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Sappho's Gift. The Poet and Her Community (bozze), Ann Arbor 2010

Abstract
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This book explores the texts attributed to Sappho, delving into the sociopolitical and cultural contexts of her poetry, particularly focusing on her audience, the communal aspects of her art, and the distinct spheres of private and public performance. It challenges the notion of Sappho as merely a personal voice by highlighting the interaction between her work and the broader community dynamics of Mytilene, utilizing textual reconstruction and analysis of fragments to illuminate these complexities.

References (300)

  1. Fr. 886.4 PMG Ἄρτεμιν, ἃ γυναικῶν μέγ᾿ ἔχει κράτος.
  2. Cf. Hes. Th. 529, Pind. N. 2.19, B. 15.51, Aristoph. Nu. 563.
  3. αν Ἀρτεμι . [ | ]ναβλ[ (i.e., I would think of something like ]ν ἀβλ[αβ-, cf. F 5.1-2).
  4. For [ὐ]π . άξ[ει |... ὐπ᾿ ἄ[ρμ᾿ cf. Sapph. F 44.13-14. Ἰλιάδαι σατίναι[ς] ὐπ᾿ εὐτρόχοις | ἆγον αἰμιόνοις and 17 ἴ]πποις δ᾿ ἄνδρες ὔπαγον ὐπ᾿ ἄρ . [ματα, Hom. Il. 16.148 ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ὠκέας ἵππους etc., for Artemis' chariot Hom. Hymn. 9.4, Call. Dian. 106, A. R. 3.878, Nonn. Dion. 48.304 and the numerous vase representations collected by L. Kahil, in LIMC 2.1: 1196-1225.
  5. For στέ . [ρ]ε . ον (Puglia's supplement) cf. Hom. Il. 12.267 στερεοῖς ἐπέεσσι, A. Pr. 173-74 στερεὰς ... ἀπειλάς, Soph. Aj. 926 στερεόφρων, Plat. Plt. 309b στερεὸν ἦθος.
  6. Plutarch, as noted at VII, § 3, gives a different interpretation of the epithet. For other ex- planations offered by ancient sources see Liberman 1999: II.188 n. 384. 34 On the vulnerability of the lower limbs of various μόναρχοι see Catenacci 1996: 246-48. 35 Lentini 2000: 9-12.
  7. Hom. Il. 1.231 δημοβόρος βασιλεύς. Similar are the connotations of δωροφάγοι at Hes. Op. 39, 221, and 264, and of δημοφάγος at Thgn. 1181 (see Catenacci 1996: 212-14). 46 By contrast, on the "communal perspective" of Alcm. fr. 1 PMGF, confirmed by the Parthenion for Astymeloisa (Alcm. fr. 3 PMGF), see Stehle 1997: 73-88. 47 Gentili 1984: 106-7.
  8. Di Benedetto 1987: 16 n. 17. 49 Eur. HF 673 ff. ἁδίσταν συζυγίαν. 50 Stehle 1997: 276.
  9. References to a nocturnal rite also appear in F 30 (ll. 1 and 3), but linked to stage directions of the kind that we observed in F 27 (see III, § 1):
  10. See Treu 1954: 190; Rissman 1983: 93; and Aloni 1997: 45. For the use of the comparison in epithalamic context cf. Himer. Or. 9.
  11. = T 218 and Contiades Tsitsoni 1990: 94-97. Cf. also F 115.1 σ᾿ ... ἐικάσδω.
  12. If παννυχίσδην was part of an exhortation, we would have something similar to Perv. Ven. 46 detinenda tota nox est, pervigilanda canticis.
  13. Cf. Soph. Ant. 1151 ff., Eur. Ba. 862, Aristoph. Ra. 370 ff., Men. Sam. 46, Phasm. 95, Crit. fr.
  14. B 1.8 D.-K. For the performance of a female chorus during a nocturnal vigil at Orchomenos (Pind. fr. 333 M.), see D' Alessio 2000: 260 ff.
  15. On the mechanisms linked to the relationship between bile and phlegm see Di Benedetto 1986: 42 ff.
  16. For μαινόλαι cf. Archil. fr. 196.20 W. 2 μαινόλις γυνή (referring to Neobule) and A. Supp. 107
  17. διάνοιαν μαινόλιν with reference also to the sexual aggressiveness of the sons of Aegyptus). See Privitera 1974: 60 and Di Benedetto 1987: 17.
  18. In Sappho the etymon is attested also in F 3.7 ἄσαιο (probably referring to Charaxos), F 91 ἀσαροτέρας (referring to Eirene);
  19. for Alcaeus cf. F 39.11 ἄσαις and 335.2 ἀσάμενοι. For ὀνία cf. F 5.10 [ὀν]ίαν δὲ λύγραν, 63.3 ἦ δεῖν᾿ ὀνίας μ[, 88.19 ὀνίαρ[ο]ς and see Broger 1996: 37. 11 On φροντίς see Simon 1978: 234 and Di Benedetto 1986: 35-38.
  20. 11 Such a description finds significant analogies in the hallucinatory νόσος experienced by Ajax in Sophocles' homonymic tragedy: cf. especially Athena's words in the prologue at l. 51 ff.: ἐγώ σφ᾿ ἀπείργω, δυσφόρους ἐπ᾿ ὄμμασι | γνώμας βαλοῦσα τῆς ἀνηκέστου χαρᾶς. The alternation between hallucinatory states and phases of lucidity, motor excitement and prostration, threatening cries and silence, corresponds to what Tecmessa recalls in Soph. Aj. 257 ff. and 305 ff. 12 Cf. the symptomatology of Mul. 151 and also Plat. Tim. 83 d-e.
  21. On ancient epilepsy, corresponding to what is today defined as "essential epilepsy, " see Pigeaud 1987: 48-63.
  22. 5 ἐθέσ . [πισδε Diehl 6-7 Ἔρ-|μας Blass, Ἔρ-|μαις Lobel-Page 8 e.g. ἔπλ . [εό μοι φίλος (cf. Alc. fr. 71.1 φίλος μὲν ἦσθα) 9 fin. ἔγωγ᾿ Edmonds 10 ἄγα[ν Schubart ἔπαρθα γᾶ[ς ἔοι- σα West fin. πόθοισι suppleverim; ἄσαισι Di Benedetto 13 Ἀχέρ[οντος Lobel, Ἀχερ[οισίοις Fränkel (cf. A. A. 1160 f. Ἀχερουσίους | ὄχθους) ... Gongyla 4 indeed, a sign foretold [...] [...] most [... Her-] mes 22 came [...]
  23. I said: "Lord, [you have been my friend.] No, by the blessed goddess, [I] 23
  24. 22 For a defense of the form Ἔρμας against Lobel-Page's emendation Ἔρμαις see Hooker 1977: 30-34.
  25. At l. 9, just as at l. 6, there must have been an anaclastic form of the glyconic: we can 26 Especially according to the latter interpretation, dew and lotus are not "decorative details" (Page 1955: 86), but rather essential elements for presenting the journey in the Underworld as de- sirable. Arriving in a landscape covered by trees where one can sing while reclining on the bloom- ing
  26. Although A.D. Pron. 1.82.14 ff. (= Sapph. F 165) mentions the presence of the expression φαίνεταί ϝοι somewhere in Sappho's poetry, φαίνεταί μοι transmitted by Ps.-Longinus must be kept. Furthermore the same Apollonius Dyscolus (ibid. 1.59.9 ff.) elsewhere quotes the begin- ning of our poem as φαίνεταί μοι. 28 See Page 1955: 20 ff.
  27. Aloni 1997: 63. One can compare the function of κῆνος in Alc. F 68.4; 70.6; 72.7; 129.14. 30 See also Latacz 1985: 83: "der Mann, von dem die Rede ist, hat vor dem Augenblick des Sprechakts noch keine Existenz. "
  28. Gronewald-Daniel 2005: 5: "[Ich bringe hier] der purpurgegürten [Musen] schöne Gaben" on the basis of the editors' conjecture for the beginning of the line φέρω (vel ἔχω) τάδε.
  29. West 2005: 5: ῎Υμμες πεδὰ Μοίσαν ... | σπουδάσδετε καὶ τὰ]ν . φιλάοιδον λιγύραν χελύνναν: "[You for] the fragrant-bosomed Muses' lovely gifts / [be zealous,] girls, [and the] clear melodi- ous lyre. " 9 Janko 2005: 19.
  30. See Page 1981: 338: "The epigram is manifestly Alexandrian in style and spirit. " 11 See Robert 1969: 801-31 and Liberman 1999: I.61 n. 127. Ruins of a late fourth-century bc temple survive in this area. Alcaeus F 130a.15 τεῖχος βασιλήϊον (see also the scholium τὸ τῆς Ἥρας) seems to testify to the presence of a boundary wall surrounding the shrine rather than to the wall of the temple. Sappho refers to this very same sanctuary in F 17 where Hera, Zeus protector of the suppliants, and Dionysus are mentioned. 12 That this was the location of the καλλιστεῖα is attested in Schol. DA in Hom. Il. 9.129 παρὰ Λεσβίοις ἀγὼν ἄγεται κάλλους γυναικῶν ἐν τῶι τῆς Ἥερας τεμένει, λεγόμενος καλλιστεῖα. 13 See Bernouilli 1901: 62 ff. 14 On the contextual affinity between Sappho's and Alcman's odes on old age see Lardinois 1996: 169, Ferrari 2003: 72-76, Hardie 2005: 27 ff. 15 For a similar nostalgia for lost youth, see the Athenian Stranger's words in Plat. Lg. 657d. Bibliography
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  219. Indices Index Verborum Abanthis: 189, 190, 197 Acheron: 57, 60, 63, 180, 182 Achilles: 46, 60, 91, 92, 124, 125, 146 Adonia: 13, 150 Adonis: 35, 68, 78, 116, 144, 149, 150 Aeneas: 5, 199 Aenesimbrota: 38
  220. Aeolia, Aeolian: 5, 112 Aeolic: 1, 6, 9, 24, 40, 91, 99, 133 Aesimnetes: 7, 8, 11, 22 Alceids: 11, 22, 24
  221. Alcinoos, King: 60 Alexandria: 2, 150 Alexandrian edition: 2, 19, 40, 45, 84, 111, 117, 118, 143, 161
  222. Anacreontic (meter): 73
  223. Anacreontic (vases): 4, 101
  224. Anactoria: 11, 35, 36, 37, 41 Anatolia: 5, 11 Anchises: 198, 199, 200
  225. Andromache: 40, 63, 68, 128, 130-33, 185
  226. Andromeda: 18, 21, 23-26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 39-42, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55, 57, 59, 66, 70, 73, 81, 95, 99, 183
  227. Antimenidas: 8, 22
  228. Bridegroom, and heroic figure: 125-27 Brygos Painter: 74 Callias, grammarian: 36 Calliope: 198 Calypso: 200 Candaules: 18 Charaxos: 17, 89, 156, 158, 159, 167 Choriamb: 19, 118, 143, 182 Clazomenae: 11 Cleanactids: 5, 9, 10, 12, 88 Cleanor: 10, 17
  229. Cleis, daughter of Sappho: 3, 6, 9, 11-19, 23, 69, 71, 143-45
  230. Cleis, mother of Sappho: 3, 5, 6, 8, 14, 17, 19, 69, 71, 143-45 Colophon: 189 Copenhagen fragment: 1, 2, 3, 6 Crantor: 62 Crete : 44, 151-54
  231. Critias, Athenian archon: 18, 19 Cyprus: 57, 58, 60, 153, 154, 189 Cyrnus: 47, 60, 61, 62 Cythera: 58 Damaena: 38 Damareta: 38 Damophila: 36 Daphnephoria: 38 Demeter: 44, 64, 200 Dionysus: 147, 198 Doricha: 49, 158, 159 Dracon: 24 Education of young women: 18, 34, 43, 102 Eos: 198-200 Epikedia: 144 Eunica: 37 Eurygius: 17 Florentine ostrakon: 151, 193 Funeral lament: 144, 146, 149 Gelon: 18 Glyconics: 3, 45, 84, 181 Gongyla: 37, 95-98, 181, 182, 189, 190 Gorgo: 18, 23-24, 35, 36, 66, 81, 89, 95-98, 189 Gyrinno: 35, 36, 42, 48, 49, 52 Habrosune: 17 Hagesichora: 5, 38, 96 Hephaestus: 147 Hera: 25, 164, 198
  232. Hermes: 18, 153-55, 181, 182, 206, 210, 211 Hetaireia: 33, 90 Himation: 100, 101, 190 Hydria: 101, 102, 107, 98 Iarbas: 5
  233. Ionia, Ionian: 4, 5, 35, 63, 128
  234. Jong, Erica, Sappho's Leap: 78 Kalathos: 74 Kalpis: 101, 106 Kephisus: 58 Kleos: 60, 66, 67, 71 Komos: 41, 100, 101
  235. Locrian songs: 141
  236. Lydia, Lydian: 4-7, 11-13, 17, 18, 23, 35, 40, 49-52, 69, 70, 77, 97, 200 Megacles: 24 Megara: 21, 28, 37, 62 Megistes: 26 Melanchros: 10, 24, 40
  237. Mika: 24, 42, 52-54, 73, 97, 98
  238. Myrsilus: 10, 11, 17, 18, 22, 24, 40, 85, 89 Myrsus: 18 Mytilene: v, 5-12, 18, 22, 24, 25, 36, 43, 87, 89, 90, 95, 140, 145, 149, 198 Naucratis: 102, 152, 158 Nausicaa: 184 Nereids: 80, 154-58 Odysseus: 60, 165, 184, 200 Oikistes: 24 Onesimos: 102 Ortygia: 153 Pagondas: 38 Panormos: 153 Paphos: 58, 60, 153 Parcae: 190 Peitho: 153 Pektis: 6, 69, 189, 190 Peleus: 190 Pelops: 18 Penthilids: 10, 11, 18, 24, 25, 40, 53 Penthilus: 24 Persephone: 182, 202 Philylla: 38 Pisistratus: 27 Pittacus: 7-12, 18, 19, 22-25, 84, 85-92, 198 Pleistodike: 89 Polyanactids: 18, 23, 24 Polygnotus: 101, 107 3.878: 25
  239. Hec. 924: 5 Hel. 1240: 65 Hel. 1495: 28 Hel. 1663: 28 HF 673: 96
  240. Hipp. 766: 163
  241. Hipp. 1148: 97 Ion 859: 15 IT 839: 15 Med. 285-86: 54
  242. Med. 383: 54
  243. Med. 797: 54
  244. Med. 1164: 69 Ph. 182-84: 59 Ph. 230: 204 Ph. 421: 139 Ph. 1486: 69 Ph. 1499-1501: 147 Tr. 506: 69 Tr. 989: 71 Eusebius: 9 Evangelus fr. 1.1: 184
  245. Galen 11.586: 180
  246. Th. 529: Th. 910: 179
  247. Od. 14.342: 40
  248. Od. 14.349: 40
  249. Od. 14.512: 40
  250. Od. 18.67: 40
  251. Od. 18.74: 40
  252. Od. 18.340: 186
  253. Od. 24.13: 182
  254. Horace Carm. 1.2.33-34: 189
  255. Ibycus fr. 286.1: 154
  256. Inscriptions IG 5(1).29: 147 IG 7.2484: 147 IG 12.2.73: 153 IG 14.256: 147
  257. IGBulg I 2 458.1: 88
  258. Jerome (Hieronymus) Chronicon 99b H: 9
  259. Laevius fr. 18 Morel: 12
  260. Leonidas AP 9.326.5: 16
  261. Lucian Symp. 41: 126 Lucretius 3.152-60: 175 Lycophron 674: 164 Marmor Parium See Adespota, FGrH 239: 18 Maximus of Tyre: 143, 144 18.9: 23, 36
  262. Meleager A.P. 4.1.35: 155
  263. A.P. 5.172: 119
  264. Menander Dys.: 113 Leuc. 40-47: 180 Per. 823: 5 Phasm. 95: 111 Sam. 46: 111 Sam. 71: 113 Sam. 120: 113 Sam. 189: 113 Sam. 210: 113 Sam. 219: 113 Sam. 673: 113 Sam. 729: 113 Mimnermus fr. 1.4: 204 fr. 1.5-10: 196 fr. 2.1: 204 fr. 2.10-15: 196 fr. 4: 196 fr. 5.1-5: 186 fr. 16: 78 fr. 20: 186 T 1 G.-P.: 186 Indices 221
  265. Musaeus Hero and Leander: 184 Myrsilus of Methymna FGrHist 477 fr. 14: 157
  266. Nicander Schol. Ther. 613: 88 Ther. 493: 164
  267. A.P. 6.265.3: 202
  268. A.P. 9.332.1: 164
  269. Orphica] Hymn. 61.2-9: 59 Hymn. 3.5: 109 Hymn. 55.2: 109 Hymn. 86.16: 204
  270. Ovid Ep. 15.15-16: 36
  271. Papyri P.Berol. 9722: 135 P.Chester Beatty 1.5, C 2.9-10: 174
  272. P.Halle 3: 19, 55
  273. P.Köln 59, col. II: 2 P.Köln II 60 = S476 SLG: 47 P.Köln II 61 fr. a: 35 P.Köln Inv. 21351: 193 P.Köln VII, 429 fr. 1, col. I.3-8: 64 P.Köln VII, 429: 67, 193
  274. P.Oxy. 1231: 159, 188, 201
  275. P.Oxy. 1232: 129
  276. P.Oxy. 1787: 19, 52-53, 55, 67, 193-94, 203
  277. P.Oxy. 1787 fr. 3, col. II 15-24: 203
  278. P.Oxy. 1800 fr. 1: 3, 17, 179
  279. P.Oxy. 2076: 129 P.Oxy. 2166 (d)3: 203
  280. P.Oxy. 2166 (d)4: 53 P.Oxy. 2288: 163 P.Oxy. 2290: 19 P.Oxy. 2291: 82, 84, 85, 92
  281. P.Oxy. 2292: 95, 98
  282. P.Oxy. 2293: 48
  283. P.Oxy. 2294: 112, 117, 210, 211
  284. P.Oxy. 2307: 12 P.Oxy. 2506: 34, P.Ryl. 17.3: 126 PSI 1214d.2: 180 PSI 1300: 151 Pausanias 1.1.3: 154
  285. Pindar: 5, 6, 38, 58, 62, 64, 68, 80, 94, 132, 144, 145, 147, fr. 75.7-9: 94 fr. 75.13: 147 fr. 122.6: 157 fr. 125: 6 fr. 128c: 144 fr. 150: 147
  286. Pae. 6.6: 147
  287. Pae. 6.181: 201
  288. Plato Lg. 637d-e: 87 Lg. 654a-661d: 34 Lg. 657d: 198 Lg. 737e: 18 Lg. 764d-e: 28 Lg. 796e: 60 Lg. 812e: 34 Ly. 204a: 52 Phdr. 251a-b: 174 Plt. 309b: 25 Prt. 321a: 139 R. 3: 145 Smp. 201a: 138 Ti. 71c: 166 Ti. 83d-e: 177
  289. Pliny H.N. 10.29.43: 113 H.N. 13: 115
  290. Plutarch Aud. poet. 6.23b: 146
  291. De tranq. an. 471b: 11 Prof. in virt. 81d: 163, 171
  292. Quaest. Conv. 71d: 13
  293. Pollux 3.42: 125
  294. Ps.-Longinus: 171-72 Subl. 10: 174
  295. Ps.-Phocylides 95: 53, 63, 78, 111, 181
  296. Ps.-Plutarch De mus. 4.1132d-e: 63
  297. De mus. 6.1133c: 133 De mus. 16: 145
  298. Quintus Smyrnaeus 5.71: 189 10.324: 152
  299. Sappho Copenhagen fragment: 2 Milan fragment: 2 "Ode to Aphrodite" (= F 1): 154, 161, 166 769: 147 1009: 204 1017-21: 186 1041-42: 54 1063-64: 140 1181: 91 1269: 81 1323-26: 169 1335: 141 1341: 35 1350: 195 1353: 180 Theophrastus fr. 97 Wimmer: 7 Thucydides: 132 1.6.3: 70
  300. Xenophon Ephesius 1.3: 184
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