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Colposcopy

Aka: Colposcopy, Colposcopy Protocol

I. See Also

  1. Cervix Anatomy
  2. Colposcopy Findings
  3. Colposcopy Protocol
  4. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Procedures

II. Indications

  1. See Cervical Dysplasia
  2. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
    1. Persistent LSIL (or CIN 1)
    2. HSIL (or CIN 2 or CIN 3)
  3. ASCUS Pap Smears
    1. Persistent ASC-US or HPV positive for high risk type (e.g. HPV 16 and 18)
    2. ASC-H (cannot rule-out HGSIL)
  4. Atypical Glandular Cells (AGC)
    1. All subtypes except atypical endometrial cells
    2. Endometrial Biopsy for atypical endometrial cells

III. Preparation: Patient

  1. Consent
  2. Questions
  3. Ibuprofen 800 mg, 30 minutes before procedure

IV. Exam: External

  1. Bimanual
    1. Uterus size and pain on palpation
    2. Cervix position
    3. Cervical Motion Tenderness (CMT)
  2. Vulva
    1. Obvious condyloma
    2. Apply Acetic acid after cervical exam
    3. Avoid acetic acid before performing Pap Smear

V. Exam: Cervical (without colposcope)

  1. Warmed Speculum
  2. Vaginal stint indications
    1. Obese patient
    2. Multiparous patients
  3. Cervical Exam without microscopy
    1. Signs of obvious inflammation
    2. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia testing
    3. Pap Smear with HPV testing

VI. Exam: Cervical (Under Colposcopy)

  1. Apply Acetic Acid (5%) with cotton swab every 5 min
  2. Scan entire Cervix at low power (5x)
  3. Observe Vascular patterns at high magnification
    1. Consider use of the green filter
  4. Consider Lugol's Solution to clarify lesion sites
    1. Sharply outlines potential biopsy sites
  5. Mentally Map areas or obtain pictures
  6. Is Colposcopy Adequate?
    1. Is Entire Squamocolumnar Junction (SCJ) visualized?
      1. Consider Kogan endocervical speculum
    2. Any visualized lesions seen in entirety
    3. Endocervical curettage (ECC) is negative
    4. Colposcopy and biopsies agree with Pap Smear

VII. Technique: Biopsies

  1. Endocervical Curettage (ECC)
    1. Contraindicated in pregnancy
    2. Efficacy: Conflicting results
      1. One study found CIN3 cases only by ECC in 11% of cases
        1. Pretorius (2011) J Low Genit Tract Dis 15(3): 180-8 [PubMed]
      2. Another study found CIN2+ cases only by ECC in just 1% of 13000+ cases
        1. Gage (2010) Am J Obstet Gynecol 203(5): 481 [PubMed]
    3. Indications
      1. Unsatisfactory Colposcopy after low grade CIN finding
      2. Evaluation of high grade lesion
      3. Evaluation of AGCUS (also requires Endometrial Biopsy or other evaluation)
    4. Technique
      1. Perform last after other biopsies are taken
      2. Consider topical benzocaine on swabs
        1. Leave in endocervical canal for 30 seconds
      3. Kevorkian curette rotated 360 degrees twice
  2. Cervical Punch Biopsy
    1. Obtain 3 mm samples at multiple sites
      1. Choose sites with acetowhite changes and other findings suggestive of CIN (including low grade changes)
      2. Do not limit biopsies to only high grade changes as this may miss more than 40% of CIN2+ lesions
        1. Multiple biopsy sites is key to adequate sampling
        2. Massad (2003) Gynecol Oncol 89(3): 424-8 [PubMed]
      3. Avoid biopsies of normal appearing Cervix as these have low yield of abnormalities (3.8%)
        1. Pretorius (2011) J Low Genit Tract Dis 15(3): 180-8 [PubMed]
      4. Random sampling (e.g. 4 quadrant sampling) is not recommended
        1. Pretorius (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol 191(2): 430-4 [PubMed]
    2. Start with inferior sites and work upwards
      1. Less blood interference from other biopsy sites
    3. Not necessary to include normal margins in biopsy
    4. Do not use Monsel's until after all biopsies taken
  3. Ectocervical Brush (experimental)
    1. New stiff bristled brush designed for Colposcopy
    2. More effective than cervical Punch Biopsy
      1. Brush correlation with loop excision: 76-79%
      2. Punch Biopsy correlation with loop excission: 53%
    3. Significantly less pain than with Punch Biopsy
    4. References
      1. Monk (2002) Obstet Gynecol 100:1276-84 [PubMed]

VIII. Technique: Coagulation of Bleeding

  1. Monsel's Solution
    1. Should be thickness of toothpaste
    2. Swab out excess Monsel's and Bloody debris
  2. Silver Nitrate
    1. For isolated bleeding sites

IX. Technique: Ending of Procedure

  1. Observe vaginal walls while removing speculum
    1. Use a dental mirror pre-heated in warm water
  2. Patient rests supine for several minutes
  3. Diagram exam
    1. Document cervical os
    2. Document Squamocolumnar junction (SCJ)
    3. Document biopsy sites

X. Education: Post-Procedure instructions

  1. No intercourse or tampons for 7 days
  2. Return to clinic
    1. Foul vaginal odor or discharge
    2. Pelvic Pain
    3. Fever
  3. Follow-up for histology results in 2 weeks

XI. Procedures

  1. See Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Procedures

XII. References

  1. Brotzman (1994) J Fam Pract 39:271-8 [PubMed]
  2. Coppleson (1993) Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 20:83-110 [PubMed]
  3. Ferris (1991) J Fam Pract 33:506-15 [PubMed]
  4. Newkirk (1990) J Fam Pract 31:171-8 [PubMed]
  5. Wright (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:295-304 [PubMed]

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Ontology: Colposcopy (C0009417)

Definition (MSHCZE) Vyšetření, terapie nebo operace kr�ku a pochvy pomocí speciálně konstruovaného edoskopu, který se zavádí vaginálně.
Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) Examination of the vagina and cervix using a lighted magnifying instrument called a colposcope.
Definition (NCI) Endoscopic examination of the uterine cervix and vagina.
Definition (MSH) The examination, therapy or surgery of the cervix and vagina by means of a specially designed endoscope introduced vaginally.
Concepts Diagnostic Procedure (T060)
MSH D003127
ICD10 35614-00
SnomedCT 274381007, 142513005, 64639005, 392003006
HL7 CP
LNC LP32204-7
English Colposcopies, Colposcopy, colposcopy (procedure), colposcopic examination, colposcopy, colposcopies, Colposcopy (procedure)
Swedish Kolposkopi
Japanese ｺﾙﾎﾟｽｺﾋﾟｰ, 膣�診, 腟拡大�検査, 腟�検査, 腟�検査法, 腟�診, 腟拡大�診, 内視�検査-腟, コル�スコピー
Czech kolposkopie, Kolposkopie
Finnish Emättimentähystys
Russian KHIRURGICHESKIE PROTSEDURY KOL'POSKOPICHESKIE, KOL'POSKOPICHESKIE PROTSEDURY KHIRURGICHESKIE, KOL'POSKOPIIA, КОЛЬПОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ, КОЛЬПОСКОПИЯ, ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ КОЛЬПОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ
Croatian KOLPOSKOPIJA
Polish Kolposkopia
Hungarian Kolposzkópia
Norwegian Kolposkopi, Vaginoskopi
Spanish colposcopia (procedimiento), colposcopia, Colposcopia, Colposcopía
Dutch colposcopie, Colposcopie
French Colposcopie
German Kolposkopie
Italian Colposcopia
Portuguese Colposcopia
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

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