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Knee Osteoarthritis Management

Aka: Knee Osteoarthritis Management

I. See Also

  1. Knee Osteoarthritis
  2. Osteoarthritis

II. Management: General Measures

  1. Weight loss (for those with BMI >25 kg/m2)
    1. Improves pain and function (as well as overall general health)
    2. Brosseau (2011) Phys Ther 91(6):843-61 +PMID:21493746 [PubMed]
  2. Lower Extremity Strengthening Exercises
    1. Educate patient regarding importance of Exercise
    2. Exercise knees 20-30 minutes per day
    3. Physical Therapy to teach low extremity strength
      1. Quadriceps strengthening
      2. Gait training
      3. Active range of motion of hip, knee, and ankle
      4. Instruction in use of cane
      5. Graded elastic band use
    4. Pool Therapy
    5. Re-Evaluate after 4-6 weeks
    6. Modestly effective in reducing Knee Pain
      1. Thomas (2002) BMJ 325:752-5 [PubMed]
  3. Unloader Knee Brace (valgus) for medial Knee DJD
    1. Kirkley (1999) J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:539-48 [PubMed]
  4. Knee taping (pattelar taping)
    1. Upper tape for medial/AP tilt and medial glide
    2. Lower tape to protect pes anserine bursa
    3. Hinman (2003) BMJ 327:135-8 [PubMed]
  5. Progressive Walking Program
    1. Reevaluate monthly over 3-6 months
  6. Adjust prior activities
    1. Avoid high knee impact activities
      1. Running
      2. Stair Climbing
    2. Avoid prolonged standing, kneeling, or squatting
    3. Consider Biking, Swimming
  7. Avoid ineffective methods
    1. Lateral 5 degree heel wedge for medial knee Arthritis was not found effective
      1. Parkes (2013) JAMA 310(7): 722-30 [PubMed]

III. Management: Analgesics

  1. Local Cold Therapy
  2. Acetaminophen
    1. Dosing: 1000 mg orally two to four times daily prn (<2-4 grams/day)
    2. As effective as Ibuprofen (at any dose)
    3. Bradley (1991) N Engl J Med 325(2): 87-91 [PubMed]
    4. Verkleij (2011) Osteoarthritis Cartilage 19(8): 921-9 [PubMed]
  3. NSAIDS (use only with caution in older adults)
    1. Avoid in elderly
      1. See Nephrotoxicity due to NSAIDs
      2. See NSAID Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects
    2. COX2 Inhibitors offer no benefit over standard NSAIDs, and increased Cardiac Risk
    3. Consider Topical NSAIDs (e.g. Diclofenac)
      1. Effective and well tolerated
      2. Derry (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev (9):CD007400 +PMID:22972108 [PubMed]
  4. Sodium hyaluronate or Hyaluronic acid (Synvisc)
    1. Variable study results
    2. Study supporting use
      1. Intra-articular viscosupplementation
      2. Effectively decreases pain and increases function
      3. Petrella (2002) Arch Intern Med 162:292-8 [PubMed]
    3. Studies suggesting minimal to no benefit
      1. Lo GH (2003) JAMA 290:3115-21 [PubMed]
      2. Arrich (2005) CMAJ 172:1039-43 [PubMed]
  5. Intra-articular Corticosteroid
    1. See Knee Joint Injection
    2. Offers short-term relief
      1. Reserve for special occasion (e.g. pre-vacation)
    3. Depot glucocorticoid (triamcinolone hexacetonide)
    4. For persistent pain not relieved with above
    5. Avoid more than 3 times per year
  6. Glucosamine Sulfate
    1. Dosing: Glucosamine 500 mg three times daily
    2. Glucosamine and Chondroitin are NOT recommended by AAOS
    3. Mixed study results, although Cochrane review did not show compelling benefit
      1. Towheed (2005) Cochrane Database Sysy Rev (2):CD002946 +PMID:15846645 [PubMed]

IV. Management: Chronic Unrelenting Pain

  1. Topical Capsaicin Creams
  2. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
  3. Local massage
  4. Systemic Analgesics
    1. Tramadol (Ultram)
    2. Opioids
  5. Acupuncture
    1. Decreases pain scores by 40% and improves function
    2. Berman (2004) Ann Intern Med 141:901-10 [PubMed]
  6. Amitriptyline (Elavil)
  7. Pain management counseling and support groups

V. Management: Assistive Devices

  1. Physical Therapy
    1. Unloader Knee Brace (valgus) for medial Knee DJD
    2. Knee sleeve
    3. Cane
    4. Walker
  2. Occupational Therapy home visit
    1. Bath benches
    2. Raised toilet seat
    3. Grab bars
    4. Object reachers

VI. Management: Surgery

  1. Arthroscopy Indications
    1. Not indicated in most cases of Knee Osteoarthritis
    2. Loose bodies
    3. Locking, catching or giving way
  2. Total Knee Replacement
    1. Indicated if moderate to severe persistent pain refractory to conservative measures

VII. References

  1. (1997) Postgrad Med 102(5): 167-79 [PubMed]
  2. Jones (2015) Am Fam Physician 92(10): 875-83 [PubMed]
  3. Ringdahl (2011) Am Fam Physician 83(11): 1287-92 [PubMed]

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Ontology: Osteoarthritis, Knee (C0409959)

Definition (MSH) Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D020370
ICD10 M17 , M17.9
SnomedCT 239873007, 201893003, 156493004, 201908002, 239856005
English Knee osteoarthritis NOS, Osteoarthritis NOS, of knee, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Knee Osteoarthritides, Knee Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritides, Knee, osteoarthrosis of knee, osteoarthritis of knee (diagnosis), osteoarthritis of knee, osteoarthrosis of knee (diagnosis), OSTEOARTHRITIS SUSCEPTIBILITY 6, OS6, OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE, Osteoarthritis of knee, unspecified, Osteoarthritis, Knee [Disease/Finding], knee osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis;knee, knee osteoarthrosis, Gonarthrosis, Knees, Osteoarthritis Of, Knee, Osteoarthritis Of, Osteoarthritis Of Knee, Osteoarthritis Of Knees, Osteoarthritis NOS, of knee (disorder), OA - Osteoarthritis of knee, Osteoarthritis of knee, Degenerative joint disease of knee, Knee DJD, Osteoarthritis of knee (disorder), Osteoarthrosis of knee, Osteo arthritis knees, OA knee, Knee osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis knee, Osteoarthritis knees, osteoarthritis of the knee
Dutch knie osteoartritis, osteoartritis knie, osteoartritis nek, osteoartritis knieën, Gonartrose, Gonarthrosis, Artrose van de knie, Knieartrose, Osteoarthritis van de knie
French Arthrose des genoux, A du genou, Ostéoarthrite des genoux, Gonarthrose, Arthrose du genou
German Osteoarthritis des Knies, Osteoarthritis Knie, OA Knie, Gonarthrose, Arthrose, Knie, Osteoarthrose, Knie
Italian Osteoartrite delle ginocchia, Osteoartrite de ginocchio, Gonartrosi, Osteoartrite del ginocchio
Portuguese Osteartrite do joelho, Osteartrite dos joelhos, Osteoartrite do Joelho
Spanish Osteoartritis de las rodillas, Artrosis de rodilla, OA de rodilla, Artrosis de rodillas, Osteoarthritis NOS, of knee, artrosis, SAI, de rodilla (trastorno), artrosis, SAI, de rodilla, artrosis de la rodilla (trastorno), artrosis de la rodilla, artrosis rotuliana, Osteoartritis de la Rodilla
Swedish Knäartros
Czech gonartróza, osteoartritida kolenní, Osteoartritida kolene, Osteoartritida kolen
Finnish Polviartroosi
Russian OSTEOARTRIT KOLENNOGO SUSTAVA, KOLENNOGO SUSTAVA OSTEOARTRIT, КОЛЕ��ОГО СУСТ�В� ОСТЕО�РТРИТ, ОСТЕО�РТРИТ КОЛЕ��ОГО СУСТ�В�
Croatian OSTEOARTRITIS KOLJENA
Japanese ��ｹｲｾｲﾋｻﾞｶ�ｾﾂｼｮｳ, ﾋｻﾞｶ�ｾﾂOA, ��ｹｲｾｲｼﾂｶ�ｾﾂｼｮｳ, 変形性�関節症, �関節ＯＡ, ｼﾂｶ�ｾﾂOA
Polish Choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawu kolanowego
Hungarian Térdízületi arthrosis, Térdek arthrosisa, Térd arthrosis, Térd OA
Norwegian Kneartrose, Kneleddsartrose, Artrose i kneet, Degenerativ knelidelse
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

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