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Special Supplements

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Remember that amazing sunset you watched when on holiday last summer? How about the pride you felt when witnessing your son or daughter perform a recital in front of an admiring crowd for the first time. And have you ever considered how difficult it would be to cook, to work, to function independently without your sight?
 
Being able to see is something that is far too often taken for granted, despite it being vital to our wellbeing and ability to live a fulfilled and rewarding life.
 
In this supplement, New Statesman explores both the need for measures to ensure our nation’s eye health remains a priority and the impact of policies and support mechanisms currently in place. We do so in partnership with UK Vision Strategy, a programme of activity developed in response to the World Health Assembly VISION 2020 resolution and which aims to improve support and services for blind and partially sighted people.

10 June 2013

 

Lack of safe water and sanitation, limited medical supplies, uncertain access to facilities and services. These are just a few of the health and social care challenges that Palestinians living in the occupied territories face every day – challenges that threaten their lives, liberty and security.
 
To explore ways in which this crisis can be addressed, the New Statesman, with the support of the charity Medical Aid for Palestinians, held a round-table discussion with leading commentators. The conversation was informed, considered and animated as our participants debated the critical questions facing Palestinians.
 
For instance, what are the main obstacles to health and medical care in Palestine and how can these best be tackled? Until a solution to these difficulties can be found, how can Palestine meet its health and medical needs? What steps can be taken to help unify the health-care system in Gaza and the West Bank? What impact does aid dependency have on Palestine’s ability to become a sustainable state? What role can the international
community play to ensure that the region becomes sustainable? What impact has the UN bid had in situ? Have the Israeli elections, which took place in January, affected the situation on the ground?
 
There were no easy answers. With the Palestinian health and social care system unequivocally linked to the political situation, it was felt that long-lasting improvements could be made only if Israel and Palestine can resolve their conflict. Whether this presents itself as a one- or a two-state solution was the focus of much of our guests’ discussion, as was the role of the various actors on the world stage.

03 June 2013

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We’ve all seen the headlines that portray those on benefit as scroungers; we’ve most likely all heard ministers question the fairness for hardworking people having to foot the bill for the unemployed who “sleep off a life on benefit”; and most of us will know someone who believes that poverty is the fault of the individual – or who will argue that poverty doesn’t even exist in this country.

How accurate are such perceptions? Are the views presented based on fact, or is it the case that evidence and statistics have been misused, misrepresented and manipulated to create propaganda for a war on welfare? And what effect do these attitudes have on those who are living below the poverty line?
 
Research has shown that myths and misunderstandings fuel stereotypes that negatively impact those living in poverty in the UK. This supplement, produced in partnership with the Webb Memorial Trust, aims to bust those myths – once and for all.

25 March 2013

 

 

 

We all know how frustrating it is when our email goes down, when we can’t get a phone signal, when a website won’t act in the way we want it to. But imagine how much worse it would be if those IT difficulties meant power outages, failures in the food supply chain, the cancellation of life-saving operations…

As our writers highlight, modern life is dependent on highly complex infrastructures – infrastructures that can only function effectively thanks to that global network of interdependent IT systems and telecomms networks otherwise known as cyberspace.
 
As our reliance on cyberspace has grown so too have the number of people wanting to exploit this dependency. Cyber crime is now considered one of the top four threats to national security; it costs our economy billions of pounds a year; and has a hugely damaging effect on consumer and business confidence.
 
This is not something that can be tackled by individual organisations, nor by one country alone. This is a major challenge that requires cross-border collaboration between industry, governments and academia – a global partnership for a global challenge.

25 February 2013

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Like other developed countries, the UK is facing rising demand and costs in health services. More people live longer, but more people are living with long-term conditions that affect their health (estimates say more than 15 million). The government's Health and Social Care Bill requires the NHS to make efficiency savings of 4 per cent per year – the equivalent of £20bn of savings by 2015.
 
With such a significant reduction in NHS funding, how can we maintain the current level of services?
 
A report by Sir Derek Wanless indicates that the two key variables which could affect the levels of funding required are the extent to which the NHS is able to achieve greater levels of productivity, and how far the general public becomes engaged with its own health, contributing to preventing disease rather than just treating it. Participants at our round table event explored how the NHS can maintain the standards of care it aspires to, while
responding to the efficiency savings which have been imposed.

14 January 2013

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It is two years since changes to university tuition fees prompted thousands of students to take to the streets in protest. While the noise has quietened down, the impact of the hike in fees is still being felt – not least in that it has contributed to the increasing politicisation of a generation of teenagers, according to the Political Studies Association (p10). It believes this is one of the influences driving year-on-year increases in the number
of applications to study politics.

But as the other articles within this guide show, it is not simply interest in politics that is encouraging people to enrol on these courses. A degree in politics will stand graduates in good stead for rewarding and challenging careers in a variety of sectors and industries, not just within Westminster – as our contributors demonstrate (p4-9).

Finally, for those readers who have been suitably inspired to apply to university, either after their A-levels or as a mature student, our listings guide will help individuals find the right course for them.

17 December 2012

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The success or failure of vaccination programmes is about much more than simply science. Even when science can provide an effective vaccine with almost no side effects, to achieve “herd” or community immunity requires high vaccination rates. Only when enough people are vaccinated can we prevent a disease from taking hold in a community and provide immunity for those who are most vulnerable or who are not able to be vaccinated.

The UK is considered to be one of the leading countries in the world for vaccine policy and implementation and this supplement looks at the main issues that could risk destabilising the progress and development. On page 4, Shazia Sheikh looks at the varying success rates for the different approaches around Europe to meningitis C immunisation and identifies what the UK is doing right. On page 6, our round table participants consider the challenges ahead, in the context of the Health and Social Care Act; looking at issues around education and the way information is given to the public, and the perception of vaccine side effects, which is borne out of peoples’ trust and confidence in healthcare professionals. The discussion also
looks at the importance of partnerships between biotechnology companies, academia, pharmaceutical companies, governments and charities to stay ahead of the curve in vaccine policy.

On page 12, Liam Donaldson looks at the role of the UK in global public health. Child health specialists Dr David Elliman and Dr Helen Bedford look at public confidence in vaccines on page 13. Finally, on page 14, Linda Glennie warns us not to become too complacent or take the success achieved by
vaccines for granted.

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Starting and growing a business can be fraught with difficulties, not least when trying to generate the funds needed to keep it afloat. Equally challenging, for policymakers and financial institutions at least, is how to develop the policies, products and services that will support the UK’s entrepreneurs.

For some, the answer lies in equity finance. However, the combination of high levels of risk, information irregularities, steep due diligence and high compliance costs can make it difficult for smaller companies to access this type of funding. Others believe innovative funding mechanisms, such as peer-to-peer finance and crowd-funding, hold thekey. Relatively new to the market, these rely on the generosity of individuals or the collective cooperation of a group of people to get a project or company off the ground. Meanwhile, venture capital, angel investors and supply chain finance also have their own individual roles to play.

To assess how to address the challenge of access to finance, New Statesman, in partnership with ACCA, hosted a series of party conference fringe events. However, as the discussions were to illustrate, there is no one-size-fits-all solution.

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John Maynard Keynes once said that the importance of money flows from it being a link between the present and the future. Nowhere is this observation more relevant than when thinking about pensions. And yet, despite the need to plan for their future financial security and wellbeing, British people are woefully unprepared. Gone are the days where saving is the norm. Today, around 11 million people are failing to save enough to achieve a pension income they are likely to want or expect in retirement.

In part, this shift in attitude has been the result of low unemployment, falling interest rates and the influx of cheap credit in the 1990s. But other
factors are also at play: higher education fees, a chaotic jobs market and the rising cost of housing have influenced perceptions of the affordability
of saving, while the economic crisis, mis-selling of products and fixing of interest rates have impacted upon trust and confidence in private finance
products.

To assess how to address the pensions challenge, New Statesman, in partnership with Aviva, hosted a series of party conference fringe events.
However, as the panellists were to discover, there was no easy answer.

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On the one hand, union leaders have not got an easy life at present. Laws aimed at making it more difficult for workers to strike, draconian austerity measures and stagnant membership levels all have the potential to knock the confidence of the movement, its leaders and their members.

On the other, it is these very difficulties that provide the trade unions with the chance to prove their mettle – as John Hannett, general secretary of USDAW points out in our Q&A on p13: “People need a trade union now more than ever”.

What the future holds for the organised labour force is the focus of this year’s guide. Within it we explore the challenges and opportunities facing trade unions, the role they have to play in rebuilding the economy and the lessons that can be learned from some seemingly unlikely places.

10 September 2012

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For more than a century, politicians have grappled with the issue of House of Lords reform. Last month, a bill was presented to parliament that aims to resolve the issue once and for all.

At its heart is the requirement that 80 per cent of House of Lords members are to be elected by the British public for a non-renewable 15-year term. Gone will be the life peers, and in their place a system that enables members to resign, to be expelled and to be suspended. No longer will members be able to claim £300 a day simply for turning up; instead pay will be related to their level of input into parliamentary business.

Opponents to the bill claim there is no public appetite for it; that it is a waste of parliamentary time; that an elected Lords would challenge the authority of the House of Commons. Yet these voices have failed to acknowledge one crucial factor – that an unelected second chamber has no place in a country that prides itself on its democratic principles.

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Plans to “restore rigour in the key primary subjects” were set out by Education Secretary Michael Gove recently in his new draft overhaul of the Primary National Curriculum.

The plans propose a back-to-basics curriculum, focusing on times-tables, spelling and grammar. Pupils will be expected to have learned their times-tables up to 12 by the age of nine, to multiply and divide fractions by the age of 11 and to start learning and reciting poetry from five years old. The coalition Government has made much of giving schools more autonomy in how and what they teach. Some have welcomed the renewed focus on the traditional “three Rs” as good preparation for secondary school. However, some union leaders fear that this heavily prescribed curriculum will leave little room for teachers to adapt learning to their individual pupils’ needs and to make lessons exciting for them.

This supplement looks at how far a very traditional approach can be reconciled with what we now know about the benefits of a creative education, which promotes the ability to question, make connections, innovate, problem-solve, communicate, collaborate and to reflect critically. Can we have both rigour and creativity? Can we avoid throwing the baby out with the bathwater?.

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Food Security

The world has a serious problem on its hands – that of how to feed its rapidly growing population. As Save the Children point out in the article on page 15, there are plenty of children who are already suffering as a result of a lack of access to nutritional food stuffs.

What is the solution? In this New Statesman supplement, supported by the Crop Protection Association, we explore the contribution science and engineering have made to food production and security, and the opportunities they present for the future.

We also discuss some of the policy changes that are needed to ensure no one goes hungry.

State of play

Given that gambling is one of the earliest forms of entertainment in human history, it is safe to assume it is here to stay. Its roots can be traced to religious rituals in primitive pre-historic societies. From these rituals, gambling grew into a separate activity used to make decisions about who would get a bigger piece of prey or a woman. Eventually pure gambling for material gain evolved.

The Victorians found gambling deeply immoral and irreligious. In 1906 the Street Betting Act was passed,making street betting illegal. The only legal betting was that done at the race track. This suddenly put legal gambling as a leisure pursuit out of reach for a generation of working men who had neither the time nor the money to attend the races.

As the 20th century progressed, the government moulded legislation to limit and control gambling opportunitieswhile drawing revenue from them. Todaygambling is global, yet the tension between regulators and the owners of gambling businesses still exists. With jobs and businesses at stake, now more than ever before the industry is fighting for what it regards as a fair deal from government



Personalising medicine

Personalising medicine

Doctors have always tried to make as accurate a diagnosis as possible for every patient, taking into account their family history, their age and so on. In the past, when prescribing a drug or treatment, they have also taken into account any other illnesses the patient might have, and any likely side effects.

But, recently, this “personalisation” of medicine has changed gear. Advances in technology now mean that doctors are increasingly able to make a more complex and deeper diagnosis and prescribe different drugs, because they can get detailed information about each patient’s individual genetic make up. They also have a better understanding of molecular factors of diseases.

The old ways of working need to change if we are to be able to share the benefits of these advances equally. New drugs are being carefully regulated but what about new methods of diagnosis? Should our existing drugs and diagnostics not be subjected to the same new rigour? These are just some of the questions that are considered by experts in the field who share their experiences in this supplement.



Cash isas

Cash Isas

Back in the day, saving used to be common place with much of the population keeping behind a proportion of their wages for a rainy day. That was until the mid 1990s when a combination of low unemployment, falling interest rates and markets awash with credit provided more of an incentive to borrow than save. Building a nest egg, whether to pay for a deposit on a house or to see you through your retirement, suddenly wasn’t as popular. .

Today’s government is keen to reverse that trend –which is perhaps not surprising given we’re a nation saddled with debt and a massive pension problem. It is keen to turn us back into a population of savers, for whom setting income aside is second nature.

One financial product that could help set us on our way is the Individual Savings Account – or ISA as they are more commonly known. Tax-efficient and with a range of options available to meet a variety of needs, ISAs have potential both as a temporary and long-term savings vehicle. But they also have their short comings. To help shed a little light on the issue, New Statesman, in partnership with Governor, have produced this handy guide.



Poverty: the rising tide

Poverty: the rising tide

Is the government committed to tackling poverty in the UK? It’s an issue that has been the subject of much debate, with tough economic conditions, high unemployment and changes to the welfare state leaving many commentators fearing the worst for the poorer members of our society. .

But as this supplement highlights, the question should not be whether the government should tackle poverty, but how. Supported by the Webb Memorial Trust, New Statesman explores what has changed since 1909 when Beatrice and Sidney Webb conducted their seminal research into the causes of poverty and what, if anything, can we learn from the past? What role can the labour market play? And why are those most affected by poverty – children and young people – excluded from the debate?



Regulation

New Society: Regulation

The government attempts to prevent anti-competitive practices – operations that are against the public interest. Competition policy is one of the pillars of the internal market and competition law and regulation should protect competition by controlling the operation of firms that may have monopoly power in their own industry, as this may lead to consumers being exploited. Markets work best when there is a healthy rivalry between companies and they compete to serve active and informed customers who want and are able to reward good performers and withhold reward from those who don’t measure up. .

Law should make monopoly and oligopoly impossible, and should encourage new market entry, wider choice, lower prices and higher quality. Regulation is designed to deal with the problem of market failure – where markets fail to reach an optimal allocation of resources. However, as Phillip Blond points out, many interventions by regulators have had perverse consequences, including market concentration, with a shrinking number of competitors, further increasing the possibility of a monopolist or semi-monopolist control of the market. This means that the market becomes further and further removed from free and genuine competition.

How can we create the competition policy and regulation – with a proper accountability structure – that the UK needs for growth, innovation and the widening of ownership and prosperity? With UK communications regulation under the spotlight in 2012, there is a chance to review the entire media regulation framework.



Life Sciences

Life Sciences

The UK pharmaceutical industry is a major part of the life sciences sector. It employs over 72,000 people, invests considerably in research and development, and contributes £7bn a year to the economy. It also has access to a strong academic base that offers extensive expertise in translational medicine and database studies, while the NHS offers data and research opportunities unmatched anywhere else in the world thanks to its national database of patient records.

With so many benefits and opportunities, it would appear that little can hinder the UK’s position as a world leader in this field. However, globally the life sciences industry is changing. The financial crisis has hindered funding opportunities – just as it has in other sectors, and investments and workforces are being consolidated. At the same time, the market place is becoming increasingly competitive.

What impact is this likely to have on the UK pharmaceutical and life sciences sectors? What is needed to ensure a position of leadership and that they remain attractive to investors, companies and academia? To address all these questions and more, New Statesman, in partnership with Pfizer, has brought some of the leading voices together.



Public Services

New Society: Public Services

After much delay and anticipation, the government’s Open Public Services white paper, published in July 2011, sets out how it intends to improve and modernise our public services. By “putting choice and control in the hands of individuals and neighbourhoods”, it believes it can make public services more responsive to people’s needs. It is applying five key principles: increased choice; decentralising power to the “lowest appropriate level”; diversity – public services should be open to a range of providers; fair access to services; accountability – our public services should be accountable to service users and taxpayers. .

It all sounds like something we might be able to sign up to. However, choice requires that people are informed in a way that they understand and can use to bring about positive benefits for themselves. Choice needs to be genuine rather than simply a variety of providers offering the same services. And if we are having diversity, will all choices be available to all people in all areas? Will people be able to buy in services from their neighbouring local authority if what they want isn’t offered in their area?

Charities will be given more opportunities to bid for government money. Trustees and charity managers will have to make some careful decisions. However, are charities ready to deliver the types of public services that government wants and the public needs? While many are already having success, others will not have the skills, experience or capital to do the job at the scale that is being asked of them.



National Health

National Health

The Health and Social Care Bill 2011 will bring on something of a revolution in the NHS – the biggest change since it was established in 1948 – and these developments will all take place in a landscape of enormous financial challenge. The NHS needs to deliver unprecedented productivity gains over the next few years. Many of the changes, such as enhancing the role of local authorities in the health system, giving health-care providers greater autonomy, and radically reforming commissioning to further involve GPs, have the potential to improve care for patients and to enhance the performance of the NHS. .

However, the Bill will also introduce a step change in implementing market-based principles in the health system, with the aim of improving diversity of supply, promoting competition, and increasing choice for patients. While the NHS needs to change, if the scale of change is too big, and the speed too fast, its performance during the transition could be affected unfavourably, disadvantaging patients instead of improving their care and their life chances.

Contributors to this supplement consider how increasing competition in the NHS will affect us. We look at the relationship between citizens and the state and whether the original NHS values can be refounded within this new, broader agenda. How much choice will we actially have and how much influence over our health care? What if, collectively, we make poor choices? Services that are competing against each other will also be required to work together and integrate. How will that work and who will advise us and regulate all of this?



Smart Energy

Smart Energy

Modern society is facing a dilemma. Demand for energy is increasing but traditional generation resources are diminishing. A rising number of homes and businesses are producing their own solar and wind power, while decentralised energy storage technologies need to be integrated. And on top of all of this, greenhouse gas emissions need to be dramatically reduced over the next few decades.

How to address these challenges is something many energy, IT and government experts have been investing considerable time and, yes, energy in, and some of the new technologies and business models that are emerging as a result are discussed within these pages.

However, a successful transformation of our energy sector is dependent on all parties working together: the private sector, government and significantly the public. It is the responsibility of us all to ensure a more sustainable future for people and planet.



New Society: Cities and regions

New Society: Cities and regions

The rapacious appetite of the global economy is leading to cities becoming more spatially fragmented, socially divisive and environmentally destructive. Cities and their regions continue to produce, consume and pollute more than ever before, attracting more people to urban jobs and opportunities. A key feature of this globalised world is increased competition between cities for investment and talent. Sometimes this leads to unrealistic aspirations which don’t match their underlying economic performance or potential. While producing goods and services for national and international markets, cities should increase incomes, improve quality of life and provide sustainable development for their citizens.

City leaders have an opportunity to make a difference here, building on the spatial and social capital of their cities, rather than importing generic models that cater to the homogeneity of globalisation.

London is one of the major centres of the world economy and it may seem somewhat unassailable. However, it needs to attend to some deep-seated challenges if its advantage is to be preserved. Businesses and talented people must continue to want to live and work in London and all our big cities need every bit of help they can get. The perception that a city or region is a good place to do business cannot be abstract or a matter of good public relations; good reputations are earned and based in reality. Directly elected mayors, given powers over planning, development and transport, may offer advantages in helping cities outside London to boost growth and create jobs.



Political Studies Guide 2012

Political Studies Guide 2012

The near collapse of the euro, massive public spending cuts, protests, strikes, the scandals involving the media. Studying politics now is probably more exciting than ever.

As the world changes at rapid pace, people need to be able to understand and analyse developments. Which politicians and policies have the most impact on our lives? What are the strengths and limitations of democracy? How are rules and regulations determined? Whether readers want a policy role within the civil service, to campaign for change through a position at an NGO or have aspirations to be prime minister, a political studies course can set them on the right path.

This guide aims to point students in the right direction. It starts by setting the scene in British politics today, followed by insights into the way the system works and what a career in politics might entail. Finally, we offer a comprehensive listings guide to help prospective students find the right course for them.



The green tech revolution

The green tech revolution

The coalition government is committed to investing a significant amount of money in green technologies and jobs between now and 2015. However, it is important to realise that this alone cannot transform Britain into a low-carbon economy. Given that 95 per cent of companies in the UK are small enterprises, it is imperative to engage these organisations in the emerging green economy and foster entrepreneurialism. .

To address this issue, the New Statesman, in partnership with Shell and Demos, held a series of fringe events at the recent party conferences. The discussion, the highlights of which have been written up for the benefit of readers within these pages, focused on what the government can do to help and encourage small and medium-sized green enterprises and the extent to which big businesses have a responsibility to nurture them. There was agreement between many of our panellists that appropriate funding is key to success. Without it, there will be little chance for UK businesses to fine-tune their ideas or take an international leadership role.

This is an issue not only for the banks, which have proved risk averse when it comes to lending to green businesses, but also for government. The Green Investment Bank, for example, is a good idea in principle but fails to address the funding needs of the small businesses that will shape our future.



Clean Energy Investment

Clean Energy Investment

As the world heats up and the effects of climate change become increasingly clear, governments have been given little choice but to introduce policies to reduce carbon emissions. The clean energy sector is to play a key role in this, and as such there has been an increased interest in the companies and technologies that support this industry.

Providing access to clean energy also stimulates economic development in less developed nations, offering those who choose to invest in this area with the potential to achieve more than just financial returns. Yet despite this enthusiasm, clean energy funds have not always performed well. Shaken by fluctuations in the stock market, impacted upon by developments in China and the natural gas industry, and affected by changes in government policy and regulation – sometimes investors may wonder if just the slightest knock will send this sector tumbling.

Does this mean things can only get better? This financial guide does not pretend to have all the answers. It simply aims to make some sense of clean energy investments for the benefit of our readers. As without a crystal ball, investors are, as always, at the mercy of the markets.



Trade Union Guide 2012

Trade Union Guide 2012

As union members gather in central London for the 143rd annual Trades Union Congress on 12-14 September, there is much talk of strikes and resistance. The threat of industrial action remains the single biggest obstacle to the coalition’s cuts. Despite a steep decline in membership over the past 30 years, unions continue to enjoy unrivalled legitimacy.

In the following pages, we examine whether the trade unions are up to the challenge of taking on the government, and hear from the general-secretaries of seven of the biggest unions.

Can the leaders of Britain’s 7m-strong union movement build a grass-roots coalition, a broad church, that reaches out beyond trade union and Labour Party members to charities, community groups and public-service users? If so, the coalition may be forced to execute the biggest U-turn of them all.



The Future of Education

The Future of Education

The Education Bill currently making its way through parliament promises to create a system that delivers consistently better standards for all children, with a focus on accountability, discipline and the removal of bureaucracy. School inspectors will be instructed to concentrate on four areas: achievement, teaching, leadership and management, and behaviour and safety. In addition, the Secretary of State will be given powers to intervene in schools that are failing while “liberating” outstanding schools and colleges from routine inspection.

Notwithstanding the merit or otherwise of the changes the legislation will bring, the implications for head teachers expected to implement it are significant. In such a complex and demanding world, it is not easy to make the best choices.

Among the questions raised are: at what level should education standards be set? What is the best way to reach them? What are the benefits and challenges of collaboration with other schools? What impact will the growing number of academies have on the state system, particularly in a world of increased parental choice? The NS and the National Association of Head Teachers brought together a panel of experts to provide some of the answers.



Money matters

Money matters

Financial markets are full of fear and fluctuation at the moment. They have been shaken by successive events such as the Greek debt crisis, the US rating downgrade, civil unrest and uncertainty across North Africa and the Middle East, and escalating commodity prices.

All of these derive from beyond our shores and yet private investors in the UK have to decide how to protect their interests against this background. The challenge they face is to preserve their wealth while avoiding its erosion through adverse market movements, inflation, taxation and costs levied by financial services providers.

It is not easy to make the best choices on where to invest, yet to do nothing is to allow inflation to take its toll. This investment strategy supplement aims to offer readers ideas and principles that they can use to guide their thinking. There is no silver bullet, no one-shot solution that will overcome the forces at play. But at least some of the risks can be contained. And choices made now, while markets are in turmoil, may prove fruitful later when they are more stable.



Power to the people

Power to the people

The 2050 goal of reducing the UK’s carbon emissions by 80 per cent compared with 1990 levels is a high priority for the country. While some of us say we agree with these climate change goals, in reality, our behaviour is not compatible with them. For various reasons, we are resistant to nuclear power, to wind farms in our backyards, and to lifestyle changes.

However, if we don’t want to see our bills go up, the planet sustain further damage or energy supplies grow insecure, somehow we have to change. Current coalition policy is to let the market decide which pathway provides the best way forwards. But is it really the job of the market to keep the lights on in Britain? What would happen if it chose to sacrifice secure electricity supplies for lower costs? Government does not seem quite sure whether electricity is a commodity or a social service.

The market is in a state of flux; the way that it is financed needs to change. What if the result of this is that targets are not met and we end up with an inadvertent result? Will government hold its nerve or will it step in?/p>



Energy

Energy

The energy sector marketplace is an erratic and brutal one. Future energy prices are highly unpredictable, commodity shortages are likely, and no single technology can deliver all of our energy requirements. Our security, what we can afford and our commitment to reducing carbon emissions and tackling climate change require that we have a diverse mix of energy types. This means that those working in the energy marketplace have to make assumptions about future trends and outcomes.

Some types of energy are perceived as “good” (usually renewable energy, such as wind power, hydropower and solar power) and others as “bad” (usually coal, gas and nuclear energy). While there is no other option but to invest in renewable energy (and the sector is expanding), traditional sources of energy cannot be ignored.

The cost of fossil fuels is still comparatively low and the time when low-carbon options will reach parity is some way off. The question no one can answer is how can we offer the best option for the UK at the lowest price to the taxpayer, especially in such difficult economic times?/p>



Socialising in Modern Britain

Socialising in Modern Britain

It would be a shame to lose sight of what makes Britain’s social life so open, creative and appealing. These days there is so much emphasis on the way that digital technologies have entered our lives it is easy to imagine people no longer interact in “real life”. But the fact is that we have a rich tradition of socialising which has long been the cradle of our music, our art, and our communities.

Sometimes we’re in danger of focusing too much on the negative. And certainly there are negatives to worry about. Which is why it is so vital that regulators and politicians find a way to conserve our precious social heritage while keeping people safe and healthy. The UK’s music industry has led the world for decades now, but without small venues in which newborn talent can begin to flourish, it may falter.

Our society, with its mix of modernity and tradition, as well as its easy diversity, is much admired the world over; we need to better understand and treasure what makes it so rich, before it disappears altogether./p>



Immunisation

Immunisation

Vaccination and immunisation programmes over the past 60 years have transformed public health – and not just in the developed world. Modern, advanced research and increased understanding of the sub-cellular processes means that we are already able to foresee a wave of new vaccines that will help prevent complex diseases such as cancers as well as communicable infections.

However, with any health care issue, priorities, ethics and risks come to the fore. As science takes immunisation to a new level, will public caution and Treasury concerns combine to push new these developments aside?

This supplement aims to explore how immunisation fits with the priorities and architecture of the new NHS under the coalition government and how national public health issues, such as vaccination, will sit within an agenda that is based on choice and local devolution. Both challenges and the opportunities face health care professionals and those concerned about the future of public health and the role that vaccines could have in combating the perils of modern life.


 

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Latest Supplements

For more than a century, politicians have grappled with the issue of House of Lords reform. Last month, a bill was presented to parliament that aims to resolve the issue once and for all.

At its heart is the requirement that 80 per cent of House of Lords members are to be elected by the British public for a non-renewable 15-year term. Gone will be the life peers, and in their place a system that enables members to resign, to be expelled and to be suspended. No longer will members be able to claim £300 a day simply for turning up; instead pay will be related to their level of input into parliamentary business.

Opponents to the bill claim there is no public appetite for it; that it is a waste of parliamentary time; that an elected Lords would challenge the authority of the House of Commons. Yet these voices have failed to acknowledge one crucial factor – that an unelected second chamber has no place in a country that prides itself on its democratic principles.

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Plans to “restore rigour in the key primary subjects” were set out by Education Secretary Michael Gove recently in his new draft overhaul of the Primary National Curriculum.

The plans propose a back-to-basics curriculum, focusing on times-tables, spelling and grammar. Pupils will be expected to have learned their times-tables up to 12 by the age of nine, to multiply and divide fractions by the age of 11 and to start learning and reciting poetry from five years old. The coalition Government has made much of giving schools more autonomy in how and what they teach. Some have welcomed the renewed focus on the traditional “three Rs” as good preparation for secondary school. However, some union leaders fear that this heavily prescribed curriculum will leave little room for teachers to adapt learning to their individual pupils’ needs and to make lessons exciting for them.

This supplement looks at how far a very traditional approach can be reconciled with what we now know about the benefits of a creative education, which promotes the ability to question, make connections, innovate, problem-solve, communicate, collaborate and to reflect critically. Can we have both rigour and creativity? Can we avoid throwing the baby out with the bathwater?.

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Food Security

The world has a serious problem on its hands – that of how to feed its rapidly growing population. As Save the Children point out in the article on page 15, there are plenty of children who are already suffering as a result of a lack of access to nutritional food stuffs.

What is the solution? In this New Statesman supplement, supported by the Crop Protection Association, we explore the contribution science and engineering have made to food production and security, and the opportunities they present for the future.

We also discuss some of the policy changes that are needed to ensure no one goes hungry.

State of play

Given that gambling is one of the earliest forms of entertainment in human history, it is safe to assume it is here to stay. Its roots can be traced to religious rituals in primitive pre-historic societies. From these rituals, gambling grew into a separate activity used to make decisions about who would get a bigger piece of prey or a woman. Eventually pure gambling for material gain evolved.

The Victorians found gambling deeply immoral and irreligious. In 1906 the Street Betting Act was passed,making street betting illegal. The only legal betting was that done at the race track. This suddenly put legal gambling as a leisure pursuit out of reach for a generation of working men who had neither the time nor the money to attend the races.

As the 20th century progressed, the government moulded legislation to limit and control gambling opportunitieswhile drawing revenue from them. Todaygambling is global, yet the tension between regulators and the owners of gambling businesses still exists. With jobs and businesses at stake, now more than ever before the industry is fighting for what it regards as a fair deal from government



Personalising medicine

Personalising medicine

Doctors have always tried to make as accurate a diagnosis as possible for every patient, taking into account their family history, their age and so on. In the past, when prescribing a drug or treatment, they have also taken into account any other illnesses the patient might have, and any likely side effects.

But, recently, this “personalisation” of medicine has changed gear. Advances in technology now mean that doctors are increasingly able to make a more complex and deeper diagnosis and prescribe different drugs, because they can get detailed information about each patient’s individual genetic make up. They also have a better understanding of molecular factors of diseases.

The old ways of working need to change if we are to be able to share the benefits of these advances equally. New drugs are being carefully regulated but what about new methods of diagnosis? Should our existing drugs and diagnostics not be subjected to the same new rigour? These are just some of the questions that are considered by experts in the field who share their experiences in this supplement.



Cash isas

Cash Isas

Back in the day, saving used to be common place with much of the population keeping behind a proportion of their wages for a rainy day. That was until the mid 1990s when a combination of low unemployment, falling interest rates and markets awash with credit provided more of an incentive to borrow than save. Building a nest egg, whether to pay for a deposit on a house or to see you through your retirement, suddenly wasn’t as popular. .

Today’s government is keen to reverse that trend –which is perhaps not surprising given we’re a nation saddled with debt and a massive pension problem. It is keen to turn us back into a population of savers, for whom setting income aside is second nature.

One financial product that could help set us on our way is the Individual Savings Account – or ISA as they are more commonly known. Tax-efficient and with a range of options available to meet a variety of needs, ISAs have potential both as a temporary and long-term savings vehicle. But they also have their short comings. To help shed a little light on the issue, New Statesman, in partnership with Governor, have produced this handy guide.



Poverty: the rising tide

Poverty: the rising tide

Is the government committed to tackling poverty in the UK? It’s an issue that has been the subject of much debate, with tough economic conditions, high unemployment and changes to the welfare state leaving many commentators fearing the worst for the poorer members of our society. .

But as this supplement highlights, the question should not be whether the government should tackle poverty, but how. Supported by the Webb Memorial Trust, New Statesman explores what has changed since 1909 when Beatrice and Sidney Webb conducted their seminal research into the causes of poverty and what, if anything, can we learn from the past? What role can the labour market play? And why are those most affected by poverty – children and young people – excluded from the debate?



Regulation

New Society: Regulation

The government attempts to prevent anti-competitive practices – operations that are against the public interest. Competition policy is one of the pillars of the internal market and competition law and regulation should protect competition by controlling the operation of firms that may have monopoly power in their own industry, as this may lead to consumers being exploited. Markets work best when there is a healthy rivalry between companies and they compete to serve active and informed customers who want and are able to reward good performers and withhold reward from those who don’t measure up. .

Law should make monopoly and oligopoly impossible, and should encourage new market entry, wider choice, lower prices and higher quality. Regulation is designed to deal with the problem of market failure – where markets fail to reach an optimal allocation of resources. However, as Phillip Blond points out, many interventions by regulators have had perverse consequences, including market concentration, with a shrinking number of competitors, further increasing the possibility of a monopolist or semi-monopolist control of the market. This means that the market becomes further and further removed from free and genuine competition.

How can we create the competition policy and regulation – with a proper accountability structure – that the UK needs for growth, innovation and the widening of ownership and prosperity? With UK communications regulation under the spotlight in 2012, there is a chance to review the entire media regulation framework.



Life Sciences

Life Sciences

The UK pharmaceutical industry is a major part of the life sciences sector. It employs over 72,000 people, invests considerably in research and development, and contributes £7bn a year to the economy. It also has access to a strong academic base that offers extensive expertise in translational medicine and database studies, while the NHS offers data and research opportunities unmatched anywhere else in the world thanks to its national database of patient records.

With so many benefits and opportunities, it would appear that little can hinder the UK’s position as a world leader in this field. However, globally the life sciences industry is changing. The financial crisis has hindered funding opportunities – just as it has in other sectors, and investments and workforces are being consolidated. At the same time, the market place is becoming increasingly competitive.

What impact is this likely to have on the UK pharmaceutical and life sciences sectors? What is needed to ensure a position of leadership and that they remain attractive to investors, companies and academia? To address all these questions and more, New Statesman, in partnership with Pfizer, has brought some of the leading voices together.



Public Services

New Society: Public Services

After much delay and anticipation, the government’s Open Public Services white paper, published in July 2011, sets out how it intends to improve and modernise our public services. By “putting choice and control in the hands of individuals and neighbourhoods”, it believes it can make public services more responsive to people’s needs. It is applying five key principles: increased choice; decentralising power to the “lowest appropriate level”; diversity – public services should be open to a range of providers; fair access to services; accountability – our public services should be accountable to service users and taxpayers. .

It all sounds like something we might be able to sign up to. However, choice requires that people are informed in a way that they understand and can use to bring about positive benefits for themselves. Choice needs to be genuine rather than simply a variety of providers offering the same services. And if we are having diversity, will all choices be available to all people in all areas? Will people be able to buy in services from their neighbouring local authority if what they want isn’t offered in their area?

Charities will be given more opportunities to bid for government money. Trustees and charity managers will have to make some careful decisions. However, are charities ready to deliver the types of public services that government wants and the public needs? While many are already having success, others will not have the skills, experience or capital to do the job at the scale that is being asked of them.



National Health

National Health

The Health and Social Care Bill 2011 will bring on something of a revolution in the NHS – the biggest change since it was established in 1948 – and these developments will all take place in a landscape of enormous financial challenge. The NHS needs to deliver unprecedented productivity gains over the next few years. Many of the changes, such as enhancing the role of local authorities in the health system, giving health-care providers greater autonomy, and radically reforming commissioning to further involve GPs, have the potential to improve care for patients and to enhance the performance of the NHS. .

However, the Bill will also introduce a step change in implementing market-based principles in the health system, with the aim of improving diversity of supply, promoting competition, and increasing choice for patients. While the NHS needs to change, if the scale of change is too big, and the speed too fast, its performance during the transition could be affected unfavourably, disadvantaging patients instead of improving their care and their life chances.

Contributors to this supplement consider how increasing competition in the NHS will affect us. We look at the relationship between citizens and the state and whether the original NHS values can be refounded within this new, broader agenda. How much choice will we actially have and how much influence over our health care? What if, collectively, we make poor choices? Services that are competing against each other will also be required to work together and integrate. How will that work and who will advise us and regulate all of this?



Smart Energy

Smart Energy

Modern society is facing a dilemma. Demand for energy is increasing but traditional generation resources are diminishing. A rising number of homes and businesses are producing their own solar and wind power, while decentralised energy storage technologies need to be integrated. And on top of all of this, greenhouse gas emissions need to be dramatically reduced over the next few decades.

How to address these challenges is something many energy, IT and government experts have been investing considerable time and, yes, energy in, and some of the new technologies and business models that are emerging as a result are discussed within these pages.

However, a successful transformation of our energy sector is dependent on all parties working together: the private sector, government and significantly the public. It is the responsibility of us all to ensure a more sustainable future for people and planet.



New Society: Cities and regions

New Society: Cities and regions

The rapacious appetite of the global economy is leading to cities becoming more spatially fragmented, socially divisive and environmentally destructive. Cities and their regions continue to produce, consume and pollute more than ever before, attracting more people to urban jobs and opportunities. A key feature of this globalised world is increased competition between cities for investment and talent. Sometimes this leads to unrealistic aspirations which don’t match their underlying economic performance or potential. While producing goods and services for national and international markets, cities should increase incomes, improve quality of life and provide sustainable development for their citizens.

City leaders have an opportunity to make a difference here, building on the spatial and social capital of their cities, rather than importing generic models that cater to the homogeneity of globalisation.

London is one of the major centres of the world economy and it may seem somewhat unassailable. However, it needs to attend to some deep-seated challenges if its advantage is to be preserved. Businesses and talented people must continue to want to live and work in London and all our big cities need every bit of help they can get. The perception that a city or region is a good place to do business cannot be abstract or a matter of good public relations; good reputations are earned and based in reality. Directly elected mayors, given powers over planning, development and transport, may offer advantages in helping cities outside London to boost growth and create jobs.



Political Studies Guide 2012

Political Studies Guide 2012

The near collapse of the euro, massive public spending cuts, protests, strikes, the scandals involving the media. Studying politics now is probably more exciting than ever.

As the world changes at rapid pace, people need to be able to understand and analyse developments. Which politicians and policies have the most impact on our lives? What are the strengths and limitations of democracy? How are rules and regulations determined? Whether readers want a policy role within the civil service, to campaign for change through a position at an NGO or have aspirations to be prime minister, a political studies course can set them on the right path.

This guide aims to point students in the right direction. It starts by setting the scene in British politics today, followed by insights into the way the system works and what a career in politics might entail. Finally, we offer a comprehensive listings guide to help prospective students find the right course for them.



The green tech revolution

The green tech revolution

The coalition government is committed to investing a significant amount of money in green technologies and jobs between now and 2015. However, it is important to realise that this alone cannot transform Britain into a low-carbon economy. Given that 95 per cent of companies in the UK are small enterprises, it is imperative to engage these organisations in the emerging green economy and foster entrepreneurialism. .

To address this issue, the New Statesman, in partnership with Shell and Demos, held a series of fringe events at the recent party conferences. The discussion, the highlights of which have been written up for the benefit of readers within these pages, focused on what the government can do to help and encourage small and medium-sized green enterprises and the extent to which big businesses have a responsibility to nurture them. There was agreement between many of our panellists that appropriate funding is key to success. Without it, there will be little chance for UK businesses to fine-tune their ideas or take an international leadership role.

This is an issue not only for the banks, which have proved risk averse when it comes to lending to green businesses, but also for government. The Green Investment Bank, for example, is a good idea in principle but fails to address the funding needs of the small businesses that will shape our future.



Clean Energy Investment

Clean Energy Investment

As the world heats up and the effects of climate change become increasingly clear, governments have been given little choice but to introduce policies to reduce carbon emissions. The clean energy sector is to play a key role in this, and as such there has been an increased interest in the companies and technologies that support this industry.

Providing access to clean energy also stimulates economic development in less developed nations, offering those who choose to invest in this area with the potential to achieve more than just financial returns. Yet despite this enthusiasm, clean energy funds have not always performed well. Shaken by fluctuations in the stock market, impacted upon by developments in China and the natural gas industry, and affected by changes in government policy and regulation – sometimes investors may wonder if just the slightest knock will send this sector tumbling.

Does this mean things can only get better? This financial guide does not pretend to have all the answers. It simply aims to make some sense of clean energy investments for the benefit of our readers. As without a crystal ball, investors are, as always, at the mercy of the markets.



Trade Union Guide 2012

Trade Union Guide 2012

As union members gather in central London for the 143rd annual Trades Union Congress on 12-14 September, there is much talk of strikes and resistance. The threat of industrial action remains the single biggest obstacle to the coalition’s cuts. Despite a steep decline in membership over the past 30 years, unions continue to enjoy unrivalled legitimacy.

In the following pages, we examine whether the trade unions are up to the challenge of taking on the government, and hear from the general-secretaries of seven of the biggest unions.

Can the leaders of Britain’s 7m-strong union movement build a grass-roots coalition, a broad church, that reaches out beyond trade union and Labour Party members to charities, community groups and public-service users? If so, the coalition may be forced to execute the biggest U-turn of them all.



The Future of Education

The Future of Education

The Education Bill currently making its way through parliament promises to create a system that delivers consistently better standards for all children, with a focus on accountability, discipline and the removal of bureaucracy. School inspectors will be instructed to concentrate on four areas: achievement, teaching, leadership and management, and behaviour and safety. In addition, the Secretary of State will be given powers to intervene in schools that are failing while “liberating” outstanding schools and colleges from routine inspection.

Notwithstanding the merit or otherwise of the changes the legislation will bring, the implications for head teachers expected to implement it are significant. In such a complex and demanding world, it is not easy to make the best choices.

Among the questions raised are: at what level should education standards be set? What is the best way to reach them? What are the benefits and challenges of collaboration with other schools? What impact will the growing number of academies have on the state system, particularly in a world of increased parental choice? The NS and the National Association of Head Teachers brought together a panel of experts to provide some of the answers.



Money matters

Money matters

Financial markets are full of fear and fluctuation at the moment. They have been shaken by successive events such as the Greek debt crisis, the US rating downgrade, civil unrest and uncertainty across North Africa and the Middle East, and escalating commodity prices.

All of these derive from beyond our shores and yet private investors in the UK have to decide how to protect their interests against this background. The challenge they face is to preserve their wealth while avoiding its erosion through adverse market movements, inflation, taxation and costs levied by financial services providers.

It is not easy to make the best choices on where to invest, yet to do nothing is to allow inflation to take its toll. This investment strategy supplement aims to offer readers ideas and principles that they can use to guide their thinking. There is no silver bullet, no one-shot solution that will overcome the forces at play. But at least some of the risks can be contained. And choices made now, while markets are in turmoil, may prove fruitful later when they are more stable.



Power to the people

Power to the people

The 2050 goal of reducing the UK’s carbon emissions by 80 per cent compared with 1990 levels is a high priority for the country. While some of us say we agree with these climate change goals, in reality, our behaviour is not compatible with them. For various reasons, we are resistant to nuclear power, to wind farms in our backyards, and to lifestyle changes.

However, if we don’t want to see our bills go up, the planet sustain further damage or energy supplies grow insecure, somehow we have to change. Current coalition policy is to let the market decide which pathway provides the best way forwards. But is it really the job of the market to keep the lights on in Britain? What would happen if it chose to sacrifice secure electricity supplies for lower costs? Government does not seem quite sure whether electricity is a commodity or a social service.

The market is in a state of flux; the way that it is financed needs to change. What if the result of this is that targets are not met and we end up with an inadvertent result? Will government hold its nerve or will it step in?/p>



Energy

Energy

The energy sector marketplace is an erratic and brutal one. Future energy prices are highly unpredictable, commodity shortages are likely, and no single technology can deliver all of our energy requirements. Our security, what we can afford and our commitment to reducing carbon emissions and tackling climate change require that we have a diverse mix of energy types. This means that those working in the energy marketplace have to make assumptions about future trends and outcomes.

Some types of energy are perceived as “good” (usually renewable energy, such as wind power, hydropower and solar power) and others as “bad” (usually coal, gas and nuclear energy). While there is no other option but to invest in renewable energy (and the sector is expanding), traditional sources of energy cannot be ignored.

The cost of fossil fuels is still comparatively low and the time when low-carbon options will reach parity is some way off. The question no one can answer is how can we offer the best option for the UK at the lowest price to the taxpayer, especially in such difficult economic times?/p>



Socialising in Modern Britain

Socialising in Modern Britain

It would be a shame to lose sight of what makes Britain’s social life so open, creative and appealing. These days there is so much emphasis on the way that digital technologies have entered our lives it is easy to imagine people no longer interact in “real life”. But the fact is that we have a rich tradition of socialising which has long been the cradle of our music, our art, and our communities.

Sometimes we’re in danger of focusing too much on the negative. And certainly there are negatives to worry about. Which is why it is so vital that regulators and politicians find a way to conserve our precious social heritage while keeping people safe and healthy. The UK’s music industry has led the world for decades now, but without small venues in which newborn talent can begin to flourish, it may falter.

Our society, with its mix of modernity and tradition, as well as its easy diversity, is much admired the world over; we need to better understand and treasure what makes it so rich, before it disappears altogether./p>



Immunisation

Immunisation

Vaccination and immunisation programmes over the past 60 years have transformed public health – and not just in the developed world. Modern, advanced research and increased understanding of the sub-cellular processes means that we are already able to foresee a wave of new vaccines that will help prevent complex diseases such as cancers as well as communicable infections.

However, with any health care issue, priorities, ethics and risks come to the fore. As science takes immunisation to a new level, will public caution and Treasury concerns combine to push new these developments aside?

This supplement aims to explore how immunisation fits with the priorities and architecture of the new NHS under the coalition government and how national public health issues, such as vaccination, will sit within an agenda that is based on choice and local devolution. Both challenges and the opportunities face health care professionals and those concerned about the future of public health and the role that vaccines could have in combating the perils of modern life.


 

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