Swift Programming Language
| Swift | Package | |
|---|---|---|
| macOS | ||
| Ubuntu 14.04 | ||
| Ubuntu 16.04 | ||
| Ubuntu 16.10 |
Welcome to Swift!
Swift is a high-performance system programming language. It has a clean and modern syntax, offers seamless access to existing C and Objective-C code and frameworks, and is memory safe by default.
Although inspired by Objective-C and many other languages, Swift is not itself a C-derived language. As a complete and independent language, Swift packages core features like flow control, data structures, and functions, with high-level constructs like objects, protocols, closures, and generics. Swift embraces modules, eliminating the need for headers and the code duplication they entail.
Documentation
To read the documentation, start by installing the Sphinx documentation generator tool by running the command:
easy_install -U Sphinx
Once complete, you can build the Swift documentation by changing directory into
docs and typing make. This compiles the .rst files in the docs directory
into HTML in the docs/_build/html directory.
Many of the docs are out of date, but you can see some historical design
documents in the docs directory.
Another source of documentation is the standard library itself, located in
stdlib. Much of the language is actually implemented in the library
(including Int), and the standard library gives some examples of what can be
expressed today.
Getting Started
These instructions give the most direct path to a working Swift development environment. Options for doing things differently are discussed below.
System Requirements
macOS, Ubuntu Linux LTS, and the latest Ubuntu Linux release are the current supported host development operating systems.
For macOS, you need the latest Xcode.
For Ubuntu, you'll need the following development dependencies:
sudo apt-get install git cmake ninja-build clang python uuid-dev libicu-dev icu-devtools libbsd-dev libedit-dev libxml2-dev libsqlite3-dev swig libpython-dev libncurses5-dev pkg-config libblocksruntime-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev autoconf libtool systemtap-sdt-dev
Note: LLDB currently requires at least swig-1.3.40 but will successfully build
with version 2 shipped with Ubuntu.
Build instructions for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS can be found here
Getting Sources for Swift and Related Projects
First create a directory for all of the Swift sources:
mkdir swift-source
cd swift-source
Note: This is important since update-checkout (see below) checks out repositories next to the Swift source directory. This means that if one clones Swift and has other unrelated repositories, update-checkout may not clone those repositories and will update them instead.
Via HTTPS For those checking out sources as read-only, HTTPS works best:
git clone https://github.com/apple/swift.git
./swift/utils/update-checkout --clone
Via SSH For those who plan on regularly making direct commits, cloning over SSH may provide a better experience (which requires uploading SSH keys to GitHub):
git clone git@github.com:apple/swift.git
./swift/utils/update-checkout --clone-with-ssh
CMake
CMake is the core infrastructure used to configure builds of
Swift and its companion projects; at least version 3.4.3 is required. Your
favorite Linux distribution likely already has a CMake package you can install.
On macOS, you can download the CMake Binary Distribution,
bundled as an application, copy it to /Applications, and add the embedded
command line tools to your PATH:
export PATH=/Applications/CMake.app/Contents/bin:$PATH
Ninja
Ninja is the current recommended build system for building Swift and is the default configuration generated by CMake. If you're on macOS or don't install it as part of your Linux distribution, clone it next to the other projects and it will be bootstrapped automatically:
Build from source
Via HTTPS
git clone https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja.git && cd ninja
git checkout release
cat README
Via SSH
git clone git@github.com:ninja-build/ninja.git && cd ninja
git checkout release
cat README
Install via third-party packaging tool (macOS only)
brew install cmake ninja
sudo port install cmake ninja
Building Swift
The build-script is a high-level build automation script that supports basic
options such as building a Swift-compatible LLDB, building the Swift Package
Manager, building for iOS, running tests after builds, and more. It also
supports presets, which you can define for common combinations of build options.
To find out more:
utils/build-script -h
Note: Arguments after "--" above are forwarded to build-script-impl, which is
the ultimate shell script that invokes the actual build and test commands.
A basic command to build Swift with optimizations and run basic tests with Ninja:
utils/build-script -r -t
Developing Swift in Xcode
build-script can also generate Xcode projects:
utils/build-script -x
The Xcode IDE can be used to edit the Swift source code, but it is not currently fully supported as a build environment for SDKs other than macOS. If you need to work with other SDKs, you'll need to create a second build using Ninja.
Testing Swift
See docs/Testing.rst.
Contributing to Swift
Contributions to Swift are welcomed and encouraged! Please see the Contributing to Swift guide.
To be a truly great community, Swift.org needs to welcome developers from all walks of life, with different backgrounds, and with a wide range of experience. A diverse and friendly community will have more great ideas, more unique perspectives, and produce more great code. We will work diligently to make the Swift community welcoming to everyone.
To give clarity of what is expected of our members, Swift has adopted the code of conduct defined by the Contributor Covenant. This document is used across many open source communities, and we think it articulates our values well. For more, see the Code of Conduct.