconditional Union hold.	▌Y Chester D. Hubbard (Unconditional Union) 62.52% ▌Samuel Crane (Independent) 37.48%^[36]
West Virginia 2	William G. Brown Sr.	Unconditional Union	1863	Incumbent retired. Unconditional Union hold.	▌Y George R. Latham (Unconditional Union) 84.46% ▌William B. Zinn (Independent) 10.75% ▌Fontain Smith (Independent) 4.39% ▌W. S. Richardson (Independent) 0.40%^[37]
West Virginia 3	Kellian Whaley	Unconditional Union	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Kellian Whaley (Unconditional Union) 66.79% ▌John M. Phelps (Independent) 33.21%^[38]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.

District	Incumbent	This race
Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[39]
Wisconsin 1	James S. Brown	Democratic	1862	Incumbent withdrew from election. National Union gain.	▌Y Halbert E. Paine (National Union) 50.9% ▌John W. Cary (Democratic) 49.1%
Wisconsin 2	Ithamar Sloan	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket. Republican hold.	▌Y Ithamar Sloan (National Union) 60.3% ▌George Baldwin Smith (Democratic) 39.7%
Wisconsin 3	Amasa Cobb	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket. Republican hold.	▌Y Amasa Cobb (National Union) 63.2% ▌Charles Rodolf (Democratic) 36.8%
Wisconsin 4	Charles A. Eldredge	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles A. Eldredge (Democratic) 58.9% ▌A. Scott Sloan (National Union) 41.1%
Wisconsin 5	Ezra Wheeler	Democratic	1862	Incumbent retired. National Union gain.	▌Y Philetus Sawyer (National Union) 56.8% ▌Gabriel Bouck (Democratic) 43.2%
Wisconsin 6	Walter D. McIndoe	Republican	1862 (special)	Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket. Republican hold.	▌Y Walter D. McIndoe (National Union) 66.3% ▌Henry Reed (Democratic) 33.7%

Non-voting delegates

38th Congress

District	Incumbent	This race
Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large	None (new seat)	New seat. Union gain.	▌Y Charles D. Poston (Union) 58.08% ▌Charles Lieb (Union) 25.54% ▌William D. Bradshaw (Democratic) 7.46% ▌William J. Berry (Unknown) 5.42% ▌Sam Adams (Unknown) 3.50%^[40]
Montana Territory at-large	None (new seat)	New seat. Democratic gain.	▌Y Samuel McLean (Democratic) 67.96% ▌Wilbur F. Sanders (Union) 32.04%^[41]

39th Congress

District	Incumbent	This race
Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large	Charles D. Poston	National Union	1864	Incumbent lost re-election. Union hold.	▌Y John N. Goodwin (Union) 54.98% ▌Joseph P. Allyn (Democratic) 29.22% ▌Charles D. Poston (Union) 15.80%^[42]^[43]
Colorado Territory at-large	Hiram P. Bennet	Republican- Union	1861	Incumbent retired. Anti-Statehood gain.	▌Y Allen A. Bradford (Anti-Statehood) 62.04% ▌John Chivington (Union) 37.96%^[44]
Dakota Territory at-large	John B. S. Todd	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Walter A. Burleigh (Republican) ▌John B. S. Todd (Democratic)
Idaho Territory at-large	William H. Wallace	Republican- Union	1863	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Edward D. Holbrook (Democratic) 53.33% ▌Samuel C. Parks (Union) 46.67%^[45]
Montana Territory at-large	Samuel McLean	Democratic	1864	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel McLean (Democratic) 61.12% ▌G. E. Upson (Union) 38.88%^[46]
Nebraska Territory at-large	Samuel Gordon Daily	Republican	1860 (won contest)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. Republican hold.	▌Y Phineas Hitchcock (Republican) 53.33% [data missing]
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large

Notes

^ Excluding special elections and states admitted after the start of Congress.
^ ^a ^b Including late elections.
^ ^a ^b An additional 50 seats were vacant as a result of Reconstruction.
^ Combined result for Republican-Union and Unconditional Union candidates in the last election.
^ Including 1 Independent Unionist and 1 War Democrat.
^ Including 1 Independent Unionist, John R. Kelso, elected from Missouri's 4th congressional district.
^ ^a ^b Including all votes for Independents, Independent Unionists, and Independent Democrats.
^ 1 Independent Unionist was elected.
^ Not including rejected elections in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.
^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
^ 13 single-member districts and 1 at-large seat
^ Including 1 Independent Unionist.
^ Union Democrats
^ Results from all districts are incomplete.

References

^ ^a ^b McPherson 1988, p. 805.
^ Dubin 1998, p. 197; Hood 1978, p. 205.
^ Smith 2006, p. 102.
^ McPherson 1988, pp. 770–71, 775.
^ Dell 1975, p. 308.
^ Dell 1975, pp. 300–301.
^ Hood 1978, pp. 213–14; Parrish 1973, p. 114; Alexander 1950, p. 113; Dubin 1998, pp. 200–1.
^ Dubin 1998, pp. x–xi.
^ Dubin 1998, pp. 198–201.
^ 14 Stat. 391
^ ^a ^b ^c Dubin 1998, p. 196.
^ Dubin 1998, p. 197n8.
^ Dubin 1998, p. 203n2.
^ Dubin 1998, p. 203n3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dubin 1998, p. 201.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dubin 1998, p. 198.
^ Dell 1975, p. 305.
^ Dubin 1998, p. 200.
^ Dubin 1998, pp. 200–1; Hood 1978, p. 212.
^ Dubin 1998, p. 196; Ficklen 1910, p. 111n1; Evening Journal Almanac 1866, p. 47.
^ "Local Intelligence". New Orleans Tribune. November 4, 1865.
^ "John W. Overall, Esq". Baton Rouge Tri-Weekly Gazette and Comet. October 26, 1865.
^ ^a ^b History of Nevada, p. 87.
^ History of Nevada, p. 88–89.
^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 195, 196.
^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "Vote of the Knoxville District," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 13 September 1865, p. 2.
^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
^ Wagoner 1970, p. 44.
^ Sanders 1913, p. 397.
^ Wagoner 1970, p. 61.
^ "Arizona". New York Daily Tribune. November 22, 1865.
^ Stone 1918, p. 420; Hoig 1961, p. 135.
^ Idaho State Historical Society 1985.
^ Sanders 1913, p. 398.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Evening Journal Almanac (1866). The Evening Journal Almanac: 1866. Albany.

Secondary sources

Alexander, Thomas B. (1950). Political Reconstruction in Tennessee. New York: Russell and Russell.
Dell, Christopher (1975). Lincoln and the War Democrats: The Grand Erosion of Conservative Tradition. Rutherford, NJ: Farleigh Dickenson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-1466-2.
Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Ficklen, John Rose (1910). History of Reconstruction in Louisiana, through 1868. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
Hoig, Stan (1961). The Sand Creek Massacre. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Hood, James Larry (July 1978). "For the Union: Kentucky's Unconditional Unionist Congressmen and the Development of the Republican Party in Kentucky, 1863–1865". Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. 76 (3): 197–215. JSTOR 23378981.
Idaho State Historical Society (1985). "Idaho Territorial Election Returns, October 10, 1864" (PDF). Reference Series. Boise: Idaho State Historical Society.
McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University.
Parrish, William E. (1973). A History of Missouri, Volume 3: 1860 to 1875. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0-8262-0108-9.
Sanders, Helen Fitzgerald (1913). A History of Montana. Vol. 1. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company.
Smith, Adam I. P. (2006). No Party Now: Politics in the Civil War North. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518865-3.
Stone, William Fisk (1918). History of Colorado. Vol. 1. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company.
Thompson; West (1881). History of Nevada. Oakland, California: Oakland, Cal., Thompson and West. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory, 1863–1912: A Political History. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-0176-2.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
"Elections 1860 - 1869". JoinCalifornia / Election History for the State of California. Retrieved February 12, 2018.

[1] Excluding special elections and states admitted after the start of Congress.

[late-2] Including late elections.

[vacant-3] An additional 50 seats were vacant as a result of Reconstruction.

[4] Combined result for Republican-Union and Unconditional Union candidates in the last election.

[5] Including 1 Independent Unionist and 1 War Democrat.

[6] Including 1 Independent Unionist, John R. Kelso, elected from Missouri's 4th congressional district.

[others-7] Including all votes for Independents, Independent Unionists, and Independent Democrats.

[16] 1 Independent Unionist was elected.

[18] Not including rejected elections in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.

[19] In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.

[20] 13 single-member districts and 1 at-large seat

[21] Including 1 Independent Unionist.

[22] Union Democrats

[incomplete-32] Results from all districts are incomplete.

[FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988805-8] McPherson 1988, p. 805.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998197Hood1978205-9] Dubin 1998, p. 197; Hood 1978, p. 205.

[FOOTNOTESmith2006102-10] Smith 2006, p. 102.

[FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988770–71,_775-11] McPherson 1988, pp. 770–71, 775.

[FOOTNOTEDell1975308-12] Dell 1975, p. 308.

[FOOTNOTEDell1975300–301-13] Dell 1975, pp. 300–301.

[FOOTNOTEHood1978213–14Parrish1973114Alexander1950113Dubin1998200–1-14] Hood 1978, pp. 213–14; Parrish 1973, p. 114; Alexander 1950, p. 113; Dubin 1998, pp. 200–1.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998x–xi-15] Dubin 1998, pp. x–xi.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998198–201-17] Dubin 1998, pp. 198–201.

[23] 14 Stat. 391

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998196-24] Dubin 1998, p. 196.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998197n8-25] Dubin 1998, p. 197n8.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998203n2-26] Dubin 1998, p. 203n2.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998203n3-27] Dubin 1998, p. 203n3.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998201-28] Dubin 1998, p. 201.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998198-29] Dubin 1998, p. 198.

[FOOTNOTEDell1975305-30] Dell 1975, p. 305.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998200-31] Dubin 1998, p. 200.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998200–1Hood1978212-33] Dubin 1998, pp. 200–1; Hood 1978, p. 212.

[FOOTNOTEDubin1998196Ficklen1910111n1Evening_Journal_Almanac186647-34] Dubin 1998, p. 196; Ficklen 1910, p. 111n1; Evening Journal Almanac 1866, p. 47.

[35] "Local Intelligence". New Orleans Tribune. November 4, 1865.

[36] "John W. Overall, Esq". Baton Rouge Tri-Weekly Gazette and Comet. October 26, 1865.

[FOOTNOTEHistory_of_Nevada87-37] History of Nevada, p. 87.

[FOOTNOTEHistory_of_Nevada88–89-38] History of Nevada, p. 88–89.

[39] Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 195, 196.

[40] "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[41] "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[42] "Vote of the Knoxville District," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 13 September 1865, p. 2.

[43] "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[44] "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[45] "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[46] "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[47] "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[48] "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.

[49] "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.

[50] "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.

[51] "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.

[52] "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.

[53] "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.

[FOOTNOTEWagoner197044-54] Wagoner 1970, p. 44.

[FOOTNOTESanders1913397-55] Sanders 1913, p. 397.

[FOOTNOTEWagoner197061-56] Wagoner 1970, p. 61.

[57] "Arizona". New York Daily Tribune. November 22, 1865.

[FOOTNOTEStone1918420Hoig1961135-58] Stone 1918, p. 420; Hoig 1961, p. 135.

[FOOTNOTEIdaho_State_Historical_Society1985-59] Idaho State Historical Society 1985.

[FOOTNOTESanders1913398-60] Sanders 1913, p. 398.

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Results

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See also

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References

Bibliography

Primary sources

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Further reading

External links