I. Mechanism
- Plant Sterols resemble Cholesterol
- Modified side-chain
- Reduces intestinal absorption of LDL Cholesterol
- Hepatic de novo Cholesterol synthesis may increase
II. Efficacy
- Modestly reduces serum LDL Cholesterol (10-14%)
- LDL Cholesterol lowered 160 to 134-138
- References
III. Preparations: Plant Stanol ester enriched margarine
- Benecol (hydrogenated sterols)
- Sitostanol from pine tree wood pulp
- Less absorption than with Sitosterol (Take Control)
- Take Control (unsaturated sterols)
- Sitosterol from soybean oil
- Minute Maid Heart Wise orange juice
- Two glasses per day recommended
IV. Dosing
- Studies used 2-3 g/day Sterol (30 g/day of spread)
V. Adverse Effects
- Well tolerated without affecting margarine taste
- Potentially atherogenic (Coronary Artery Disease risk)
- High Plant Sterol concentrations assoc. with CAD
- Stanols (Benecol) less absorbed than Sterols
- Concentrations lower with Benecol than Take Control
VI. Precautions
- Do not use in patients with inherited Sitosterolemia
- Risk of premature Ischemic Heart Disease
- Risk of xanthoma formation
VII. References
- (1998) J Postgrad Med, Managing High Cholesterol
- (1999) Med Lett Drugs Ther 41(1055):56-8 [PubMed]
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| Definition (MSH) | A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A plant-based compound that can compete with dietary cholesterol to be absorbed by the intestines, resulting in lower blood cholesterol levels. Phytosterols may have some effect in cancer prevention. Also called plant sterol. |
| Definition (NCI_CRCH) | A class of dietary sterols present in plants with chemical structures nearly identical to cholesterol. |
| Definition (NCI) | Any sterol found in the plant kingdom. |
| Concepts | Biologically Active Substance (T123) , Steroid (T110) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
| MSH | D010840 |
| SnomedCT | 226360008 |
| LNC | LP183760-0 |
| English | Phytosterols, Plant Sterols, Sterols, Plant, Phytosterols [Chemical/Ingredient], plant sterols, phytosterols, Plant Sterol, phytosterol, Plant Steroids, Steroids, Plant, plant sterol, Phytosterol, Phytosterol (substance) |
| Swedish | Fytosteroler |
| Czech | fytosteroly, rostlinné steroly |
| Finnish | Kasvisterolit |
| Russian | FITOSTERINY, RASTITEL'NYE STERINY, FITOSTEROLY, RASTITEL'NYE STEROLY, Р�СТИТЕЛЬ�ЫЕ СТЕРИ�Ы, Р�СТИТЕЛЬ�ЫЕ СТЕРОЛЫ, ФИТОСТЕРИ�Ы, ФИТОСТЕРОЛЫ |
| Japanese | æ¤�物ステãƒãƒ¼ãƒ«, フィトステãƒãƒ¼ãƒ« |
| Italian | Steroli delle piante, Fitosteroli |
| Polish | Fitosterole |
| Spanish | Esteroides Vegetales, fitosterol (sustancia), fitosterol, Esteroles de las Plantas, Fitosteroles |
| Portuguese | Esteroides Vegetais, Esteróis das Plantas, Fitosteróis |
| French | Phytostérols |
| German | Pflanzensterine, Pflanzensterole, Phytosterole |
Ontology: Sitosterols (C0037215)
| Definition (MSH) | A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized. |
| Definition (CSP) | group of closely related natural plant sterols with anticholesterolemic properties. |
| Concepts | Steroid (T110) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
| MSH | D012855 |
| English | Sitosterols, sitosterols (medication), sitosterols, Sitosterols [Chemical/Ingredient], sitosterol, SITOSTEROLS |
| Swedish | Sitosteroler |
| Czech | sitosteroly |
| Finnish | Sitosterolit |
| Russian | SITOSTEROLY, SITOSTERINY, СИТОСТЕРИ�Ы, СИТОСТЕРОЛЫ |
| Japanese | シトステãƒãƒ¼ãƒ« |
| Polish | Sytosterolu pochodne |
| Portuguese | Sitosteroides |
| French | Sitostérol |
| German | Sitosterole |
| Italian | Sitosteroli |
| Spanish | Sitoesteroles |
Ontology: stigmastanol (C0075252)
| Definition (NCI) | A steroid derivative characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and a saturated bond in position 5-6 of the B ring. |
| Definition (NCI_CRCH) | The saturated form of beta-sitosterol. |
| Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | C021255 |
| LNC | LP173721-4, MTHU047879 |
| English | (3 beta,5 alpha)-stigmastan- 3-ol, dihydrositosterol, sitostanol, stigmastanol, 5,6-Dihydro-beta-sitosterol, Stigmastanol, Dihydro-beta-sitosterol, 24 alpha-ethyl-5alpha-choestan-3beta-ol, STIGMASTANOL |
Ontology: Benecol (C0917633)
| Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | C407042 |
| English | benecol, Benecol |
