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elf

維基詞典,自由的多語言詞典
參見:ElfELF

英語

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英語維基百科有一篇條目關於:
Wikipedia en
An elf drawn by Piedachu Peris

其他形式

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詞源

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    繼承中古英語 elf繼承古英語 ielfælf繼承原始西日耳曼語 *albi繼承原始日耳曼語 *albiz。最終可追溯至原始印歐語 *h₂elbʰós (白色)英語 alf英語 awf英語 oaf同源對似詞。現代奇幻作品的用法最早由J·R·R·托爾金普及開來。

    發音

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    • 英語發音ĕlf國際音標(幫助): /ɛlf/
    • 音頻 (美國)(檔案)
    • 韻部:-ɛlf

    名詞

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    elf (複數 elves (非標準) elfs)

    1. (日耳曼神話) 与疾病、恶作剧以及有害或危险的魔法影响相关的超自然生物或精灵;在后来的北欧文献中,有时分为善的 light elves (住在 Álfheimr) 和惡的 dark elves
      • Template:RQ:Spenser Shepheardes Calender
      • 1590埃德蒙·斯宾塞,「Book III, Canto III」,收錄於仙后(The Faerie Qveene . [],London: [] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie→OCLC433
        The man whom heauens haue ordaynd to bee / The ſpouſe of Britomart, is Arthegall: / He wonneth in the land of Fayeree, / Yet is no Fary borne, ne ſib at all / To Elfes, but ſprong of ſeed terreſtriall, / And whylome by falſe Faries ſtolne away, / Whyles yet in infant cradle he did crall; / Ne other to himſelfe is knowne this day, / But that he by an Elfe was gotten of a Fay.
        那位天命所归、注定要成为 / 布里托玛特夫君的人,便是阿特加尔:/ 他如今在仙境中征战立业,/ 然而他并非生于仙族,/与精灵也毫无血缘亲属关系;/他本是出自尘世凡人的血脉,/昔日却曾被狡诈的仙子偷掳而去,/那时他尚在襁褓之中、爬卧于摇篮里;/直到今日,他自己也不知道自己的真实身世,/只以为自己乃是一位精灵与一位仙子所生。
      • 1594Tho[mas] NasheThe Terrors of the Night or, A Discourse of Apparitions,London: [] Iohn Danter for William Iones, []
        Their Robbin-good-fellowes, Elfes, Fairies, Hobgoblins of our latter age, which idolatrous former daies and the fantasticall world of Greece ycleaped Fawnes, Satyres, Dryades & Hamadryades, did most of their merry prankes in the Night.
        我们今日所谓的罗宾善伙伴、精灵、仙子与霍布哥布林,正是昔日异教时代以及充满奇幻想象的希腊世界所称的牧神、萨堤尔、树精和林木仙女;他们大多都在夜晚施行那些嬉戏捉弄人的把戏。
      • c. 1595–1596William Shakespeare,「A Midsommer Nights Dreame」,收錄於Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall CopiesFirst Folio),London: [] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount1623 出版,→OCLC,「[Act V, scene ii]」:
        Every elf, and fairy sprite, / Hop as light as bird from brier.
        每个精灵和仙子,/ 都像鸟儿一样轻盈地从荆棘丛中跳出。
      • 1649ΕΙΚΩΝ Ἡ ΠΙΣΤΗ. Or, The Faithfull Pourtraicture of a Loyall Subject, in Vindication of ΕΙΚΏΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΉ. []16頁:
        [] I had rather have a Child which my Wife ſhould bring me, though by another man, then to have a Changeling brought me by a company of Fairies, Elfs and Goblins: []
        [] 我宁愿妻子为我生一个孩子,哪怕是和别的男人所生,也不愿被一群仙子、精灵和哥布林换来一个孩子: []
      • 1657Peter HeylynCosmographie in Four Books. Containing the Chorographie and Historie of the Whole World, and All the Principal Kingdoms, Provinces, Seas, and Isles Thereof.,2nd版,London: [] Henry Seile, []131頁:
        The quarrel ſpreading into parties, called the Guelfs and the Gibellines, became at laſt the wonder and amazement of all good people: inſomuch as ſome are of opinion, that the fiction of the Elfs and Goblins, wherewith we uſe to fright young children, was derived from hence.
        这场纷争逐渐演变为两个派别,即圭尔夫派和吉伯林派之间的对立,最终竟成为所有善良正直之人惊异而震骇的话题:以至于有人认为,我们用来吓唬小孩的精灵和哥布林传说就是由此而演变来。
      • 1678The Shepherds Calendar: Containing Twelve Æglogues, Proportionable to the Twelve Months. [],London: [] Henry Hills for Jonathan Edwin, []26頁:
        The opinion of Fairies and Elfs is very old, and yet ſticketh very religiously in the minds of ſome. But to root that rank opinion of Elfs out of mens hearts, the truth is, that there be no ſuch things, nor yet the ſhadows of the things, but only by a ſort of bald Friers and knaviſh ſhavelings ſo faigned; []
        关于仙子和精灵的信仰由来已久,而且直到如今,仍有一些人对此深信不疑。然而,为了将人们心中这种根深蒂固的精灵信仰彻底铲除,我在这里要说的事实是:世上根本不存在这类东西,甚至连它们的影子都不存在;这一切不过是一帮秃顶的修士和狡诈无赖的剃发僧侣凭空捏造出来的罢了; []
      • Template:RQ:Dryden Metamorphoses
      • 1760Andrew Brice,「TUSCANY」,收錄於The Grand Gazetteer; or, Topographic Dictionary, &c.1322頁,第1列:
        [] the Devaſtations under the Goths, Guelphs, and Gibelines [whence ſome would derive the Terms of Elfs (or Elves) or Fairies, and Goblins (or Hobgoblins) or Spectres, &c.] []
        [] 哥特人、归尔甫人和吉伯林人统治下的蹂躏[由此衍生出精灵ElfsElves)、仙女(Fairies)、哥布林(GoblinsHobgoblins)或幽灵(Spectres)等词] []
      • 1845,Eric Gustave Geijer,The History of the Swedes,London:Whittaker and Co.,17頁,第2列:
        Here in the interior the saga placed the descendants of the demons (Troll) and elves (Alfvar), more hateful than all other men.
        传说中,这片内陆地区居住着恶魔(Troll)和精灵(Alfvar)的后裔,他们比所有其他人类都更加可憎。
      • 1850,Matthew Stewart,Remarks on the Subject of Language, with Some Observations in the Form of Notes, Illustrative of the Information Which Language May Afford of the History and Opinions of Mankind,London: [] Richard and John Edward Taylor, [], for, [] the Author,14頁:
        These Picts are the Clan Alpin, the Alps, or Elfs or Elves,— []
        这些皮克特人是亚尔宾王朝,也就是阿尔卑斯山人,或者叫精灵族,—— []
      • 1868S[abine] Baring-Gould,「The Piper of Hameln」,收錄於Curious Myths of the Middle Ages,second series,Philadelphia, Pa.:J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott & Co.;London: Rivingtons173
        The Arbhus became in Teutonic mythology the Alben, Elben or Elfen, our Elfs, and in Scandinavian the Alfar.
        在日耳曼神话中,阿尔布胡斯变成了阿尔本、埃尔本或埃尔芬,也就是我们所说的精灵;而在斯堪的纳维亚神话中,它变成了阿尔法尔。
      • 1868David Hume,William Cooke Stafford,The History of England, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time; Compiled from the Most Authentic Sources,第I卷,London;New York, N.Y.:The London Printing and Publishing Company, Limited,53頁,第1列:
        The elfs or elves were inhabitants of the fields and groves, the progenitors of the fairies of the middle ages; []
        精灵是田野和树林的居民,是中世纪仙子的祖先; []
      • 1879,William Henderson,「Index」,收錄於Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders. [],London: [] [F]or the Folk-Lore Society by W. Satchell, Peyton and Co., []364
        Eve, Danish legend of her concealing her unwashed children, from whom come elfs, trolls, &c.
        夏娃,丹麦传说中她藏匿了自己未受洗的孩子,精灵、巨魔等都是她的后代。
      • 1903Henry YuleA[rthur] C[oke] Burnell,「NAT, s.」,收錄於William Crooke(編),Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive,London:John Murray, []619,第2列:
        NAT, []; a term applied to all spiritual beings, angels, elfs, demons, or what not, including the gods of the Hindus.
        Nat(纳), [] 一个适用于一切灵性存在的总称,包括天使、精灵、恶魔等等,乃至印度教诸神亦包含在内。
      • 1917 November,Elizabeth Clendenning Ring,「Florence Earle Coates: Some Phases of Her Life and Poetry」,收錄於The Book News Monthly36卷,109,第1列:
        Elfs and fays, from their haunts in the mountains, whistle their eerie ballads above the gray roof of “Dove Cottage,” and dance their ghostly jigs on the huge hearthstone, among whose blazing logs the Fire God paints his immortal canvases, with colorings splendid beyond the dream of man.
        精灵和仙子从山中的巢穴里,在“鸽舍”灰色的屋顶上吹着诡异的歌谣,在巨大的炉石​​上跳着幽灵般的吉格舞,火神在燃烧的木柴间绘制着他不朽的画作,色彩绚丽,超乎人类的想象。
      • 2010,Heilan Yvette Grimes,The Norse Myths,Hollow Earth Publishing,→ISBN254頁:
        Alfs [elfs]: Another name for the elfs or elves.
        精灵(Alfs):精灵小精灵的另一个名称。
      • 1999Seamus HeaneyBeowulf,London:Faber and Faber,第6頁:
        Cain got no good from committing that murder
        because the Almighty made him anathema
        and out of the curse of his exile there sprang
        ogres and elves and evil phantoms[.]
        该隐并未因犯下那场谋杀而得到任何益处,
        因为全能的上帝使他受到了诅咒,
        而从他被放逐所受的咒诅之中,
        诞生了食人魔、精灵以及种种邪恶的妖魔鬼怪。
    2. (民間傳說) 一种类似小仙子的小型魔法生物,通常顽皮、爱玩,偶尔也会乐于助人
      • a. 1690William ClelandA Collection of Several Poems and Verses, Composed upon Various Occasions1697 出版,59頁:
        For there and ſeveral other places / About mill dams and green brae faces, / Both Elrich, Elfs and Brownies ſtayed, / And Green gown’d Farries daunc’d and played; []
        因为在那里,以及其他几处地方,磨坊水坝四周与青翠的山坡之上,都栖息着厄尔里奇、精灵和布朗尼;而身着绿色长袍的仙子则在那里翩翩起舞,嬉戏游乐; []
      • Template:RQ:Dryden Fables
      • 1802J[ames] Sibbald,「Glossary; or An Explanation of Ancient Scottish Words」,收錄於Chronicle of Scottish Poetry; From the Thirteenth Century, to the Union of the Crowns: To Which Is Added a Glossary,第IV卷,Edinburgh: [] [F]or J. Sibbald, [], [b]y C. Stewart & Co. []
        Farefolkis, fairies, elfs, or elves; []
        妖精、仙子、精灵 []
      • Template:RQ:Hawthorne Scarlet Letter
      • 1852,William Bell,Shakespeare’s Puck, and His Folkslore, Illustrated from the Superstitions of All Nations, but More Especially from the Earliest Religion and Rites of Northern Europe and the Wends,London,58頁:
        The next species of these airy nothings are the elfs, or elves; []
        接下来要介绍的这些轻盈的小家伙们,就叫做精灵 []
      • 1882年 10月7日,「The Life of George Cruikshank: in Two Epochs. By Blanchard Jerrold. []」,收錄於The Athenæum: Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama2867期,London: [] John C. Francis, []471頁,第1列:
        We may add, and our author has knowledge of the fact, that not even the Germans, those masterly delineators and imaginators of fairy-land, have shown greater or more exquisite insight into the lives and ways of elfs and fays than that which was shown by George Cruikshank.
        我们还可以补充一点——而且我们的作者对此事实也是知晓的——即便是德国人,那些描绘和构想仙境(fairy-land)的大家,也未曾比乔治·克鲁克香克展现出更高明、更精妙的洞察力,去把握精灵和仙子的生活与习性。
      • 1886Peter Christen Asbjørnsen,由 H.L. Brækstad,Folk and Fairy Tales281頁:
        All the fairy tales of my childhood were conjured up before my startled imagination, and appeared to be realised in the forms which surrounded me; I saw the whole forest filled with trolls, elves, and sporting dwarfs.
        我童年时所有的童话故事都浮现在我惊愕的想象中,并且似乎以各种形式在我周围变成现实;我看到整个森林里到处都是巨魔、精灵和嬉戏的矮人。
    3. (奇幻) 精灵身材高挑、纤细优雅、长着尖耳朵的种族,通常不死或非常长寿,并且拥有智慧和魔法能力
      • 1889 May,「[Literary Notices.] The Folk-Lore of Plants。By T. F. Thiselton Dyer []」,收錄於Popular Science128頁,第1列:
        Much of fairy lore clusters around the so-called fairy rings, that is, the green circles in old pastures within which the elfs were supposed to dance at night by the light of the moon.
        许多关于仙女的传说都围绕着所谓的仙女圈,也就是古老牧场上的绿色圆圈来展开,据说精灵们会在月光下于其中跳舞。
      • 1924Lord Dunsany,第VII章,收錄於The King of Elfland's Daughter,New York:G.P. Puttnam's Sons,59頁:
        He was not speaking troll-talk now, but the language of Elfland, that grander tongue that he had had to speak when he was before the King: for he knew the language of Elfland although it was never used in the homes of the trolls, who preferred troll-talk. This language was spoken in those days also by men, for there were fewer languages then, and the elves and the people of Erl both used the same.
        他现在说的不是巨魔语,而是精灵语,那种他觐见国王时必须说的、更为高贵的语言:因为他懂精灵语,尽管巨魔们从不用这种语言,他们更喜欢巨魔语。在那个时代,人类也说这种语言,因为那时语言种类较少,精灵和厄尔的人民都使用同一种语言。
      • 1937J·R·R·托爾金,「3: A Short Rest」,收錄於The Hobbit,Unwin Paperbacks,1983 出版,56頁:
        So they laughed and sang in the trees; and pretty fair nonsense I daresay you think it. Not that they would care they would only laugh all the more if you told them so. They were elves of course. Soon Bilbo caught glimpses of them as the darkness deepened. He loved elves, though he seldom met them; but he was a little frightened of them too.
        于是他们在树上又唱又笑;我敢说,你肯定觉得他们胡说八道。不过他们才不会在意呢,你要是说了,他们只会笑得更厉害。他们当然是精灵。夜色渐深,比尔博渐渐瞥见了他们的身影。虽然很少见到精灵,但他很喜欢他们,不过同时也有点害怕他们。
      • 2018,Virginia Loh-Hagan,Elves,Ann Arbor:45th Parallel Press,第9頁:
        Fantasy elves have human shapes. They're thin. They're tall. They're beautiful. They're blond. They have pointy ears.
        奇幻世界中的精灵拥有人类的外形。他们身材纤细,高挑,美丽动人,金发碧眼,长着尖尖的耳朵。
    4. (引申) Christmas elf的缩略形式
      • 1877Sidney Lanier,「The Hard Times in Elfland. A Story of Christmas Eve.」,收錄於[Mary Lanier](編),Poems of Sidney Lanier,New York, N.Y.:Charles Scribner’s Sons1884 出版,159
        Since you’ve been out, the news arrives / The Elfs’ Insurance Company’s gone.
        你离开后,消息传来/[圣诞]精灵保险公司倒闭了。
    5. (棄用) 侏儒,很矮的人[1]
    6. (南非) 扁鰺 (Pomatomus saltatrix)

    用法說明

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    近義詞

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    • (超自然生物) 參見 goblin (敵對)fairy (體型很小性格淘氣)

    下位詞

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    派生詞彙

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    相關詞彙

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    派生語彙

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    • 阿拉伯語:إِلْف (ʔilf)
    • 荷蘭語:elf
    • 法語:elfe
    • 德語:Elf, Elfe
    • 日語:エルフ (erufu)
    • 朝鮮語:엘프 (elpeu)
    • 俄語:эльф (elʹf)
    • 烏克蘭語:ельф (elʹf)

    動詞

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    elf (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 elfs,現在分詞 elfing,簡單過去時和過去分詞 elfed)

    1. (罕用) 绾结(头发)

    參見

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    參考資料

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    1. elf”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
    2. elfs,elues,elves”, in Google Books Ngram Viewer.
    3. H[enry] J[ohn] Todd(編) (1818),「ELF.† n. s.」,收錄於A Dictionary of the English Language; [],第II卷,London: [] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brownplural elfs and elves.
    4. James Knowles (1835), “ELF, e(7)lf´, n.”, in A Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language. [], London: F. de Porquet and Cooper, []; Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh; and Webb, Dublin, page 241, column 1:Pl. elfs and elves.
    5. James Bamford (1844), Elements of English Grammar, Simplified, page 53:Elf changes in the plural into elfs or elves; []
    6. Henry E[lliot] Shepherd (1883), “Nouns”, in A Grammar of the English Language, Baltimore, Md.: John B. Piet & Co., page 19:
      In words ending in f, of native origin, preceded by a long vowel sound, except oo, and in words ending in lf, the f is converted into its kindred letter, v, and the plural is formed by the addition of es; as, leaf, leaves; sheaf, sheaves; shelf, shelves. Under this rule also falls beef, beeves, which is of French origin. To this general rule, the great diversity of English usage will furnish exceptions; thus we have both elfs and elves, shelfs and shelves.
    7. K. T. B. (1885年), “On the Plural of Substantives in English”,Taalstudie. Tweemaandelijksch tijdschrift voor de studie der nieuwe talen.,Blom & Olivierse,第 89 頁:
      Wherever this struggle has not come to an end, both plural forms are occasionally found, as in elfs and elves, shelfs and shelves, wharfs and wharves (the dirty stream that ran oilily about the wharves; Murray: Life’s Atonement, II, 77), turfs and turves, mastiffs and mastives.
    8. Norman Foerster; J. M. Steadman, Jr. (1941), Writing and Thinking, pages 268–269:Nouns ending in -f are so variable in the plural (loaf: loaves, but chief: chiefs; dwarf: dwarfs; elf: elfs or elves) that one should be guided by the pronunciation of the plural, or, better still, should consult the dictionary when in doubt.
    9. Bertha M. Watts (1944), Modern Grammar at Work, Houghton Mifflin, page 96:
      A very few nouns ending in -f or -fe may be pluralized either by adding -s or by changing f or fe to v and adding -es: “scarf,” “scarfs” or “scarves”; “wharf,” “wharfs” or “wharves”; “staff,” “staffs” or “staves”; “elf,” “elfs” or “elves”; “hoof,” “hoofs” or “hooves.”
    10. Morton S. Freeman (1983), A Treasury for Word Lovers, Philadelphia, Pa.: ISI Press, →ISBN, page 225:Others have been dignified with two forms, both in good usage—elfs and elves, hoofs and hooves, scarfs and scarves, staffs and staves.
    11. Steve Ettlinger (1990),The Complete Illustrated Guide to Everything Sold in Garden Centers (Except the Plants)Macmillan Publishing Company→ISBNalso known as: Dwarfs, dwarves, elfs, elves, trolls, leprechauns
    • Marshall Jones Company (1930). Mythology of All Races Series, Volume 2 Eddic, Great Britain: Marshall Jones Company, 1930, pp. 220-221.

    異序詞

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    南非語

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    南非語數字 ()
     ←  10 11 12  → 
       基數詞elf
       序數詞elfde, elfste
       序數縮寫11de

    詞源

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    繼承荷蘭語 elf繼承中古荷蘭語 ellefelf繼承古荷蘭語 *ellef繼承原始日耳曼語 *ainalif

    發音

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    數詞

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    elf

    1. 十一

    加泰羅尼亞語

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    名詞

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    elf  (複數 elfs)

    1. (神話) 精靈

    捷克語

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    捷克語維基百科有一篇條目關於:
    Wikipedia cs

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    名詞

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    elf  有生

    1. (神話) 精靈

    變格

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    派生詞彙

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    延伸閱讀

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    • Příruční slovník jazyka českého (1935-1957) 中有關 elf 的內容
    • Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (1960-1971, 1989) 中有關 elf 的內容

    荷蘭語

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    發音

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    詞源1

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    繼承中古荷蘭語 ellefelf繼承古荷蘭語 *ellef繼承原始日耳曼語 *ainalif,由 *ainaz*-lif 組成。對照德語 elf西弗里斯蘭語 alve英語 eleven丹麥語 elleve

    數詞

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    荷蘭語數字 ()
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       基數詞elf
       序數詞elfde

    elf

    1. 十一
    派生詞彙
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    名詞

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    elf  (複數 elven指小 elfje )

    1. 數字十一,或其所代表的事物
    派生語彙
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    • 南非語:elf
    • 伯比斯克里奧爾荷蘭語:alfu, elfu
    • 澤西荷蘭語:ālf
    • 維爾京群島克里奧爾荷蘭語:elf, elef
    • 斯克皮克里奧爾荷蘭語:elk
    • 蘇里南湯加語:erfu

    詞源2

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      德語 Elf,該詞又借自英語 elf,源自古英語 ælf,源自原始西日耳曼語 *albi,源自原始日耳曼語 *albiz。代替了同源的本土詞 alf

      名詞

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      elf  (複數 elfen elven指小 elfje ,陰性 elve elfin)

      1. 精靈 民间传说中的小型生物
      2. (奇幻) 精靈 奇幻作品中的人形尖耳朵生物
      近義詞
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      • (民间传说) alf
      派生詞彙
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      派生語彙
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      • 帕皮阿門托語:èlfye (來自指小詞)

      異序詞

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      德語

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      德語數字 ()
       ←  10 11 12  → 
         基數詞elf
         序數詞elfte
         序數副詞:elftens
         序數縮寫11.
         副數詞elfmal
         副數詞縮寫:11-mal
         乘數elffach
         乘數詞縮寫:11-fach
         分數Elftel
         多邊形Elfeck
         多邊形縮寫:11-Eck
         多邊形形容詞:elfeckig
         多邊形形容詞縮寫:11-eckig

      其他形式

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      詞源

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      繼承中古高地德語 eilfeilefeinlif繼承古高地德語 einlif繼承原始日耳曼語 *ainalif,由 *ainaz*-lif 組成。19世紀前常寫作 eilf;單元音的寫法來自中部和低地德語(中古低地德語 elf)。對照荷蘭語 elf西弗里斯蘭語 alve英語 eleven丹麥語 elleve

      發音

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      數詞

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      elf

      1. (基數詞) 十一

      同類詞彙

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      派生詞彙

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      延伸閱讀

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      • elf”在《數位德語詞典》(Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache)上的釋義
      • elf” 萊比錫大學: Wortschatz-Lexikon辭典
      • elf”在《杜登線上辭典》上的釋義
      • elf在德語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 de

      倫巴底語

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      源自英語 elf

      發音

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      名詞

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      elf  (陽性複數 elf,陰性單數 elfa,陰性複數 elfe) (新倫巴底正字法)

      1. (北歐神話奇幻) 精靈

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      低地德語

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      繼承中古低地德語 elvene繼承古撒克遜語 ellevan。與德語 elf 有關。

      數詞

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      elf

      1. 十一

      馬爾他語

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      馬爾他語數字 ()
      10,000
       ←  100  ←  900 1,000 2,000  →  10,000  → 
      100
         基數詞elf

      詞源

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        繼承自阿拉伯語 أَلْف (ʔalf)

        發音

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        數詞

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        elf  (雙數 elfejn,複數 eluf elufijiet elufi,少數 elef)

        中古英語

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        詞源

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          繼承古英語 elfælfielf 的盎格利亞方言,繼承原始西日耳曼語 *albi繼承原始日耳曼語 *albiz繼承原始印歐語 *h₂elbʰós (白色)

          發音

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          名詞

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          elf (复数 elves)

          1. 精靈
            • c. 1450Wars of Alexander[1],Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse,「passus 24」,5258行:
              Scho was so faire & so fresche · as faucon hire semed, / An elfe out of an-othire erde · or ellis an Aungell
              她是那样美丽,那样鲜妍,宛如猎鹰般高贵俊秀;仿佛是一位来自另一方世界的精灵,抑或竟是一位天使。
              She was so fair and beautiful; her elegance seemed like / An elf out of another world, or else an angel.
            • c. 1450,「The Second Shepherds' Play」,收錄於The Towneley Plays[2],Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse,616行:
              he was takyn with an elfe / I saw it myself / when the clok stroke twelf / was he forshapyn
              他被精灵带走了;我亲眼所见。/ 时钟敲响十二点时,他变了模样。
              He was taken by an elf; I saw it myself. / When the clock struck twelve, he was transfigured.
          2. 幽靈鬼魂

          相關詞彙

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          派生語彙

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          • 英語:elf (至此查閱更多衍生詞彙)
          • 低地蘇格蘭語:elf
          • 約拉語:elf

          參考資料

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          古英語

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          發音

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          名詞

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          elf 

          1. ielf (精灵)的另一種寫法

          變格

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          強變化i-詞幹:

          單數 複數
          主格 elf elfas
          賓格 elf elfas
          屬格 elfes elfa
          與格 elfe elfum

          賓夕法尼亞德語

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          賓夕法尼亞德語基數詞
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              序數詞elft

          詞源

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          繼承萊茵法蘭克尼亞語繼承古高地德語 einlif。對照德語 elf荷蘭語 elf英語 eleven

          發音

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          數詞

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          elf

          1. 十一

          波蘭語

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          波蘭語維基百科有一篇條目關於:
          Wikipedia pl

          詞源

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            借自德語 Elf

            發音

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            名詞

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            elf  動物 (指小詞 elfik)

            1. 精靈

            用法說明

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            變格

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            派生詞彙

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            形容詞

            延伸閱讀

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            • 參見elf in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的內容
            • 參見波蘭語詞典PWN上有關elf的內容

            羅馬尼亞語

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            詞源

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            法語 elfe

            名詞

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            elf  (複數 elfi)

            1. (神話) 精靈

            變格

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            elf 的變格
            單數 複數
            不定 定指 不定 定指
            主格/賓格 elf elful elfi elfii
            屬格/與格 elf elfului elfi elfilor
            呼格 elfule elfilor

            瑞典語

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            名詞

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            elf 

            1. älv古舊形式

            變格

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            約拉語

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            詞源

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              繼承中古英語 elf繼承古英語 ielf繼承原始西日耳曼語 *albi

              發音

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              名詞

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              elf (複數 elvès)

              1. 精靈

              參考資料

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              • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 38
              elf
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