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Differential Positioning

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Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

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Zusammenfassung

This chapter describes the concepts of differential global navigation satellite system (GlossaryTerm

DGNSS

) positioning focusing on practical details given that the fundamental concepts have been covered in prior chapters. The chapter starts with a review of the general concepts of DGNSS, including a quantitative discussion on the biases in DGNSS measurements. The next section focusses on code-based DGNSS positioning, presenting an overview of DGNSS services as well as a brief discussion on the format and latency of DGNSS corrections. A significant part of this chapter is devoted to carrier-phase dominated DGNSS, or real-time kinematic (GlossaryTerm

RTK

) positioning. Besides a theoretical consideration that includes the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GlossaryTerm

GLONASS

) and multi-GNSS RTK, the section provides examples of RTK positioning performance that are obtained in practice. The last section details on network RTK, which is an extension of the standard RTK technique to cover longer distances.

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Abbreviations

BDS:

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

CDMA:

code division multiple access

DGNSS:

differential GNSS

EGNOS:

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

FDMA:

frequency division multiple access

GAGAN:

GPS-aided GEO Augmented Navigation

GBAS:

ground-based augmentation system

GEO:

geostationary Earth orbit

GLONASS:

Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema (Russian Global Navigation Satellite System)

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

GPT:

global pressure and temperature (model)

IGS:

International GNSS Service

IGSO:

inclined geo-synchronous orbit

LAMBDA:

least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment

MEO:

medium Earth orbit

MSAS:

Multi-Function Satellite Augmentation System

NMEA:

National Marine Electronics Association

PPP:

precise point positioning

PRC:

pseudorange correction

QZSS:

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

RINEX:

receiver independent exchange (format)

RRC:

range-rate correction

RTCM:

Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services

RTK:

real-time kinematic

SA:

selective availability

SBAS:

satellite-based augmentation system

SPP:

single point positioning

TEC:

total electron content

UTC:

Coordinated Universal Time

VHF:

very high frequency

VTEC:

vertical total electron content

WAAS:

Wide Area Augmentation System

ZTD:

zenith troposphere delay

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr Amir Khodabandeh of the GNSS Research Centre at Curtin University for his help with the writing of the GLONASS RTK section.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fugro Intersite B.V., Dillenburgsingel 69, 2263 HW, Leidschendam, Netherlands

    Dennis Odijk

  2. Geodetic Institute, Technical University Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 10, 01069, Dresden, Germany

    Lambert Wanninger

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Correspondence to Dennis Odijk .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Odijk, D., Wanninger, L. (2017). Differential Positioning. In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_26

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