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Peripheral IV Access

Aka: Peripheral IV Access, Peripheral Catheterization, Peripheral Venous Catheterization

I. See Also

  1. Intravenous Access
  2. Central IV Access
  3. Intraosseous Access
  4. Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization
  5. Ultrasound-Guided Antecubital Line
  6. Difficult Intravenous Access in Children

II. Types: Needles

  1. Over the Needle Catheter (Preferred)
    1. Age < 1 year: 22, 24 gauges
    2. Age 1-8 years: 18, 20, 22 gauges
    3. Age >8 years: 16, 18, 20 gauges
    4. Large Bore: 14-16 gauge
  2. Butterfly Needle
    1. Newborn: 23-25 gauges
    2. Age <8 years: 23, 21, 20 gauges
    3. Age >8 years: 21, 20, 18 gauges

III. Types: Sites

  1. Upper Extremity: Antecubital
    1. Cephalic Vein (lateral Forearm)
    2. Median cubital vein
    3. Basilic Vein (medial Forearm)
  2. Lower Extremity
    1. Great Saphenous Vein
      1. Descends through medial leg and ankle
      2. Lies anterior to medial malleolus
      3. Extends over dorsum into dorsal venous arch
    2. Median Marginal Vein
  3. Scalp
    1. Small superficial veins
    2. Not recommended in Resuscitation

IV. Technique

  1. Consider Local Anesthesia at catheter insertion site
    1. Subcutaneous 1% Lidocaine 5 minutes before or
    2. Topical Lidocaine (ELA-Max) occluded 30 min. before
    3. Luhmann (2004) Pediatrics 113:e217-20 [PubMed]
  2. Consider limb warming prior to IV cannula insertion
    1. Mitt for hand and Forearm warmed to 125 F (52 C)
    2. Increases success rate and decreases insertion time
    3. Lenhardt (2002) BMJ 325:409-10 [PubMed]
  3. Immobilize the extremity
  4. Locate and stretch the vein
    1. Soft roll of gauze to hyperextend the elbow
    2. Flex the wrist to extend the dorsal hand veins
    3. Extend the ankle to extend the dorsal foot veins
  5. Apply a Tourniquet to proximal vein
    1. Consider Blood Pressure cuff (inflated to 150 mmHg on arm)
      1. Very effective at maintaining non-compressible veins for peripheral vein cannulation
      2. Kule (2014) J Emerg Med S0736-4679(13) [PubMed]
  6. Antiseptic to cannulation site
  7. Flush the needle catheter with sterile saline
  8. Enter Skin
    1. Puncture distal to the site
    2. Enter at 45 degrees with bevel down
    3. Pull the skin to the side while entering skin
    4. Avoid entering the vein with needle
  9. Cannulate vein
    1. Slowly advance catheter/needle until free blood flow
    2. Advance catheter/needle a few millimeters
    3. Advance the remainder of the catheter of needle
  10. Remove the needle and confirm backflow
  11. Remove the Tourniquet

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Ontology: Catheterization, Peripheral (C0007436)

Definition (MSH) Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Concepts Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure (T061) , Diagnostic Procedure (T060)
MSH D002406
English Catheterization, Peripheral, Catheterizations, Peripheral, Peripheral Catheterization, Peripheral Catheterizations, PERIPHERAL CATH, CATH PERIPHERAL, peripheral catheterization
Swedish Kateterisering, perifer
Finnish Perifeerinen katetrisaatio
Russian KATETERIZATSIIA PERIFERICHESKAIA, KATETERIZATSIIA PERIFERICHESKAIA ARTERIAL'NAIA, KATETERIZATSIIA PERIFERICHESKAIA VENOZNAIA, PERIFERICHESKAIA KATETERIZATSIIA, KATETERIZATSIIA BRONKHIAL'NAIA, К�ТЕТЕРИЗ�ЦИЯ БРО�ХИ�ЛЬ��Я, К�ТЕТЕРИЗ�ЦИЯ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСК�Я, К�ТЕТЕРИЗ�ЦИЯ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСК�Я �РТЕРИ�ЛЬ��Я, К�ТЕТЕРИЗ�ЦИЯ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСК�Я ВЕ�ОЗ��Я, ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСК�Я К�ТЕТЕРИЗ�ЦИЯ
Japanese 動脈カテーテル-末梢, 末梢�脈カテーテル, 末梢動脈カテーテル法, カテーテル法-末梢動脈, 気管支カテーテル, �脈カテーテル-末梢, �脈カテーテル法-末梢, カテーテル法-末梢, カテーテル-末梢, 動脈カテーテル法-末梢, 末梢カテーテル, カテーテル-末梢動脈, カテーテル法-気管支, 末梢�脈カテーテル法, カテーテル-末梢�脈, カテーテル法-末梢�脈, 末梢動脈カテーテル, 気管支カテーテル法, カテーテル-気管支, 末梢カテーテル法
Polish Cewnikowanie obwodowe żył, Cewnikowanie obwodowe, Cewnikowanie obwodowe tętnic, Cewnikowanie oskrzelowe
Czech periferní katetrizace, katetrizace periferní
Norwegian Kateterisering, perifer, Perifer kateterisering
French Cathétérisme périphérique
German Katheterisierung, periphere, Periphere Katheterisierung
Italian Cateterismo periferico
Dutch Catheterisatie, perifere, Katheterisatie, perifere
Portuguese Cateterismo Periférico
Spanish Cateterismo Periférico
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Ontology: Peripheral Venous Catheterization (C0031127)

Concepts Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure (T061)
MSH D002406
English Catheterization, Peripheral Venous, Catheterizations, Peripheral Venous, Peripheral Venous Catheterizations, Venous Catheterization, Peripheral, Venous Catheterizations, Peripheral, CATH PERIPHERAL VENOUS, PERIPHERAL VENOUS CATH, VENOUS CATH PERIPHERAL, Peripheral Venous Catheterization
Czech katetrizace periferních vén
German Katheterisierung, periphere venöse, Venöse Katheterisierung, periphere
French Cathétérisme périphérique veineux
Norwegian Perifer venøs kateterisering, Kateterisering, perifer venøs
Italian Cateterismo venoso periferico
Dutch Katheterisatie, perifere veneuze
Portuguese Cateterismo Venoso Periférico
Spanish Cateterismo Venoso Periférico
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Related Topics in Procedure

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