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Angina Pectoris

Aka: Angina Pectoris, Angina, Myocardial Ischemia, Ischemic Heart Disease

I. See Also

  1. Chest Pain
  2. Acute Chest Pain Approach
  3. Cardiac Risk Factors
  4. Angina
  5. Angina Diagnosis
  6. Unstable Angina
  7. TIMI Risk Score
  8. Bosner Chest Pain Decision Rule
  9. Acute Coronary Syndrome
  10. Acute Coronary Syndrome Immediate Management
  11. Acute Coronary Syndrome Adjunctive Therapy
  12. High Risk Acute Coronary Syndrome Management
  13. Moderate Risk Acute Coronary Syndrome Management
  14. Low Risk Acute Coronary Syndrome Management
  15. Myocardial Infarction Stabilization
  16. Serum Cardiac Markers
  17. Electrocardiogram in Myocardial Infarction
  18. Echocardiogram in Myocardial Infarction
  19. Goldman Criteria for ICU Chest Pain Admission

II. History

  1. Ask Exercise History
  2. How often do you take Nitroglycerin?

III. Symptoms

  1. See Chest Pain

IV. Diagnosis

  1. See Angina Diagnosis

V. Types: Angina

  1. Chronic Angina (Fixed Obstruction)
    1. Resting Angina: 90% stenosis
    2. Pretreat higher endurance activities
      1. Take Nitroglycerin sublingual before activity
  2. Unstable Angina (Plaque rupture)
    1. Myocardial Infarction high risk
      1. Often occurs with 2 weeks of symptom onset
  3. Vasospastic Angina (Prinzmetal's Angina)
    1. See Vasospastic Angina

VI. Labs: Biomarkers of chronic disease

  1. NT-proBNP
    1. Confers >5 fold risk of mortality if increased
  2. hs-CRP
    1. Confers up to 1.3 risk of coronary disease
  3. References
    1. Ndrepepna (2005) Circulation 112:2102-2107 [PubMed]

VII. Management: Non-Pharmacologic

  1. Mental Stress confers Myocardial Ischemia risk
    1. Decreases Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
    2. Doubles the risk of ischemic complications
  2. References
    1. Jiang (1996) JAMA 275:1651-6 [PubMed]

VIII. Management: Pharmacologic (Mechanisms of action)

  1. Protocol
    1. Pearls
      1. Stress test or angiography again if need >2 agents
    2. Options
      1. Sublingual Nitroglycerin prn and before Exercise
      2. Beta Blockers (preferred)
      3. Long acting nitroglcerin
      4. Calcium Channel Blocker (third-line)
  2. Nitroglycerin
    1. Reduces Preload
    2. Reduces Afterload
    3. Dilates collaterals
  3. Beta Blocker
    1. Reduces Heart Rate
    2. Reduces Afterload
    3. Decreases cardiac contractility
    4. Contraindications
      1. Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
  4. Calcium Channel Blocker
    1. Reduces Afterload
    2. Prevents Vasoconstriction
      1. No significant effect on vasodilatation
  5. Aspirin
    1. Platelet aggregation
  6. Combination: Beta Blocker with:
    1. Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker OR
    2. Nitroglycerin
  7. Ranolazine
    1. Used in combination with other agents above
    2. Reduces Angina frequency and Nitroglycerin use
    3. Chaitman (2004) JAMA 291:309-16 [PubMed]
  8. Lipid lowering agents
    1. Decrease morbid events significantly
      1. Myocardial Infarction
      2. Angina
    2. Do not significantly affect coronary lesions size
    3. Do probably change composition of Plaques
      1. Decreases risk of Plaque rupture

IX. Management: Comorbidity

  1. Major Depression
  2. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  3. Obesity
  4. Cerebrovascular Disease symptoms
  5. Peripheral Vascular Disease

X. Management: Patient Instructions

  1. Rehearse what to do:
    1. Chest Pain
      1. Take one Nitroglycerin sublingually at onset
      2. Chew one Aspirin 162 to 325 mg (in whom there is no contraindication)
      3. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve within 5 minutes
    2. Transient Ischemic Attacks
  2. Review Prevention
    1. See Cardiac Risk Reduction
    2. Omega-3-Fatty Acids
    3. Increase activity
  3. Testing (review if current, esp. if high risk)
    1. Stress Testing every 3-5 years
    2. Coronary Artery Disease Biomarkers (see above) every 3-5 years
    3. Secondary prevention labs
      1. Lipid profile
      2. Hemoglobin A1C
  4. Review Goals
    1. Blood Pressure <130/80
    2. LDL Cholesterol <70-100 mg/dl
    3. HDL Cholesterol >45 mg/dl
    4. Body Mass Index optimization
    5. Hemoglobin A1C < 7.0
  5. Review Medications
    1. Aspirin
    2. ACE Inhibitor
    3. Beta Blocker
    4. Antianginals
  6. Follow-up
    1. Primary care visits every 6 months if stable
    2. Cardiology every 1-2 years
  7. Handouts
    1. Updated medication list and after visit summary
    2. Mediterranean Diet

XI. Documentation: Problem Summary

  1. History of Myocardial Infarction
  2. Ejection Fraction
  3. Revascularization procedures
  4. Angina (stability, severity, ischemic equivalents)
  5. Stress tests and imaging
  6. Secondary prevention goals at target?

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Ontology: Angina Pectoris (C0002962)

Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (CHV) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Angina is chest pain or discomfort you feel when there is not enough blood flow to your heart muscle. Your heart muscle needs the oxygen that the blood carries. Angina may feel like pressure or a squeezing pain in your chest. It may feel like indigestion. You may also feel pain in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.

Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common heart disease. CAD happens when a sticky substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, reducing blood flow.

There are three types of angina:

  • Stable angina is the most common type. It happens when the heart is working harder than usual. Stable angina has a regular pattern. Rest and medicines usually help.
  • Unstable angina is the most dangerous. It does not follow a pattern and can happen without physical exertion. It does not go away with rest or medicine. It is a sign that you could have a heart attack soon.
  • Variant angina is rare. It happens when you are resting. Medicines can help.

Not all chest pain or discomfort is angina. If you have chest pain, you should see your health care provider.

NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Definition (NCI) Previous or current symptoms described as chest pain or pressure, jaw pain, arm pain, or other equivalent discomfort suggestive of cardiac ischemia.(NIH Roadmap Cardiovascular Data Standards Working Group)
Definition (NCI) A heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart.
Definition (NCI_CTCAE) A disorder characterized by substernal discomfort due to insufficient myocardial oxygenation.
Definition (MSH) The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.
Definition (CSP) recurring thoracic pain or discomfort which occurs when a part of the heart does not receive enough blood; usually caused by exertion or excitement.
Concepts Finding (T033)
MSH D000787
ICD9 413
ICD10 I20 , I20.9, I20.8
SnomedCT 17828002, 194835008, 155307004, 367416001, 194830003, 194832006, 194839002, 194828000, 225566008
LNC LA14275-4
English Anginal pain, Angina Pectoris, Angor Pectoris, Stenocardia, Stenocardias, ANGINA PECTORIS, ANGINAL PAIN, ANGINAL SYNDROME, Angina pectoris NOS, Ischaemic ht dis - angina, Ischemic ht dis - angina, Angina pectoris, unspecified, anginal pain, angina pectoris (diagnosis), angina pectoris, Angina syndrome, Angina of effort, Angina NOS, Angina Pectoris [Disease/Finding], pectoris angina, Pain;angina, anginal syndrome, angina, angor pectoris, cardiac angina, ischemic chest pain, pain angina, anginas, Angina pectoris (disorder), Anginal discomfort, Stenocardia (disorder), Angina pectoris NOS (disorder), Ischaemic chest pain (disorder), Angina, Angina pectoris, ANGINA, Chest pain - cardiac, chest pain ischemic, Ischemic chest pain (diagnosis), Anginal syndrome, Cardiac angina, Ischaemic heart disease - angina, Ischemic heart disease - angina, AP - Angina pectoris, Ischaemic chest pain, Ischemic chest pain, Ischemic chest pain (finding), Angina (disorder), Ischaemic heart dis with angina, Ischemic heart dis with angina, Ischemic heart disease with angina, Ischaemic heart disease with angina, stenocardia, chest; pain, ischemic, pain; chest, ischemic, syndrome; anginal, anginal; syndrome, Angina pectoris, NOS, Angina pectoris (disorder) [Ambiguous], Angina, NOS, Angina, cardiac, angina pain
Portuguese ANGINA PECTORIS, Angina, Dor anginosa, Dor torácica isquémica, Síndrome anginosa, Desconforto anginoso, DOR ANGINOSA, SINDROME ANGINOSO, Angor do Peito, Angina de peito, Angina Pectoris, Angor Pectoris, Estenocardia
German ANGINA PECTORIS, Anginabeschwerden, ischaemischer Brustschmerz, Anginasyndrom, Angina, Anginaschmerz, ANGINA PECTORIS SYNDROM, Angina pectoris, nicht naeher bezeichnet, HERZSCHMERZEN, Angina pectoris, Angor pectoris, Stenokardie
Dutch angineuze pijn, angineus ongemak, anginasyndroom, ischemische pijn op de borst, angina, ischemische pijn op borst, angineus syndroom, stenocardie, Ischemische hartziekte met angina, angineus; syndroom, borst; pijn, ischemisch, pijn; borst, ischemisch, syndroom; angineus, Angina pectoris, niet gespecificeerd, angina pectoris, Angina pectoris, Angor pectoris, Stenocardie
French Douleur angineuse, Syndrome d'angor, Douleur thoracique ischémique, Gêne angineuse, Angor, Maladie d'Heberden, Angine de poitrine, Sténocardie, Angor pectoris, ANGINE DE POITRINE, DOULEUR ANGINEUSE, SYNDROME ANGINEUX
Italian Angina, Sindrome anginosa, Dolore anginoso, Dolore toracico ischemico, Fastidio anginoso, Stenocardia, Angina pectoris
Spanish Angina, Síndrome anginoso, Dolor isquémico, Dolor isquémico del pecho, Dolor anginoso, Molestia angoroide, cardiopatía isquémica (trastorno), ANGINOSO, SINDROME, ANGOR, DOLOR ANGINOSO, cardiopatía isquémica, angina de pecho, SAI (trastorno), estenocardia (trastorno), Angina pectoris NOS, estenocardia, angina pectoris, angina de pecho, SAI, angina cordis, Angina de Pecho, angina de pecho (trastorno), angor (trastorno), angina de pecho, angina de pecho (concepto no activo), angina, angor pectoris, angor, dolor torácico isquémico (hallazgo), dolor torácico isquémico, síndrome anginoso, Angina de pecho, Estenocardia, Angina Pectoris, Angor de Pecho
Japanese アンギナ, 狭心症性�快感, 狭心痛, 虚血性胸痛, 狭心症症候群, ｷｮｳｼ�ｼｮｳ, ｷｮｳｼ�ﾂｳ, ｷｮｹﾂｾｲｷｮｳﾂｳ, ｱ�ｷﾞﾅ, ｷｮｳｼ�ｼｮｳｼｮｳｺｳｸﾞ�, ｷｮｳｼ�ｼｮｳｾｲﾌｶｲｶ�, 狭心症, 胸部苦悶
Swedish Kärlkramp
Czech angina pectoris, Angina pectoris, Ischemická bolest na hrudi, Syndrom anginy pectoris, Stenokardie, Anginózní diskomfort, Anginózní bolest, stenokardie, AP
Finnish Rasitusrintakipu
Russian STENOKARDIIA, GRUDNAIA ZHABA, ГРУД��Я Ж�Б�, СТЕ�ОК�РДИЯ
Korean �세불명� 협심�, 협심�
Croatian ANGINA PEKTORIS
Polish Dusznica bolesna, DÅ‚awica piersiowa, DÅ‚awica stabilna
Hungarian Ischaemiás mellkasi fájdalom, Angina, Anginás fájdalom, Stenocardia, Angina pectoris, Angina syndroma, Ischaemiás mellkasfájdalom, Anginás discomfort
Norwegian Angina pectoris, Hjertekrampe
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Ontology: Myocardial Ischemia (C0151744)

Definition (MSHCZE) Onemocnění srdce charakterizované nedostate�ným prokrvením – ischemií. Porušeno je zásobení kyslíkem (hypoxie) a živinami i odvádění zplodin látkové výměny (vzniká lokální acidóza, iontové změny). Podkladem je zúžení (popř. uzávěr) koronárních tepen obv. aterosklerózou (aterosklerotický plát, trombóza, spasmus). Hlavními projevy ICHS jsou zejména angina pectoris a infarkt myokardu. Ozna�ují se jako bolestivé (algické) formy. Dalšími projevy ICHS mohou být arytmie nebo srde�ní selhání (ischemie zvyšuje elektrickou nestabilitu myokardu a má negativní působení na kontraktilitu). K vzniku ICHS přispívají faktory, které jsou rizikovými faktory aterosklerózy (zejm. hyperlipoproteinemie, hypertenze, diabetes, kouření, stres atd.). V diagnóze se uplatňuje EKG, zátěžové testy (ergometrie), klidová i zátěžová echokardiografie, thalliový scan, biochemické vyšetření u akutní ischemie (infarktu). Zúžení koronárních tepen se zjišťuje koronarografií. V lé�bě se používají nitráty, betablokátory, antagonisté kalcia, antiagrega�ní lé�ba aj. V řadě případů se provádějí zákroky přímo na věn�itých tepnách – na otevřeném srdci (bypass) nebo perkutánně katetrizací (PTCA, stent). (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2012 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ )
Definition (NCI) A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries, to obstruction by a thrombus, or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (myocardial infarction).
Definition (CSP) blood deficiency in the myocardium caused by a constriction or obstruction of its blood vessels; frequently occurs in conjunction with hypoxia, which is reduction in oxygen supply.
Definition (MSH) A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D017202
ICD9 410-414.99
ICD10 I20-I25.9 , I20-I25
SnomedCT 155303000, 41702007, 32598000, 155322009, 194795001, 195540001, 194878003, 271430002, 233822007, 2610009, 414545008, 414795007
LNC LP31567-8, MTHU024507
English Disease, Ischemic Heart, Diseases, Ischemic Heart, Heart Disease, Ischemic, Heart Diseases, Ischemic, Ischemic Heart Disease, Ischemic Heart Diseases, Ischemia, Myocardial, Myocardial Ischemia, MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA, Ischemias, Myocardial, Myocardial Ischemias, MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA, Ischaemic heart disease NOS, Ischaemic heart diseases, Ischemic heart diseases, HEART DIS ISCHEMIC, ISCHEMIC HEART DIS, Cardiac ischaemia, myocardial ischemia (diagnosis), myocardial ischemia, IHD, Ischemia myocardial, Myocardial Ischemia [Disease/Finding], cardiac ischaemia, Disease;ischaemic heart, ihd, cardiac ischemia, myocardial ischaemia, myocardial ischemia/hypoxia, Ischemic heart diseases (I20-I25), Ischaemic heart disease (disorder), Ischemic heart disease NOS (disorder), Myocardial ischaemia (disorder), Ischaemia myocardial, Ischaemic heart disease NOS (disorder), ischemic heart disease, ischemic heart disease (diagnosis), ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, DISEASE, ISCHEMIC HEART, HEART DISEASE, ISCHEMIC, ischemia; heart, ischemia; myocardial, myocardium; ischemic, Ischemic heart disease, NOS, Ischaemic heart disease, NOS, Myocardial ischemia, NOS, Ischemic heart disease, IHD - Ischaemic heart disease, IHD - Ischemic heart disease, Ischaemic heart disease, Myocardial ischaemia, Myocardial ischemia, Cardiac ischemia, Ischemic heart disease (disorder), Myocardial ischemia (disorder), Ischemic heart disease NOS, Disease;ischemic heart, ischaemic heart disease
Portuguese ISQUEMIA MIOCARDICA, Isquemia cardíaca, Isquemia do miocárdio, Cardiopatia isquémica, Cardiopatia Isquêmica, Isquemia miocárdica, Doença Isquêmica do Coração, Isquemia Miocárdica
Spanish ISQUEMIA MIOCARDICA, ECI, Isquemia miocárdica, Enfermedad isquémica cardiaca, Isquemia cardiaca, Cardiopatía isquémica, cardiopatía isquémica, SAI (trastorno), Ischaemic heart disease NOS, cardiopatía isquémica, SAI, cardiopatía isquémica (concepto no activo), Ischemic heart disease NOS, enfermedad cardíaca isquémica, SAI, Isquemia de miocardio, cardiopatía isquémica (trastorno), cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cardíaca isquémica, enfermedad isquémica del corazón, isquemia miocárdica (trastorno), isquemia miocárdica, Cardiopatía Isquémica, Isquemia Miocárdica
Dutch hartischemie, IHD, ischemische hartziekte, ischemie myocard, ischemische hartaandoening, ischemie; hart, ischemie; myocard, myocard; ischemie, myocardischemie, Hartziekte, ischemische, Ischemie, myocard-, Ischemische hartziekte, Myocardischemie
French Ischémie cardiaque, Maladie cardiaque ischémique, IC, Cardiopathie ischémique, ISCHEMIE DU MYOCARDE, Ischémie myocardique, Ischémie du myocarde
German Myokardischaemie, ischaemische Herzkrankheit, IHD, kardiale Ischaemie, MYOKARDIALE ISCHAEMIE, myokardiale Ischaemie, Herzkrankheit, ischämische, Herzmuskelischämie, Ischämie, Myokard-, Ischämische Herzkrankheit, Myokardischämie
Italian Cardiopatia ischemica, Ischemia cardiaca, Ischemia miocardica
Japanese 心虚血, ｼ�ｷｮｹﾂ, ｷｮｹﾂｾｲｼ�ｼｯｶ�, ｼ�ｷ�ｷｮｹﾂ, 心筋虚血, 虚血-心筋, 虚血性心疾患, 心疾患-虚血性, 心臓疾患-虚血性, 虚血性心臓疾患
Swedish Myokardischemi
Finnish Sydänlihaksen iskemia
Russian ISHEMICHESKAIA BOLEZN' SERDTSA, SERDTSA ISHEMICHESKAIA BOLEZN', ISHEMIIA MIOKARDA, MIOKARDA ISHEMIIA, MIOKARDIAL'NAIA ISHEMIIA, ИШЕМИЧЕСК�Я БОЛЕЗ�Ь СЕРДЦ�, ИШЕМИЯ МИОК�РД�, МИОК�РД� ИШЕМИЯ, МИОК�РДИ�ЛЬ��Я ИШЕМИЯ, СЕРДЦ� ИШЕМИЧЕСК�Я БОЛЕЗ�Ь
Czech Ischemie myokardu, Myokardiální ischemie, Ischemická choroba srde�ní, Srde�ní ischemie, ischémie myokardu, myokard - ischémie, ICHS, ischemická choroba srde�ní
Croatian MIOKARD, ISHEMIJA
Polish Niedokrwienie mięśnia sercowego, Choroba niedokrwienna serca
Hungarian Cardialis ischaemia, Szív ischaemia, Szív ischaemiás betegsége, myocardialis ischaemia, Ischaemiás szívbetegség, Szívizom ischaemiája, Szívizom ischaemia, ISzB
Norwegian Ischemisk hjertesykdom, Myokardiskemi, Myokardischemi, Iskemisk hjertesykdom
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Related Topics in Coronary Artery Disease

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