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API:Data formats
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This page is part of the MediaWiki action API documentation. |
MediaWiki action API
- Introduction and quick start
- FAQ
- Tutorial
- Formats
- Error reporting
- Restricting usage
- Cross-site requests
- Authentication
- Queries
- Searching (by title, content, coordinates...)
- Parsing wikitext and expanding templates
- Purging pages' caches
- Parameter information
- Changing wiki content
- Watchlist feed
- Wikidata
- Extensions
- Using the API in MediaWiki and extensions
- Miscellaneous
- Implementation
- Client code
- Asserting
Contents
Input[edit | edit source]
The API takes its input through parameters provided by the query string or from a POST entity in application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data format. Every module (and every action=query submodule) has its own set of parameters, which is listed in the documentation and in action=help, and can be retrieved through action=paraminfo.
Multivalue parameters[edit | edit source]
Some parameters take multiple values, separated by a pipe character (|). Whether a parameter accepts multiple values is listed explicitly in action=paraminfo and action=help. The documentation does not distinguish multivalue parameters explicitly, but the descriptions for these parameters are usually along the lines of "A list of ..." or "A pipe-separated list of ...".
Boolean values[edit | edit source]
Boolean parameters work like HTML checkboxes: if the parameter is specified in the HTTP request, regardless of value, it is considered true. For a false value, omit the parameter entirely. The best way to specify a true parameter in an HTTP request is to use someParam=; the trailing = ensures the browser or HTTP library does not discard the "empty" someParam.
Timestamps[edit | edit source]
Parameters that take timestamp values accept multiple timestamp formats:
- ISO 8601 format:
2008-08-23T18:05:46Z - MediaWiki's internal timestamp format:
20080823180546 - MySQL's internal timestamp format:
2008-08-23 18:05:46 - UNIX timestamp format
1219514746(number of seconds since January 1, 1970)
In the output, timestamps are always in ISO 8601 format.
Output[edit | edit source]
MediaWiki API has historically supported a number of different formats, but this has significantly complicated further development. We would like to standardize on just one JSON format. For now, MediaWiki discourages, but still supports two additional generic output formats (XML and PHP). You should always specify the format with the input (request) parameter format and a lowercase value. Feed modules like Feed Recent Chages override the standard output format, instead using RSS or Atom, as specified by their feedformat parameter. In those cases, the format specified in the format parameter is only used if there's an error. All formats other than JSON are deprecated. XML and PHP are still supported, but all others have been removed in either MediaWiki 1.26 or 1.27; see the table below. All new API users should use JSON. Clients written in PHP should avoid using the PHP format because it is fundamentally insecure. It is maintained for now only due to its popularity.
Unless specified, all modules allow data output in all generic formats. To simplify debugging, all generic formats have "pretty-print in HTML" alternatives with an fm suffix.
The default format changed in MediaWiki 1.25 to jsonfm; it was xmlfm in earlier MediaWiki releases.
Note that while the pretty-print formats are all indented and separate syntactic elements with newlines, the non-pretty formats don't do this.
| Format | Description |
|---|---|
| json | JSON format (always use this one) |
| none | Always return a blank response |
| Deprecated, but still operational | |
| php | serialized PHP format |
| xml | XML format |
| Formats removed in MediaWiki 1.26 | |
| wddx | WDDX format |
| dump | PHP var_dump() format |
| Formats removed in MediaWiki 1.27 | |
| txt | PHP print_r() format |
| dbg | PHP var_export() format |
| yaml | YAML format |
There are many conversion libraries and online converters to convert JSON responses to other formats—for example, JSON-CSV converts to Comma-Separated Values
JSON parameters[edit | edit source]
format=json and jsonfm accept the following additional parameters:
callback: If specified, wraps the output into a given function call. For safety, all user-specific data will be restricted.utf8: If specified, encodes most (but not all) non-ASCII characters as UTF-8 instead of replacing them with hexadecimal escape sequences.formatversionSpecifyformatversion=2for to get json (and php) format responses in a cleaner format. This also encodes most non-ASCII characters as UTF-8. MW 1.25+
Callback restrictions[edit | edit source]
When using JSON in callback mode, a number of things are disabled for security:
- Tokens cannot be obtained (so state-changing actions aren't possible)
- The client is treated as an anonymous user (i.e. not logged in) for all purposes, even after logging in through action=login
- This means that things that require additional rights, such as
rcprop=patrolled, won't work unless anonymous users are allowed to use them
- This means that things that require additional rights, such as
Examples[edit | edit source]
JSON
| Result |
|---|
{
"query": {
"pages": {
"736": {
"pageid": 736,
"ns": 0,
"title": "Albert Einstein",
"touched": "2007-07-06T04:37:30Z",
"lastrevid": 142335140,
"counter": 4698,
"length": 86906
}
}
}
}
|
it may be useful to add the '&indexpageids' parameter, to parse the json if the pageid ("736") is not known before the result.
JSON utf8 content on a French page, remove the utf8= parameter to see the difference
XML
| Result |
|---|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<api>
<query>
<pages>
<page pageid="736" ns="0" title="Albert Einstein" touched="2007-07-06T04:37:30Z" lastrevid="142335140" counter="4698" length="86906" />
</pages>
</query>
</api>
|
PHP (serialized format, with line breaks added for readability. Use PHP's unserialize() function to recover data.)
| Result |
|---|
a:1:{s:5:"query";a:1:{s:5:"pages";a:1:{i:736;a:7:{s:6:"pageid";i:736;s:2:"ns";i:0;s:5:"title";s:15:"Albert Einstein";
s:7:"touched";s:20:"2007-07-06T04:37:30Z";s:9:"lastrevid";i:142335140;s:7:"counter";i:4698;s:6:"length";i:86906;}}}}
|
PHP (var_export format)
| Result |
|---|
array (
'query' =>
array (
'pages' =>
array (
736 =>
array (
'pageid' => 736,
'ns' => 0,
'title' => 'Albert Einstein',
'touched' => '2008-10-11T20:27:04Z',
'lastrevid' => 244636163,
'counter' => 4698,
'length' => 89641,
),
),
),
)
|
