This document is for an old version of Python that is no longer supported. You should upgrade and read the Python documentation for the current stable release.

20. Internet Protocols and Support¶

The modules described in this chapter implement Internet protocols and support for related technology. They are all implemented in Python. Most of these modules require the presence of the system-dependent module socket, which is currently supported on most popular platforms. Here is an overview:

20.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
- 20.1.1. Browser Controller Objects
20.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
- 20.2.1. Introduction
- 20.2.2. Using the cgi module
- 20.2.3. Higher Level Interface
- 20.2.4. Old classes
- 20.2.5. Functions
- 20.2.6. Caring about security
- 20.2.7. Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
- 20.2.8. Testing your CGI script
- 20.2.9. Debugging CGI scripts
- 20.2.10. Common problems and solutions
20.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts
20.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
- 20.4.1. wsgiref.util – WSGI environment utilities
- 20.4.2. wsgiref.headers – WSGI response header tools
- 20.4.3. wsgiref.simple_server – a simple WSGI HTTP server
- 20.4.4. wsgiref.validate — WSGI conformance checker
- 20.4.5. wsgiref.handlers – server/gateway base classes
- 20.4.6. Examples
20.5. urllib — Open arbitrary resources by URL
- 20.5.1. High-level interface
- 20.5.2. Utility functions
- 20.5.3. URL Opener objects
- 20.5.4. urllib Restrictions
- 20.5.5. Examples
20.6. urllib2 — extensible library for opening URLs
- 20.6.1. Request Objects
- 20.6.2. OpenerDirector Objects
- 20.6.3. BaseHandler Objects
- 20.6.4. HTTPRedirectHandler Objects
- 20.6.5. HTTPCookieProcessor Objects
- 20.6.6. ProxyHandler Objects
- 20.6.7. HTTPPasswordMgr Objects
- 20.6.8. AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.9. HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.10. ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.11. AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.12. HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.13. ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.14. HTTPHandler Objects
- 20.6.15. HTTPSHandler Objects
- 20.6.16. FileHandler Objects
- 20.6.17. FTPHandler Objects
- 20.6.18. CacheFTPHandler Objects
- 20.6.19. UnknownHandler Objects
- 20.6.20. HTTPErrorProcessor Objects
- 20.6.21. Examples
20.7. httplib — HTTP protocol client
- 20.7.1. HTTPConnection Objects
- 20.7.2. HTTPResponse Objects
- 20.7.3. Examples
20.8. ftplib — FTP protocol client
- 20.8.1. FTP Objects
- 20.8.2. FTP_TLS Objects
20.9. poplib — POP3 protocol client
- 20.9.1. POP3 Objects
- 20.9.2. POP3 Example
20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
- 20.10.1. IMAP4 Objects
- 20.10.2. IMAP4 Example
20.11. nntplib — NNTP protocol client
- 20.11.1. NNTP Objects
20.12. smtplib — SMTP protocol client
- 20.12.1. SMTP Objects
- 20.12.2. SMTP Example
20.13. smtpd — SMTP Server
- 20.13.1. SMTPServer Objects
- 20.13.2. DebuggingServer Objects
- 20.13.3. PureProxy Objects
- 20.13.4. MailmanProxy Objects
20.14. telnetlib — Telnet client
- 20.14.1. Telnet Objects
- 20.14.2. Telnet Example
20.15. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
- 20.15.1. Example
20.16. urlparse — Parse URLs into components
- 20.16.1. Results of urlparse() and urlsplit()
20.17. SocketServer — A framework for network servers
- 20.17.1. Server Creation Notes
- 20.17.2. Server Objects
- 20.17.3. Request Handler Objects
- 20.17.4. Examples
20.18. BaseHTTPServer — Basic HTTP server
- 20.18.1. More examples
20.19. SimpleHTTPServer — Simple HTTP request handler
20.20. CGIHTTPServer — CGI-capable HTTP request handler
20.21. cookielib — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
- 20.21.1. CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects
- 20.21.2. FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers
- 20.21.3. CookiePolicy Objects
- 20.21.4. DefaultCookiePolicy Objects
- 20.21.5. Cookie Objects
- 20.21.6. Examples
20.22. Cookie — HTTP state management
- 20.22.1. Cookie Objects
- 20.22.2. Morsel Objects
- 20.22.3. Example
20.23. xmlrpclib — XML-RPC client access
- 20.23.1. ServerProxy Objects
- 20.23.2. Boolean Objects
- 20.23.3. DateTime Objects
- 20.23.4. Binary Objects
- 20.23.5. Fault Objects
- 20.23.6. ProtocolError Objects
- 20.23.7. MultiCall Objects
- 20.23.8. Convenience Functions
- 20.23.9. Example of Client Usage
- 20.23.10. Example of Client and Server Usage
20.24. SimpleXMLRPCServer — Basic XML-RPC server
- 20.24.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects
  - 20.24.1.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Example
- 20.24.2. CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
20.25. DocXMLRPCServer — Self-documenting XML-RPC server
- 20.25.1. DocXMLRPCServer Objects
- 20.25.2. DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

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19.15. xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat

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20.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller

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