Skip to main content Accessibility help

Login Alert

×

Menu links

  1. Browse
      1. Subjects
          1. Subjects (A-D)
            1. Anthropology
            2. Archaeology
            3. Area Studies
            4. Art
            5. Chemistry
            6. Classical Studies
            7. Computer Science
            8. Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies
          2. Subjects (E-K)
            1. Earth and Environmental Science
            2. Economics
            3. Education
            4. Engineering
            5. English Language Teaching – Resources for Teachers
            6. Film, Media, Mass Communication
            7. General Science
            8. Geography
            9. History
          3. Subjects (L-O)
            1. Language and Linguistics
            2. Law
            3. Life Sciences
            4. Literature
            5. Management
            6. Materials Science
            7. Mathematics
            8. Medicine
            9. Music
            10. Nutrition
          4. Subjects (P-Z)
            1. Philosophy
            2. Physics and Astronomy
            3. Politics and International Relations
            4. Psychiatry
            5. Psychology
            6. Religion
            7. Social Science Research Methods
            8. Sociology
            9. Statistics and Probability
        1. Open access
            1. All open access publishing
              1. Open access
              2. Open access journals
              3. Research open journals
              4. Journals containing open access
              5. Open access articles
              6. Open access books
              7. Open access Elements
          1. Journals
              1. Explore
                1. All journal subjects
                2. Search journals
              2. Open access
                1. Open access journals
                2. Research open journals
                3. Journals containing open access
                4. Open access articles
              3. Collections
                1. Cambridge Forum
                2. Cambridge Law Reports Collection
                3. Cambridge Prisms
                4. Research Directions
            1. Books
                1. Explore
                  1. Books
                  2. Open access books
                  3. New books
                  4. Flip it Open
                2. Collections
                  1. Cambridge Companions
                  2. Cambridge Editions
                  3. Cambridge Histories
                  4. Cambridge Library Collection
                  5. Cambridge Shakespeare
                  6. Cambridge Handbooks
                3. Collections (cont.)
                  1. Dispute Settlement Reports Online
                  2. Flip it Open
                  3. Hemingway Letters
                  4. Shakespeare Survey
                  5. Stahl Online
                  6. The Correspondence of Isaac Newton
              1. Elements
                  1. Explore
                    1. About Elements
                    2. Elements series
                    3. Open access Elements
                    4. New Elements
                  2. Subjects (A-E)
                    1. Anthropology
                    2. Archaeology
                    3. Classical Studies
                    4. Computer Science
                    5. Drama, Theatre, Performance Studies
                    6. Earth and Environmental Sciences
                    7. Economics
                    8. Education
                    9. Engineering
                  3. Subjects (F-O)
                    1. Film, Media, Mass Communication
                    2. History
                    3. Language and Linguistics
                    4. Law
                    5. Life Sciences
                    6. Literature
                    7. Management
                    8. Mathematics
                    9. Medicine
                    10. Music
                  4. Subjects (P-Z)
                    1. Philosophy
                    2. Physics and Astronomy
                    3. Politics and International Relations
                    4. Psychology
                    5. Religion
                    6. Sociology
                    7. Statistics and Probability
                1. Textbooks
                    1. Explore
                      1. Cambridge Higher Education
                      2. Title list
                      3. New titles
                  1. Collections
                      1. Book collections
                        1. Cambridge Companions
                        2. Cambridge Editions
                        3. Cambridge Histories
                        4. Cambridge Library Collection
                        5. Cambridge Shakespeare
                        6. Cambridge Handbooks
                      2. Book collections (cont.)
                        1. Dispute Settlement Reports Online
                        2. Flip it Open
                        3. Hemingway Letters
                        4. Shakespeare Survey
                        5. Stahl Online
                        6. The Correspondence of Isaac Newton
                      3. Journal collections
                        1. Cambridge Forum
                        2. Cambridge Law Reports Collection
                        3. Cambridge Materials
                        4. Cambridge Prisms
                      4. Series
                        1. All series
                    1. Partners
                        1. Partners
                          1. Agenda Publishing
                          2. Anthem Press
                          3. ARC Humanities Press
                          4. Boydell & Brewer
                          5. Bristol University Press
                          6. Central European University Press
                          7. Edinburgh University Press
                          8. Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research
                          9. Facet Publishing
                          10. Foundation Books
                        2. Partners (cont.)
                          1. Gerlach Press
                          2. Intersentia
                          3. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
                          4. Jagiellonian University Press
                          5. Manchester University Press
                          6. Multilingual Matters
                          7. Oxbow Books
                          8. Royal Economic Society
                          9. The University of Adelaide Press
                          10. Unisa Press
                        3. Partners (cont.)
                          1. Wits University Press
                    2. Services
                        1. About
                            1. About Cambridge Core
                              1. About
                              2. Accessibility statement
                              3. CrossMark policy
                              4. Ethical Standards
                            2. Environment and sustainability
                              1. Environment and sustainability
                              2. Reducing print
                              3. Journals moving to online only
                            3. Guides
                              1. User guides
                              2. User Guides and Videos
                              3. Support Videos
                              4. Training
                            4. Help
                              1. Cambridge Core help
                              2. Contact us
                              3. Technical support
                          1. Agents
                              1. Services for agents
                                1. Services for agents
                                2. Journals for agents
                                3. Books for agents
                                4. Price list
                            1. Authors
                                1. Journals
                                  1. Journal authors
                                  2. Journal publishing statistics
                                  3. Corresponding author
                                  4. Seeking permission to use copyrighted material
                                  5. Publishing supplementary material
                                  6. Preparing accessible materials
                                  7. Journal production - FAQs
                                2. Journals (cont.)
                                  1. Author affiliations
                                  2. Co-reviewing policy
                                  3. Anonymising your manuscript
                                  4. Publishing open access
                                  5. Convert your article to Gold Open Access
                                  6. Publishing Open Access - webinars
                                3. Journals (cont.)
                                  1. Preparing and submitting your paper
                                  2. Journals publication journey
                                  3. Publishing agreement FAQs for journal authors
                                  4. Author Information Form FAQs
                                  5. Promoting your published paper
                                  6. Measuring impact
                                  7. Journals artwork guide
                                  8. Using ORCID
                                4. Books
                                  1. Books
                                  2. Publishing your book open access
                                  3. Marketing your book
                                  4. Author guides for Cambridge Elements
                              1. Corporates
                                  1. Corporates
                                    1. Commercial reprints
                                    2. Advertising
                                    3. Sponsorship
                                    4. Book special sales
                                    5. Contact us
                                1. Editors
                                    1. Information
                                      1. Journal development
                                      2. Peer review for editors
                                      3. Open access for editors
                                      4. Policies and guidelines
                                    2. Resources
                                      1. The editor's role
                                      2. Open research for editors
                                      3. Engagement and promotion for editors
                                  1. Librarians
                                      1. Information
                                        1. Open Access for Librarians
                                        2. Transformative agreements
                                        3. Transformative Agreements - FAQs
                                        4. Evidence based acquisition
                                        5. Cambridge libraries of the world podcast
                                        6. Purchasing models
                                        7. Journals Publishing Updates
                                      2. Products
                                        1. Cambridge frontlist
                                        2. Cambridge journals digital archive
                                        3. Hot topics
                                        4. Other digital products
                                        5. Perpetual access products
                                        6. Price list
                                        7. Developing country programme
                                        8. New content
                                      3. Tools
                                        1. Eligibility checker
                                        2. Transformative agreements
                                        3. KBART
                                        4. MARC records
                                        5. Using MARCEdit for MARC records
                                        6. Inbound OpenURL specifications
                                        7. COUNTER usage reporting
                                      4. Resources
                                        1. Catalogues and resources
                                        2. Making the most of your EBA
                                        3. Posters
                                        4. Leaflets and brochures
                                        5. Additional resources
                                        6. Find my sales contact
                                        7. Training
                                        8. Read and publish resources
                                    1. Peer review
                                        1. Peer review
                                          1. How to peer review journal articles
                                          2. How to peer review book proposals
                                          3. How to peer review Registered Reports
                                          4. Peer review FAQs
                                          5. Ethics in peer review
                                          6. Online peer review systems
                                          7. A guide to Publons
                                      1. Publishing ethics
                                          1. Journals
                                            1. Publishing ethics guidelines for journals
                                            2. Core editorial policies for journals
                                            3. Authorship and contributorship for journals
                                            4. Affiliations for journals
                                            5. Research ethics for journals
                                            6. Competing interests and funding for journals
                                          2. Journals (cont.)
                                            1. Data and supporting evidence for journals
                                            2. Misconduct for journals
                                            3. Corrections, retractions and removals for journals
                                            4. Versions and adaptations for journals
                                            5. Libel, defamation and freedom of expression
                                            6. Business ethics journals
                                          3. Books
                                            1. Publishing ethics guidelines for books
                                            2. Core editorial policies for books
                                            3. Authorship and contributorship for books
                                            4. Affiliations for books
                                            5. Research ethics for books
                                            6. Competing interests and funding for books
                                          4. Books (cont.)
                                            1. Data and supporting evidence for books
                                            2. Misconduct for books
                                            3. Corrections, retractions and removals for books
                                            4. Versions and adaptations for books
                                            5. Libel, defamation and freedom of expression
                                            6. Business ethics books
                                        1. Publishing partners
                                            1. Publishing partners
                                              1. Publishing partnerships
                                              2. Book publishing partners
                                              3. eBook publishing partnerships
                                              4. Journal publishing partnerships
                                            2. Publishing partners (cont.)
                                              1. Journals publishing
                                              2. Customer support
                                              3. Membership Services
                                              4. Our Team
                                        2. Open research
                                            1. Open access policies
                                                1. Open access policies
                                                  1. Open research
                                                  2. Open access policies
                                                  3. Cambridge University Press and Plan S
                                                  4. Text and data mining
                                                  5. Preprint policy
                                                  6. Social sharing
                                                2. Journals
                                                  1. Open access journals
                                                  2. Gold Open Access journals
                                                  3. Transformative journals
                                                  4. Green Open Access policy for journals
                                                  5. Transparent pricing policy for journals
                                                3. Books and Elements
                                                  1. Open access books
                                                  2. Gold open access books
                                                  3. Green Open Access policy for books
                                                  4. Open access Elements
                                              1. Open access publishing
                                                  1. About open access
                                                    1. Open research
                                                    2. Open Access Week
                                                    3. What is open access?
                                                    4. Open access glossary
                                                    5. Open access myths
                                                    6. Hybrid Open Access FAQs
                                                    7. Eligibility checker
                                                  2. Open access resources
                                                    1. Open access resources
                                                    2. Benefits of open access
                                                    3. Creative commons licences
                                                    4. Funder policies and mandates
                                                    5. Article type definitions
                                                    6. Convert your article to Gold Open Access
                                                1. Open research initiatives
                                                    1. Research transparency
                                                      1. Transparency and openness
                                                      2. Open Practice Badges
                                                      3. OA organisations, initiatives & directories
                                                      4. Registered Reports
                                                      5. Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI)
                                                    2. Journal flips
                                                      1. Open access journal flips
                                                      2. OA Journal Flip FAQs
                                                    3. Flip it Open
                                                      1. Flip it Open
                                                      2. Flip it Open FAQs
                                                  1. Open access funding
                                                      1. Open access funding
                                                        1. Funding open access publication
                                                        2. Cambridge Open Equity Initiative
                                                        3. Completing a RightsLink (open access) transaction
                                                    1. Cambridge Open Engage
                                                        1. Cambridge Open Engage
                                                          1. Cambridge Open Engage
                                                          2. Partner With Us
                                                          3. Branded Hubs
                                                          4. Event Workspaces
                                                          5. Partner Resources
                                                          6. APSA Preprints
                                                          7. APSA Preprints FAQs
                                                    Hostname: page-component-5d84bcc8dc-jvs6m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-08-11T08:32:31.946Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

                                                    Standard Georgian

                                                    Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2006


                                                    Ryan K. Shosted
                                                    Affiliation:
                                                    Department of Linguistics, University of California at Berkeley shosted@berkeley.edu
                                                    Vakhtang Chikovani
                                                    Affiliation:
                                                    Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of California at Berkeley vchikovani@berkeley.edu

                                                    Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

                                                    Extract

                                                    Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

                                                    Georgian is a Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language spoken by 4 to 5 million people in the Republic of Georgia, with small diaspora communities spread out in a few republics of the former Soviet Union, Iran, and Turkey. Shanidze (1973) distinguishes six groups of Georgian dialects: Dasavluri (Imeruli, Guruli, Rachuli, Lechkhumuri); Ingilouri; Kartlur-Kakhuri (Kartluri, Kakhuri, Javakhuri, Meskhuri, Kizikuri); Mtiulur-Pshauri (Mtiulur-Gudamakruli, Pshauri); Pkhouri (Khevsuruli, Mokheuri, Tushuri); and Samkhret-Dasavluri (Acharuli, Imerkheuli). The Kartluri dialect is considered the basis of standard or literary Georgian. It is spoken in Kartli, an eastern Georgian province where Tbilisi, the Georgian capital, is located. Standard literary Georgian is discussed here. One male speaker from Tbilisi (the second author) was consulted for all the data presented in the illustration.


                                                    Information

                                                    Type
                                                    ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE IPA
                                                    Copyright
                                                    Journal of the International Phonetic Association 2006

                                                    Supplementary material: File

                                                    Standard-Georgian sound files

                                                    Sound files zipThese audio files are licensed to the IPA by their authors and accompany the phonetic descriptions published in the Journal of the International Phonetic Association. The audio files may be downloaded for personal use but may not be incorporated in another product without the permission of Cambridge University Press

                                                    Download Standard-Georgian sound files(File)
                                                    File 5 MB
                                                    You have Access
                                                    Cited by
                                                    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref.

                                                    2009. Illustrations of the IPA published inJIPA1998—2008. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 39, Issue. 1, p. 125.

                                                    2010. Illustrations of the IPA published in JIPA 1998–2009. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 40, Issue. 1, p. 129.

                                                    Vicenik, Chad 2010. An acoustic study of Georgian stop consonants. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 40, Issue. 1, p. 59.

                                                    2011. Illustrations of the IPA published in JIPA 1998–2010. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 41, Issue. 1, p. 127.

                                                    2012. Illustrations of the IPA published in JIPA 1998–2011. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 42, Issue. 1, p. 117.

                                                    2013. Illustrations of the IPA published in JIPA 1998–2012. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 43, Issue. 1, p. 121.

                                                    2014. Illustrations of the IPA published in JIPA 1998–2013. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 44, Issue. 1, p. 109.

                                                    2015. Illustrations of the IPA published in JIPA 1998–2014. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 45, Issue. 1, p. 105.

                                                    Dragojevic, Marko Berglund, Christofer and Blauvelt, Timothy K. 2015. Attitudes Toward Tbilisi- and Mingrelian-Accented Georgian Among Georgian Youth. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 34, Issue. 1, p. 90.

                                                    Jadoul, Yannick Ravignani, Andrea Thompson, Bill Filippi, Piera and de Boer, Bart 2016. Seeking Temporal Predictability in Speech: Comparing Statistical Approaches on 18 World Languages. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol. 10, Issue. ,

                                                    Beguš, Gašper 2017. Effects of ejective stops on preceding vowel duration. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 142, Issue. 4, p. 2168.

                                                    Coloma, Germán 2017. The existence of negative correlation between linguistic measures across languages. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, Vol. 13, Issue. 1, p. 1.

                                                    Dragojevic, Marko Berglund, Christofer and Blauvelt, Timothy K. 2018. Figuring Out Who’s Who: The Role of Social Categorization in the Language Attitudes Process. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 37, Issue. 1, p. 28.

                                                    Skopeteas, Stavros Féry, Caroline and Asatiani, Rusudan 2018. Information structure in lesser-described languages. Vol. 199, Issue. , p. 17.

                                                    Redmon, Charles and Jongman, Allard 2018. Source characteristics of voiceless dorsal fricatives. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 144, Issue. 1, p. 242.

                                                    Pouplier, Marianne Lentz, Tomas O. Chitoran, Ioana and Hoole, Philip 2020. The imitation of coarticulatory timing patterns in consonant clusters for phonotactically familiar and unfamiliar sequences. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology, Vol. 11, Issue. 1,

                                                    Brandt, Erika and Simpson, Adrian P. 2021. The production of ejectives in German and Georgian. Journal of Phonetics, Vol. 89, Issue. , p. 101111.

                                                    Baird, Louise Evans, Nicholas and Greenhill, Simon J. 2022. Blowing in the wind: Using ‘North Wind and the Sun’ texts to sample phoneme inventories. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol. 52, Issue. 3, p. 453.

                                                    Pouplier, Marianne Pastätter, Manfred Hoole, Philip Marin, Stefania Chitoran, Ioana Lentz, Tomas O. and Kochetov, Alexei 2022. Language and cluster-specific effects in the timing of onset consonant sequences in seven languages. Journal of Phonetics, Vol. 93, Issue. , p. 101153.

                                                    Lobzhanidze, Irina 2022. Finite-State Computational Morphology. p. 3.

                                                    ×
                                                    ×
                                                    Morty Proxy This is a proxified and sanitized view of the page, visit original site.

                                                    Save article to Kindle

                                                    To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

                                                    Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

                                                    Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

                                                    Standard Georgian
                                                    Available formats
                                                    ×

                                                    Save article to Dropbox

                                                    To save this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you used this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your Dropbox account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

                                                    Standard Georgian
                                                    Available formats
                                                    ×

                                                    Save article to Google Drive

                                                    To save this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you used this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your Google Drive account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

                                                    Standard Georgian
                                                    Available formats
                                                    ×
                                                    ×

                                                    Reply to: Submit a response

                                                    Contents help

                                                    - No HTML tags allowed
                                                    - Web page URLs will display as text only
                                                    - Lines and paragraphs break automatically
                                                    - Attachments, images or tables are not permitted

                                                    Please enter your response.

                                                    Your details

                                                    Email help

                                                    Your email address will be used in order to notify you when your comment has been reviewed by the moderator and in case the author(s) of the article or the moderator need to contact you directly.

                                                    Please enter a valid email address.

                                                    You have entered the maximum number of contributors

                                                    Conflicting interests

                                                    Do you have any conflicting interests? * Conflicting interests help

                                                    Please list any fees and grants from, employment by, consultancy for, shared ownership in or any close relationship with, at any time over the preceding 36 months, any organisation whose interests may be affected by the publication of the response. Please also list any non-financial associations or interests (personal, professional, political, institutional, religious or other) that a reasonable reader would want to know about in relation to the submitted work. This pertains to all the authors of the piece, their spouses or partners.