II. Epidemiology
- Epidemic outbreaks of Acute Diarrheal illness
- Most common cause of Viral Gastroenteritis in the world
- Causes 90% of non-Bacterial Gastroenteritis (and 18% of all Gastroenteritis)
III. Pathophysiology
- Taxonomy
- Family: Caliciviridae
- Genus: Norovirus
- Species: Norwalk Virus
- Transmission
- Fecal-oral route (Foodborne Illness or Waterborne Illness)
- Fomites and surfaces
- Precautions
- Highly contagious
- Bleach is effective at killing virus on surfaces (but many other disinfectants are not)
IV. Causes: Sources
- Contaminated drinking water
- Contaminated raw produce or uncooked food
- Shellfish from contaminated water
- Food contaminated by infected food handler
V. Symptoms
- Onset: 12 to 48 hours after exposure
- Duration: 12 to 60 hours
- Illness may be prolonged for months in immunocompromised patients
- Systemic symptoms
- Low grade fever (variably present)
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Myalgias
- Malaise
- Headache
- Gastrointestinal symptoms
- Nausea
- Projectile Vomiting (esp. children)
- Watery Diarrhea
- Abdominal Pain
VI. Prevention
- Antibody to Norwalk is not protective
VII. Resources
- CDC Norovirus
- Wikipedia Norovirus
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| Definition (NCI) | A species of non-enveloped and spherical viruses with a capsid with T=3 icosahedral symmetry in the Caliciviridae family and Norovirus genus. The genome is composed of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA. Norwalk viruses are found in humans and causes acute viral gastroenteritis. Norwalk viruses are transmitted via oral ingestion or fecal-oral contamination. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any viral organism that can be assigned to the species Norwalk virus. |
| Definition (MSH) | The type species in the genus NOROVIRUS, first isolated in 1968 from the stools of school children in Norwalk, Ohio, who were suffering from GASTROENTERITIS. The virions are non-enveloped spherical particles containing a single protein. Multiple strains are named after the places where outbreaks have occurred. |
| Definition (CSP) | type species in the genus Norovirus; the virions are non-enveloped spherical particles containing a single protein; multiple strains are named after the places where outbreaks have occurred. |
| Concepts | Virus (T005) |
| MSH | D009663 |
| SnomedCT | 10514003 |
| English | Norwalk Agent, norwalk agent, virus norwalk, norwalk virus, Norwalk virus NV, NV, Norwalk calicivirus, NORWALK VIRUS, Norwalk Virus, Norwalk virus, Norwalk gastroenteritis virus of humans, Norwalk virus (organism), Norwalk agent |
| Swedish | Norwalkvirus |
| Czech | virus Norwalk |
| Finnish | Norwalk-virus |
| Russian | NORWALK VIRUS, NORWALК ВИРУС |
| Italian | Agente di Norwalk, Virus di Norwalk |
| Polish | Wirus Norwalk |
| Japanese | Norwalkウイルス, ノーウォークウイルス, ノルウォークウイルス, ãƒŽãƒ¼ã‚¦ã‚©ãƒ¼ã‚¯å› å� |
| French | Virus de Norwalk, Virus Norwalk, Norwalk virus, Agent de Norwalk |
| Spanish | virus Norwalk (organismo), virus Norwalk de la gastroenteritis humana, virus Norwalk, Virus Norwalk |
| German | Norwalk-Virus |
| Dutch | Norwalk-gastro-enteritisvirus, Norwalk-virus, Virus, Norwalk- |
| Portuguese | VÃrus Norwalk |
Ontology: Norovirus (C0949920)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any viral organism that can be assigned to the genus Norovirus. |
| Definition (NCI) | A genus of non-enveloped, capsid covered viruses with T=3 icosahedral symmetry, in the family Caliciviridae. The genome is composed of a linear, single-strand of positive sense RNA. Noroviruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and cause gastroenteritis in humans. |
| Definition (MSH) | A genus in the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with epidemic GASTROENTERITIS in humans. The type species, NORWALK VIRUS, contains multiple strains. |
| Concepts | Virus (T005) |
| MSH | D029322 |
| SnomedCT | 243629004, 407359000 |
| Dutch | buikvirus, Virus, Norwalk-like, Norovirus |
| French | Virus intestinal, Virus de type Norwalk, Norovirus |
| German | Magenvirus, Norwalk-artige Viren |
| Italian | Virus gastrico, Virus simil-Norwalk, Norovirus |
| Portuguese | VÃrus gástrico, VÃrus Norwalk-Like, VÃrus Semelhantes ao VÃrus Norwalk, Norovirus, VÃrus Semelhantes ao Norwalk |
| Spanish | Virus gástrico, virus tipo Norwalk, Virus de Estructura Redonda Pequeña, género Norovirus (organismo), género Norovirus, Virus Similares a Norwalk, Norovirus |
| Japanese | 胃内ウイルス, ｲﾅｲｳｲﾙｽ, ノーウォーク様ウイルス, å°�円ç’状ウイルス, ノãƒã‚¦ã‚¤ãƒ«ã‚¹å±ž, ノãƒã‚¦ã‚¤ãƒ«ã‚¹, å°�åž‹ç�ƒå½¢ã‚¦ã‚¤ãƒ«ã‚¹ |
| Swedish | Norovirus |
| Czech | Norovirus, viry podobné viru Norwalk, Žalude�nà virová infekce |
| Finnish | Norovirus |
| Russian | NORWALK-PODOBNYE VIRUSY, NOROVIRUS, NORWALK-ПОДОБ�ЫЕ ВИРУСЫ |
| English | norovirus, norwalk-like viruses, stomach virus, virus stomach, norwalk-like virus, small round structured virus, noroviruses, Norwalk like Viruses, NoV, Norwalk-like virus, NOROVIRUS, Norwalk-like Viruses, Noroviruses, Norovirus, Norwalk-like viruses, Genus Norovirus (organism), Stomach virus, Genus Norovirus |
| Polish | Norovirus |
| Hungarian | Gyomor vÃrusos betegsége |
