| Consonants |
| IPA |
Thai |
Lao |
English approximation |
| b |
บ |
ບ |
abash |
| d |
ฎ,ด |
ດ |
ado |
| f |
ฝ,ฟ |
ຝ,ຟ |
food |
| h |
ห,ฮ |
ຫ,ຮ |
head |
| j |
ญ,ย,อย,หย |
ຢ |
yak |
| k |
ก |
ກ |
scan |
| kʰ (/x/)[1] |
ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ |
ຂ,ຄ |
can |
| l |
ล,ฬ,หล |
ລ,ຫຼ |
leaf |
| m |
ม,หม |
ມ,ໝ |
much |
| n |
ณ,น,หน |
ນ,ໜ |
not |
| ŋ |
ง,หง |
ງ,ຫງ |
bang |
| ɲ[2] |
— |
ຍ,ຫຍ |
canyon |
| p |
ป |
ປ |
span |
| pʰ |
ผ,พ,ภ |
ຜ,ພ |
pan |
| r |
ร,หร |
ຣ,ຫຼ ,ຫຣ |
roughly like water (American English) |
| s |
ซ,ศ,ษ,ส |
ສ,ຊ |
sue |
| t |
ฏ,ต |
ຕ |
stable |
| tʰ |
ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ |
ຖ,ທ |
table |
| tɕ |
จ |
ຈ |
question |
| tɕʰ[3] |
ฉ, ช, ฌ |
— |
cheese |
| w |
ว,หว |
ວ,ຫວ |
way |
| ʔ |
อ, ะ |
ອ |
the catch in uh-oh |
| |
| Tone[4] |
| IPA |
Description |
| aː = āː |
mid [aː˧] |
| àː |
low [aː˨˩] or [aː˩] |
| âː |
falling [aː˥˩] (Thai), high falling [aː˥˧] (Lao) |
| a̭ː |
low falling [aː˧˩] (Lao only) |
| áː |
high [aː˦˥] or [aː˥] |
| ǎː |
rising [aː˩˩˦] or [aː˩˦] |
|
| Vowels |
| IPA |
Thai[5] |
Lao |
English approximation |
| Short vowels |
| a |
◌ะ, ◌ั◌ |
◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ |
cut |
| e |
เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ |
ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ |
mate |
| ɛ |
แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ |
ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ |
bat |
| i |
◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ |
◌ິ |
happy |
| o |
โ◌ะ, ◌◌ |
ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ |
boat without u sound |
| ɔ |
เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ |
◌ໍ |
lot |
| u |
◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ |
◌ຸ |
shoot |
| ɯ |
◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ |
◌ຶ |
Somewhat like North American good |
| ɤ |
เ◌อะ |
ເ◌ິະ, ເ◌ິ◌ |
the |
| Long vowels |
| aː |
◌า, ◌า◌ |
◌າ |
bra |
| eː |
เ◌, เ◌◌ |
ເ◌ |
play |
| ɛː |
แ◌, แ◌◌ |
ແ◌ |
man |
| iː |
◌ี, ◌ี◌ |
◌ີ |
green |
| oː |
โ◌, โ◌◌ |
ໂ◌ |
go without u sound |
| ɔː |
◌อ, ◌อ◌ |
◌ໍ, ◌ອ |
lawn |
| uː |
◌ู, ◌ู, |
◌ູ |
moon |
| ɯː |
◌ือ, ◌ื◌ |
◌ື |
Roughly like good |
| ɤː |
เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ |
ເ◌ີ |
fur |
| Diphthongs[6][7] |
| iaʔ, iəʔ |
เ◌ียะ |
ເ◌ັຽະ |
idea (shorter) |
| ia, iə |
เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ |
ເ◌ັຽ |
idea |
| uaʔ, uəʔ |
◌ัวะ |
◌ົວະ |
poor (shorter) |
| ua, uə |
◌ัว, ◌ว◌ |
◌ົວ |
poor (British English) |
| ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ |
เ◌ือะ |
ເ◌ຶອະ |
adventure (shorter) |
| ɯa, ɯə |
เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ |
ເ◌ຶອ |
adventure |
|