Carbon dioxide
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| Names | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ither names
Carbonic acid gas
Carbonic anhydride Carbonic oxide Carbon oxide Carbon(IV) oxide Dry ice (solid phase) |
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| Identifiers | ||
124-38-9  |
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| 3DMet | B01131 | |
| ATC code | ||
| Beilstein Reference | 1900390 | |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16526 |
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| ChEMBL | ChEMBL1231871  |
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| ChemSpider | 274 |
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| EC-nummer | [1] | |
| Gmelin Reference | 989 | |
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| Jmol-3D images | Image Image |
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| KEGG | D00004 |
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| MeSH | Carbon+dioxide | |
| PubChem | ||
| RTECS nummer | FF6400000 | |
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| UNII | 142M471B3J |
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| UN nummer | 1013 | |
| Properties | ||
| CO2 | ||
| Molar mass | 44.01 g·mol−1 | |
| Appearance | Colorless gas | |
| Odor | Odorless | |
| Density | 1562 kg/m3 (solid at 1 atm an −78.5 °C) 770 kg/m3 (liquid at 56 atm an 20 °C) 1.977 kg/m3 (gas at 1 atm an 0 °C) |
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| Meltin pynt | −78.5 °C; −109.2 °F; 194.7 K subl. | |
| Boilin pynt | −56.6 °C; −69.8 °F; 216.6 K at 5.185 bar | |
| 1.45 g/L at 25 °C, 100 kPa | ||
| Vapor pressure | 5.73 MPa (20 °C) | |
| Acidity (pKa) | 6.35, 10.33 | |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.1120 | |
| Viscosity | 0.07 cP at −78.5 °C | |
| Dipole moment | 0 D | |
| Structure | ||
| Crystal structur | trigonal | |
| Molecular shape | linear | |
| Thermochemistry | ||
| Std enthalpy o formation ΔfH |
−393.5 kJ·mol−1 | |
| Staundart molar entropy S |
214 J·mol−1·K−1 | |
| Speceefic heat capacity, C | 37.135 J/K mol | |
| Hazards | ||
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich | |
| NFPA 704 | ||
| Related compounds | ||
| Ither anions | Carbon disulfide Carbon diselenide |
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| Ither cations | Silicon dioxide Germanium dioxide Tin dioxide Lead dioxide |
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| Relatit carbon oxides | Carbon monoxide Carbon suboxide Dicarbon monoxide Carbon trioxide |
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| Relatit compoonds | Carbonic acid Carbonyl sulfide |
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Except whaur otherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 verify (whit is:  / ?) |
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| Infobox references | ||
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a naiturally occurrin chemical compound componed o twa oxygen atoms covalently bonded tae a single carbon atom. It is a gas at staundart temperatur an pressur an exists in Yird's atmosphere in this state, as a trace gas at a concentration o 0.039 per cent bi volume.[1]
As pairt o the carbon cycle, plants, algae, an cyanobacteria uise licht energy tae photosynthesize carbohydrate frae carbon dioxide an watter, wi oxygen produced as a waste product.[2] However, photosynthesis cannae occur in darkness an at nicht some carbon dioxide is produced bi plants durin respiration.[3] Carbon dioxide is produced bi combustion o coal or hydrocarbons, the fermentation o succars in beer an winemakin an bi respiration o aw livin organisms. It is exhaled in the breath o humans an land ainimals. It is emitted frae volcanoes, het springs, geysers an ither places whaur the yird's crust is thin an is freed frae carbonate rocks bi dissolution. CO2 is an aa foond in lochs, at depth unner the sea an commingled wi ile an gas deposits.[4]
The environmental effects o carbon dioxide are o signeeficant interest. Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, absorbin heat radiation frae Yird's surface which itherwise would hae left the atmosphere. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the primary soorce o carbon in life on Yird an its concentration in Yird's pre-industrial atmosphere syne late in the Precambrian eon wis regulatit bi photosynthetic organisms. Burnin o carbon-based fuels syne the industrial revolution haes rapidly increased concentrations o atmospheric carbon dioxide, increasin the rate o global wairmin an causin anthropogenic climate chynge. It is an aa a major soorce o ocean acidification syne it dissolves in watter tae furm carbonic acid,[5] which is a weak acid as its ionization in watter is incomplete.
- CO
2 + H
2O Template:Eqm H
2CO
3
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Trends in Carbon Dioxide Values given are dry air mole fractions expressed in parts per million (ppm). For an ideal gas mixture this is equivalent to parts per million by volume (ppmv).
- ↑ Donald G. Kaufman; Cecilia M. Franz (1996). Biosphere 2000: protecting our global environment. Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-7872-0460-0. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ↑ Food Factories. www.legacyproject.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-10.
- ↑ "General Properties and Uses of Carbon Dioxide, Good Plant Design and Operation for Onshore Carbon Capture Installations and Onshore Pipelines". Energy Institute. Retrieved 2012-03-14.
- ↑ National Research Council. "Summary." Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010. 1. Print.
Freemit airtins[eedit | eedit soorce]
- Internaitional Chemical Safety Caird 0021
- CID 280 frae PubChem
- CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide tae Chemical Hazards – Carbon Dioxide
- CO2 Carbon Dioxide Properties, Uises, Applications
- Dry Ice information
- Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (NOAA)
- "A War Gas That Saves Lives." Popular Science, Juin 1942, pp. 53–57.
- NASA's Orbitin Carbon Observatory
- The on-line catalogue of CO2 naitural emissions in Italy
- Reactions, Thermochemistry, Uises, an Function o Carbon Dioxide
- Carbon Dioxide – Pairt Ane an Carbon Dioxide – Pairt Twa at The Periodic Table o Videos (Varsity o Nottingham)
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Airticles wi chynged EBI identifierchynged
- Chemical articles with unknown parameter in Chembox
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxocarbons
- Acid anhydrides
- Acidic oxides
- Greenhoose gases
- Propellants
- Hoosehauld chemicals
- Inorganic solvents
- Refrigerants
- Fire suppression agents
- Cuilants
- Nuclear reactor cuilants
- Laser gain media
