Voiced velar lateral approximant
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(Redirected from Velar lateral approximant)
| Voiced velar lateral approximant | ||
|---|---|---|
| ʟ | ||
| IPA number | 158 | |
| Encoding | ||
| Entity (decimal) | ʟ |
|
| Unicode (hex) | U+029F | |
| X-SAMPA | L\ |
|
| Kirshenbaum | L |
|
| Braille |   |
|
|
||
| Sound | ||
|
|
The voiced velar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in a very small number[1] of spoken languages in the world. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʟ⟩ (since 1989) and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L\.
The velar laterals of the world often involve a prestopped realization [ɡ͡ʟ].[2]
Features[edit]
Features of the velar lateral approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence[edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Some dialects[3][clarification needed] | milk |  [mɪʟk] (help·info) |
'milk' | May occur before velar and labial consonants. See English phonology |
| Hiw[4] | r̄evr̄ov | [ɡ͡ʟəβɡ͡ʟɔβ] | 'evening' | Realized as prestopped [ɡ͡ʟ]. | |
| Melpa[5] | [paʟa] | 'fence' | |||
| Mid-Wahgi[3] | aglagle | [aʟaʟe] | 'dizzy' | ||
| Scots | Falkirk[citation needed] | ló | [ʟoː] | 'love' | |
| North-Mid dialects[citation needed] |
See also[edit]
- Velarized alveolar lateral approximant, [ɫ] – an acoustically similar but articulatorily distinct sound
- Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, [ɬ]
- Velar lateral flap, [ʟ̆]
- Voiced velar lateral fricative, [ʟ̝]
- Voiceless velar lateral fricative, [ʟ̝̊]
- Index of phonetics articles
References[edit]
- ^ François (2010:422–426)
- ^ François (2010:425)
- ^ a b Roca & Johnson (1999:73)
- ^ François (2010:419)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:169)
Bibliography[edit]
- François, Alexandre (2010), "Phonotactics and the prestopped velar lateral of Hiw: resolving the ambiguity of a complex segment", Phonology, 27 (3): 393–434, doi:10.1017/s0952675710000205
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), Blackwell
- Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999), A Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing
