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Evidence of climate-driven changes on atmospheric, hydrological, and oceanographic variables along the Chilean coastal zone

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A Correction to this article was published on 28 December 2020

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Abstract

The Chilean coastal zone (CCZ) is subjected to a complex spectrum of anthropogenic, geophysical, biogeochemical, and climate-driven perturbations. Potentially affected variables including atmospheric sea level pressure (Pa), alongshore wind, sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, rainfall, river discharge, relative mean sea level (RMSL), and wave climate are studied using in situ and satellite records, hindcasts, and reanalysis datasets. Linear temporal trends and correlations of anomalies are estimated between 18°S and 55°S along the CCZ. The comparison of some of the variables is achieved by means of a strict homogenization procedure on a monthly basis for 35 years. Our findings show that the poleward drift and strengthening of the Southeast Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone (SPSA) partially explains the increase in Pa and reduction in rainfall and river discharge. The enhancement of alongshore winds, also attributable to changes in the SPSA, increases coastal upwelling, which in turn could reduce SST and increase chlorophyll-a. Despite differential latitudinal responses, increasing wave heights and a southward rotation are evidenced. RMSL does not show significant variation as it is presumably affected by seafloor changes during the seismic cycle. Though some correlations are evidenced, the influence of climate variability at decadal scale (PDO, SAM) may be affecting the detected trends due to the short length of available data. Impacts on coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems are discussed, aiming to highlight that coastal vulnerabilities and risk management should be based on the cumulative impacts of these variables.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the SHOA for providing tide gauge records. Professor J.C. Castilla provided valuable comments throughout the research.

Funding

CA and LF acknowledge support by FONDECYT grants 11171163 and 120086, respectively. CA, LF, and IM received support from FONDAP 1511009, while PW from FONDAP 15110017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil Oceánica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

    Patricio Winckler Grez & Catalina Aguirre

  2. Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Desastres Naturales (CIGIDEN-PUC), Santiago, Chile

    Patricio Winckler Grez

  3. Centro de Observación Marino para estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR-UV), Valparaíso, Chile

    Patricio Winckler Grez, Catalina Aguirre & Ítalo Masotti

  4. Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2), Santiago, Chile

    Catalina Aguirre, Laura Farías & Ítalo Masotti

  5. Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Laura Farías

  6. Facultad de Ingeniería y Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile

    Manuel Contreras-López

  7. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

    Ítalo Masotti

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  1. Patricio Winckler Grez
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Contributions

CA analyzed atmospheric variables, PW-MC wave climate and correlations, and LF-IM river discharge and chlorophyll-a. PW-LF-CA drafted the manuscript with major revisions by coauthors.

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Correspondence to Patricio Winckler Grez.

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Winckler Grez, P., Aguirre, C., Farías, L. et al. Evidence of climate-driven changes on atmospheric, hydrological, and oceanographic variables along the Chilean coastal zone. Climatic Change 163, 633–652 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02805-3

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