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Title:
Breakdown of the Internet under Intentional Attack
Authors:
Cohen, Reuven; Erez, Keren; Ben-Avraham, Daniel; Havlin, Shlomo
Affiliation:
AA(Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel), AB(Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel), AC(Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel), AD(Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel)
Publication:
Physical Review Letters, vol. 86, Issue 16, pp. 3682-3685 (PhRvL Homepage)
Publication Date:
04/2001
Origin:
APS
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3682
Bibliographic Code:
2001PhRvL..86.3682C

Abstract

We study the tolerance of random networks to intentional attack, whereby a fraction p of the most connected sites is removed. We focus on scale-free networks, having connectivity distribution P\(k\)~k, and use percolation theory to study analytically and numerically the critical fraction pc needed for the disintegration of the network, as well as the size of the largest connected cluster. We find that even networks with α<=3, known to be resilient to random removal of sites, are sensitive to intentional attack. We also argue that, near criticality, the average distance between sites in the spanning (largest) cluster scales with its mass, M, as M, rather than as kM, as expected for random networks away from criticality.
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