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Title:
Ubiquity of Biological Ice Nucleators in Snowfall
Authors:
Christner, Brent C.; Morris, Cindy E.; Foreman, Christine M.; Cai, Rongman; Sands, David C.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.), AB(L'Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Pathologie Végétale UR407, F-84140 Montfavet, France), AC(Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.), AD(Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.), AE(Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.)
Publication:
Science, Volume 319, Issue 5867, pp. 1214- (2008). (Sci Homepage)
Publication Date:
02/2008
Category:
ATMOS
Origin:
SCIENCE
DOI:
10.1126/science.1149757
Bibliographic Code:
2008Sci...319.1214C

Abstract

Despite the integral role of ice nucleators (IN) in atmospheric processes leading to precipitation, their sources and distributions have not been well established. We examined IN in snowfall from mid- and high-latitude locations and found that the most active were biological in origin. Of the IN larger than 0.2 micrometer that were active at temperatures warmer than 7°C, 69 to 100% were biological, and a substantial fraction were bacteria. Our results indicate that the biosphere is a source of highly active IN and suggest that these biological particles may affect the precipitation cycle and/or their own precipitation during atmospheric transport.
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