August 14

August 14 is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 139 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1183 – Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of the Second Year of Juei).
• 1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383–1385: Battle of Aljubarrota – Portuguese forces commanded by King John I and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira defeat the Castilian army of King John I.
• 1415 – Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Battle of Ceuta.
• 1592 – Imjin War: Battle of Hansan Island Admiral Yi Sun-sin decisively defeats the Japanese Navy at Hansan Island.
• 1598 – Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford – Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.
• 1816 – The United Kingdom formally annexed the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, ruling them from the Cape Colony in South Africa.
• 1842 – American Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida to Oklahoma.
• 1848 – Oregon Territory is organized by act of Congress.
• 1880 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, is completed.
• 1885 – Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.
• 1888 – An audio recording of English composer Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", one of the first recordings of music ever made, is played during a press conference introducing Thomas Edison's phonograph in London, England.
• 1893 – France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration.
• 1897 – Franco-Hova Wars: The town of Anosimena is captured by French troops from Menabe defenders in Madagascar.
• 1900 – The Eight-Nation Alliance occupies Beijing, China, in a campaign to end the bloody Boxer Rebellion in China.
• 1901 – The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.
• 1911 – United States Senate leaders agree to rotate the office of President pro tempore of the Senate among leading candidates to fill the vacancy left by William P. Frye's death.
• 1912 – U.S. Marines invade Nicaragua to support the U.S.-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya had resigned three years earlier.
• 1916 – Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary, joining the Entente in World War I
• 1921 – Tannu Uriankhai, later Tuvan People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Soviet Russia).
• 1933 – Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying 240,000 acres (970 km²).
• 1935 – Social Security Act, creating a government pension system for the retired.
• 1936 – Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last public execution in the United States.
• 1937 – Chinese Air Force Day: The beginning of air-to-air combat of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II in general, when 6 Imperial Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers are shot down by the Nationalist Chinese Air Force while raiding Chinese air bases.
• 1941 – World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims.
• 1945 – Japan accepts the Allied terms of surrender in World War II and the Emperor records the Imperial Rescript on Surrender (August 15 in Japan Standard Time).
• 1947 – Pakistan gains Independence from the British Empire and joins the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1959 – Founding and first official meeting of the American Football League.
• 1967 – UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal.
• 1969 – Operation Banner: British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland.
• 1971 – Bahrain declares independence as the State of Bahrain.
• 1972 – An East German Ilyushin Il-62 crashes during takeoff from East Berlin, killing 156.
• 1973 – The Pakistani Constitution of 1973 comes into effect.
• 1974 – The second Turkish invasion of Cyprus begins; 140,000 to 200,000 Greek Cypriots become refugees. 6,000 massacred, 1,619 missing.
• 1975 – The Rocky Horror Picture Show, the longest-running release in film history, opens at the USA Theatre in Westwood, Los Angeles, California.
• 1980 – Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at the Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.
• 1987 – All the children held at Kia Lama, a rural property on Lake Eildon, Australia, run by the Santiniketan Park Association, are released after a police raid.
• 1994 – Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, also known as "Carlos the Jackal," is captured.
• 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is murdered by Turkish forces while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.
• 2003 – Widescale power blackout in the northeast United States and Canada.
• 2005 – Helios Airways Flight 522 en route from Larnaca, Cyprus via Athens, Greece to Prague, Czech Republic crashes near Athens, with at least 121 on board. Observations from Greek fighter aircraft indicate a decompression problem.
• 2006 – Chencholai bombing in which 61 Tamil girls are killed in Sri Lankan Airforce bombing.
• 2007 – The 2007 Kahtaniya bombings kills at least 796 people.
• 2010 – The first-ever Youth Olympic Games are held in Singapore.

Births

• 1297 – Emperor Hanazono of Japan (d. 1348)
• 1473 – Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (d. 1541)
• 1479 – Catherine of York (d. 1527)
• 1575 – Robert Hayman, English-Canadian poet (d. 1629)
• 1586 – William Hutchinson, English-American judge (d. 1642)
• 1599 – Méric Casaubon, English scholar (d. 1671)
• 1625 – François de Harlay de Champvallon, French archbishop (d. 1695)
• 1642 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)
• 1653 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English soldier and politician (d. 1688)
• 1688 – Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
• 1714 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)
• 1727 – Louise Élisabeth of France (d. 1759)
• 1727 – Princess Henriette of France (d. 1752)
• 1738 – Leopold Hofmann, Austrian composer (d. 1793)
• 1740 – Pope Pius VII (d. 1823)
• 1758 – Carle Vernet, French painter (d. 1835)
• 1777 – Francis I of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830)
• 1777 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist (d. 1851)
• 1817 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (d. 1874)
• 1840 – Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German psychologist (d. 1902)
• 1847 – Robert Comtesse, Swiss politician (d. 1922)
• 1851 – Yannoulis Chalepas, Greek sculptor (d. 1938)
• 1851 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and dentist (d. 1887)
• 1857 – Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d. 1922)
• 1863 – Ernest Thayer, American poet (d. 1940)
• 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (d. 1952)
• 1866 – Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician (d. 1962)
• 1867 – Cupid Childs, American baseball player (d. 1912)
• 1867 – John Galsworthy, English novelist and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1933)
• 1871 – Guangxu Emperor of China (d. 1908)
• 1876 – Alexander I of Serbia (d. 1903)
• 1881 – Francis Ford, American actor (d. 1953)
• 1881 – Edward Siegler, American gymnast (d. 1942)
• 1882 – Gisela Richter, English archaeologist and historian (d. 1972)
• 1887 – Marija Leiko, Latvian actress (d. 1937)
• 1892 – Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English composer and pianist (d. 1988)
• 1893 – Francis Dvornik, Czech historian (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1973)
• 1896 – Theodor Luts, Estonian film director and cinematographer (d. 1980)
• 1901 – Alice Rivaz, Swiss writer (d. 1998)
• 1908 – Manos Katrakis, Greek actor (d. 1984)
• 1910 – Willy Ronis, French photographer (d. 2009)
• 1910 – Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1995)
• 1911 – Jan Koetsier, Dutch composer and conductor (d.2006)
• 1912 – Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist (d. 1985)
• 1913 – Paul Dean, American baseball player (d. 1981)
• 1915 – B. A. Santamaria, Australian journalist and activist (d. 1998)
• 1916 – Fumio Fujimura, Japanese baseball player (d. 1992)
• 1916 – Wellington Mara, American businessman (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Patriarch Diodoros of Jerusalem, Greek Patriarch (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Sverre Fehn, Norwegian architect, designed the Hedmark Museum (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Holger Juul Hansen, Danish actor
• 1924 – Georges Prêtre, French conductor
• 1924 – Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa, Tibetan spiritual leader (d. 1981)
• 1925 – Russell Baker, American writer
• 1926 – Alice Ghostley, American actress (d. 2007)
• 1926 – René Goscinny, French comic-strip author (d. 1977)
• 1926 – Buddy Greco, American singer and pianist
• 1926 – Lina Wertmüller, Italian writer and director
• 1929 – Gene Scott, American pastor and broadcaster (d. 2005)
• 1929 – Dick Tiger, Nigerian boxer (d. 1971)
• 1930 – Earl Weaver, American baseball manager (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Lee Hoffman, American author (d. 2007)
• 1933 – Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1935 – John Brodie, American football player
• 1936 – Trevor Bannister, English actor (d. 2011)
• 1940 – Galen Hall, American football player and coach
• 1941 – Lynne Cheney, American politician, founded American Council of Trustees and Alumni
• 1941 – David Crosby, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Byrds, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, and CPR)
• 1941 – Connie Smith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1942 – Lionel Morton, English singer, guitarist, and television host (The Four Pennies)
• 1942 – Jackie Oliver, English race car driver
• 1945 – Steve Martin, American actor, singer, writer, and producer
• 1945 – Wim Wenders, German director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1946 – Antonio Fargas, American actor
• 1946 – Larry Graham, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (Sly and the Family Stone and Graham Central Station)
• 1946 – Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish Racing driver, 1984 European Touring Car Champion (d. 2010)
• 1946 – Susan Saint James, American actress
• 1947 – Peter Christian, English actor
• 1947 – Bruce Nash, American television producer
• 1947 – Maddy Prior, English singer (Steeleye Span, Silly Sisters, and The Carnival Band)
• 1947 – Danielle Steel, American novelist
• 1947 – Jiro Taniguchi, Japanese illustrator
• 1947 – Joop van Daele, Dutch footballer
• 1948 – Terry Adams, American pianist and composer (NRBQ)
• 1949 – Bob Backlund, American wrestler
• 1949 – Morten Olsen, Danish footballer
• 1950 – Gary Larson, American cartoonist
• 1951 – Peter Blegvad, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and illustrator (Slapp Happy and The Lodge)
• 1951 – Slim Dunlap, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Replacements)
• 1951 – Norbert Hofmann, German footballer
• 1951 – Carl Lumbly, American actor
• 1952 – Debbie Meyer, American swimmer
• 1952 – Alex van Warmerdam, Dutch screenwriter, director, and actor
• 1953 – James Horner, American composer
• 1953 – Cliff Johnson, American game designer
• 1954 – Mark Fidrych, American baseball player (d. 2009)
• 1954 – Stanley A. McChrystal, American general
• 1956 – Jackée Harry, American actress
• 1956 – Andy King, English footballer
• 1956 – Johnny Lever, Indian actor
• 1956 – Rusty Wallace, American race car driver
• 1957 – Peter Costello, Australian politician
• 1957 – Gino Hernandez, American wrestler (d. 1986)
• 1958 – Bobby Eaton, American wrestler
• 1959 – Frank Brickowski, American basketball player
• 1959 – Marcia Gay Harden, American actress
• 1959 – Magic Johnson, American basketball player
• 1960 – Sarah Brightman, English soprano, songwriter, and actress
• 1960 – Sharon Bryant, American singer (Atlantic Starr)
• 1960 – Cecilia Gasdia, Italian soprano
• 1960 – Fred Roberts, American basketball player
• 1961 – Eddie Gilbert, American wrestler (d. 1995)
• 1961 – Susan Olsen, American actress
• 1962 – Mark Gubicza, American baseball player
• 1962 – Rameez Raja, Pakistani cricketer
• 1964 – Neal Anderson, American football player
• 1965 – Emmanuelle Béart, French actress
• 1965 – Brannon Braga, American screenwriter and producer
• 1965 – Mark Collins, English guitarist and songwriter (The Charlatans and The Waltones)
• 1966 – Halle Berry, American model and actress
• 1966 – Karl Petter Løken, Norwegian footballer
• 1967 – Erik Gandini, Italian-Swedish director
• 1967 – Dirk Rehbein, German footballer
• 1968 – Pravin Amre, Indian cricketer
• 1968 – Catherine Bell, American actress
• 1968 – Darren Clarke, Irish golfer
• 1968 – Adrian Lester, English actor, director, and writer
• 1968 – Billy Mavreas, Greek-Canadian cartoonist
• 1968 – Medy van der Laan, Dutch politician
• 1969 – Tracy Caldwell Dyson, American astronaut
• 1969 – DJ Uncle Al, American rapper and DJ (d. 2001)
• 1969 – Stig Tøfting, Danish footballer
• 1970 – Kevin Cadogan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Third Eye Blind)
• 1971 – Raoul Bova, Italian actor
• 1971 – Mark Loretta, American baseball player
• 1971 – Pramodya Wickramasinghe, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1972 – Yoo Jae-Seok, South Korean comedian and actor
• 1972 – Laurent Lamothe, Haitian businessman and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Haiti
• 1972 – Jay Manuel, Canadian make-up artist, photographer, and model
• 1972 – Tamer El Said, Egyptian director, producer and writer
• 1973 – Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer
• 1973 – Daisuke Ishiwatari, Japanese game developer and composer
• 1973 – Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian footballer
• 1973 – Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer
• 1974 – Chucky Atkins, American basketball player
• 1974 – Martin Bulloch, Scottish drummer (Mogwai)
• 1974 – Christopher Gorham, American actor
• 1974 – Ana Matronic, American singer-songwriter (Scissor Sisters)
• 1975 – Mike Vrabel, American football player
• 1976 – Alex Albrecht, American actor
• 1976 – Steve Braun, Canadian actor
• 1976 – Fabrizio Donato, Italian jumper
• 1976 – Maya Nasri, Lebanese actress and singer
• 1977 – Ed Harcourt, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1977 – Elisavet Mystakidou, Greek martial artist
• 1977 – Juan Pierre, American baseball player
• 1978 – Anastasios Kyriakos, Greek footballer
• 1978 – Greg Rawlinson, New Zealand rugby player
• 1978 – Kate Ritchie, Australian actress
• 1979 – Jérémie Bréchet, French footballer
• 1979 – Paul Burgess, Australian pole vaulter
• 1979 – Yōichirō Morikawa, Japanese director
• 1980 – Estrella Morente, Spanish singer
• 1980 – Roy Williams, American football player
• 1981 – Earl Barron, American basketball player
• 1981 – Matthew Etherington, English footballer
• 1981 – Julius Jones, American football player
• 1981 – Kofi Kingston, Ghanaian wrestler
• 1981 – Ray William Johnson, American comedian
• 1983 – Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian-Scottish tennis player
• 1983 – Mila Kunis, Ukrainian-American actress
• 1983 – Juan Oviedo, Dominican baseball player
• 1983 – Spencer Pratt, American television personality
• 1984 – Eva Birnerová, Czech tennis player
• 1984 – Clay Buchholz, American baseball player
• 1984 – Giorgio Chiellini, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Kunzang Choden, Bhutanese target shooter
• 1984 – Josh Gorges, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Nick Grimshaw, English television and radio host
• 1984 – Robin Söderling, Swedish tennis player
• 1984 – Nicolette van Dam, Dutch actress
• 1985 – Digão, Brazilian footballer
• 1985 – Christian Gentner, German footballer
• 1985 – Shea Weber, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1986 – Terin Humphrey, American gymnast
• 1986 – Cameron Jerome, English footballer
• 1987 – James Buckley, English actor
• 1987 – Cate Harrington, English porn actress
• 1987 – Sinem Kobal, Turkish actress
• 1987 – Tim Tebow, American football player
• 1988 – Shahd Barmada, Syrian singer
• 1989 – Florian Abel, German footballer
• 1989 – Kyle Turris, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1990 – Jaydee Bixby, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1993 – Cassi Thomson, Australian-American actress and singer
• 1999 – Garrett Ryan, American actor

Deaths

• 582 – Tiberius II Constantine, Byzantine Emperor (b. 535)
• 1040 – Duncan I of Scotland (b. 1001)
• 1167 – Rainald of Dassel, Italian archbishop (b. 1120)
• 1204 – Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese 2nd shogun of Kamakura Dynasty (b. 1182)
• 1390 – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364)
• 1430 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404)
• 1433 – John I of Portugal (b. 1357)
• 1464 – Pope Pius II (b. 1405)
• 1573 – Saitō Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548)
• 1691 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, Irish soldier (b. 1630)
• 1704 – Roland Laporte, French religious leader (b. 1675)
• 1727 – William Croft, English composer (b. 1678)
• 1774 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German physician (b. 1716)
• 1784 – Nathaniel Hone the Elder, Irish painter (b. 1718)
• 1856 – Constant Prévost, French geologist (b. 1787)
• 1860 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774)
• 1870 – David Farragut, American navy officer (b. 1801)
• 1874 – Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American politician (b. 1821)
• 1891 – Sarah Childress Polk, American wife of James K. Polk, 12th First Lady of the United States (b. 1803)
• 1905 – Simeon Solomon, English painter (b. 1840)
• 1909 – William Stanley, American inventor and engineer (b. 1829)
• 1926 – John H. Moffitt, American politician (b. 1843)
• 1928 – Klabund, German writer and poet (b. 1890)
• 1938 – Hugh Trumble, Australian cricketer (b. 1876)
• 1941 – Maximilian Kolbe, Polish martyr and saint (b. 1894)
• 1941 – Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)
• 1943 – Lore Berger, Swiss writer (b. 1921)
• 1943 – Joe Kelley, American baseball player (b. 1871)
• 1951 – William Randolph Hearst, American publisher and politician, founded the Hearst Corporation (b. 1863)
• 1954 – Hugo Eckener, German pilot and designer (b. 1868)
• 1954 – Nikos Ploumpidis, Greek activist (b. 1901)
• 1955 – Herbert Putnam, American lawyer, publisher, and librarian (b. 1861)
• 1956 – Bertolt Brecht, German writer (b. 1898)
• 1958 – Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
• 1958 – Konstantin von Neurath, German diplomat (b. 1873)
• 1964 – Johnny Burnette, American singer-songwriter (The Rock and Roll Trio) (b. 1934)
• 1965 – Vello Kaaristo, Estonian skier (b. 1911)
• 1966 – Tip Snooke, South African cricketer (b. 1881)
• 1967 – Bob Anderson, English race car driver (b. 1931)
• 1972 – Oscar Levant, American actor (b. 1906)
• 1972 – Jules Romains, French author (b. 1885)
• 1978 – Nicolas Bentley, English writer (b. 1907)
• 1980 – Dorothy Stratten, Canadian actress and model (b. 1960)
• 1981 – Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894)
• 1981 – Dudley Nourse, South African cricketer (b. 1910)
• 1982 – Patrick Magee, Irish actor (b. 1922)
• 1982 – Mahasi Sayadaw U Sobhana, Vipassana meditation master (b. 1904)
• 1984 – Spud Davis, American baseball player (b. 1904)
• 1984 – J. B. Priestley, English playwright (b. 1894)
• 1985 – Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)
• 1988 – Roy Buchanan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Snakestretchers) (b. 1939)
• 1988 – Robert Calvert, South African singer-songwriter and poet (Hawkwind) (b. 1945)
• 1988 – Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver and businessman, founded Ferrari (b. 1898)
• 1989 – Ricky Berry, American basketball player (b. 1964)
• 1991 – Alberto Crespo, Argentine race car driver (b. 1920)
• 1992 – John Sirica, American judge (b. 1904)
• 1992 – Tony Williams, American singer (The Platters) (b. 1928)
• 1994 – Elias Canetti, English-Austrian novelist (b. 1905)
• 1996 – Tom Mees, American sportscaster (b. 1949)
• 1996 – Solomos Solomou, Greek refugee (b. 1970)
• 1999 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player (b. 1918)
• 2000 – Alain Fournier, French-Canadian computer graphics researcher (b. 1943)
• 2000 – Cuan McCarthy, South African cricketer (b. 1929)
• 2001 – Earl Anthony, American bowler (b. 1938)
• 2002 – Dave Williams, American singer (Drowning Pool) (b. 1972)
• 2003 – Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929)
• 2004 – Czesław Miłosz, Polishn writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 2004 – Trevor Skeet, New Zealand-English politician (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Coo Coo Marlin, American race car driver (b. 1932)
• 2006 – Adriaan de Groot, Dutch chess player and psychologist (b. 1914)
• 2006 – Bruno Kirby, American actor (b. 1949)
• 2007 – Pinchas Goldstein, Israeli politician (b. 1939)
• 2007 – Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Kotozakura Masakatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 53rd Yokozuna (b. 1940)
• 2008 – Percy Irausquin, Aruban-Dutch fashion designer (b. 1969)
• 2010 – Rallis Kopsidis, Greek writer (b. 1929)
• 2010 – Herman Leonard, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2010 – Tahar Ouettar, Algerian novelist (b. 1936)
• 2011 – Shammi Kapoor, Indian actor and director (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Fritz Korbach, German footballer and manager (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Vilasrao Deshmukh, Indian politician (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Svetozar Gligorić, Serbian chess player (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Sergey Kapitsa, Russian physicist and demographer (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Zhou Kehua, Chinese criminal and murderer (b. 1970)
• 2012 – Marilyn Leavitt-Imblum, American designer (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Charles Maynard, Bahamian politician (b. 1970)
• 2012 – Ron Palillo, American actor (b. 1949)
• 2012 – Rosemary Rice, American actress and singer (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Phyllis Thaxter, American actress (b. 1919)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Maximilian Kolbe
  • August 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Independence Day, celebrates the day on which Pakistan was made an independent country based on border lines created by the British during the end of their rule of India in 1947. (Pakistan)
• Pramuka Day (Indonesia)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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