Liver X receptor beta

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2
PDB rendering based on 1p8d.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1P8D, 1PQ6, 1PQ9, 1PQC, 1UPV, 1UPW, 3KFC, 3L0E, 4DK7, 4DK8
Identifiers
Symbols	NR1H2; LXR-b; LXRB; NER; NER-I; RIP15; UNR
External IDs	OMIM: 600380 MGI: 1352463 HomoloGene: 21397 IUPHAR: NR1H2 ChEMBL: 4093 GeneCards: NR1H2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • steroid hormone receptor activity • ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity • protein binding • zinc ion binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • metal ion binding • retinoid X receptor binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm Biological process • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • gene expression • negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation • positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process • positive regulation of cholesterol efflux • negative regulation of cholesterol storage • positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process • negative regulation of lipid transport • positive regulation of cholesterol transport • cellular lipid metabolic process • positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of pinocytosis • positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity • negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7376	22260
Ensembl	ENSG00000131408	ENSMUSG00000060601
UniProt	P55055	Q60644
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001256647	NM_009473
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001243576	NP_033499
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 50.83 – 50.89 Mb	Chr 7: 44.55 – 44.55 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Liver X receptor beta (LXR-β) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. LXR-β is encoded by the NR1H2 gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2).

Function

The liver X receptors (LXRs) were originally identified as orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily because their ligands were unknown. Like other receptors in the family, LXRs heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor and bind to specific response elements (LXREs) characterized by direct repeats separated by 4 nucleotides. Two genes, alpha (LXRA) and beta, are known to encode LXR proteins.

Interactions

Liver X receptor beta has been shown to interact with NCOA6 and Retinoid X receptor alpha.

Further reading

• Seol W, Choi HS, Moore DD (1995). "Isolation of proteins that interact specifically with the retinoid X receptor: two novel orphan receptors.". Mol. Endocrinol. 9 (1): 72–85. doi:10.1210/me.9.1.72. PMID 7760852. 
• Le Beau MM, Song C, Davis EM, et al. (1995). "Assignment of the human ubiquitous receptor gene (UNR) to 19q13.3 using fluorescence in situ hybridization.". Genomics 26 (1): 166–8. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80100-Z. PMID 7782080. 
• Shinar DM, Endo N, Rutledge SJ, et al. (1994). "NER, a new member of the gene family encoding the human steroid hormone nuclear receptor.". Gene 147 (2): 273–6. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90080-9. PMID 7926814. 
• Song C, Kokontis JM, Hiipakka RA, Liao S (1994). "Ubiquitous receptor: a receptor that modulates gene activation by retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (23): 10809–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10809. PMC 45115. PMID 7971966. 
• Janowski BA, Grogan MJ, Jones SA, et al. (1999). "Structural requirements of ligands for the oxysterol liver X receptors LXRalpha and LXRbeta.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (1): 266–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.266. PMC 15128. PMID 9874807. 
• Feltkamp D, Wiebel FF, Alberti S, Gustafsson JA (1999). "Identification of a novel DNA binding site for nuclear orphan receptor OR1.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (15): 10421–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.15.10421. PMID 10187832. 
• Lee SK, Jung SY, Kim YS, et al. (2001). "Two distinct nuclear receptor-interaction domains and CREB-binding protein-dependent transactivation function of activating signal cointegrator-2.". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (2): 241–54. doi:10.1210/me.15.2.241. PMID 11158331. 
• Whitney KD, Watson MA, Goodwin B, et al. (2001). "Liver X receptor (LXR) regulation of the LXRalpha gene in human macrophages.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (47): 43509–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106155200. PMID 11546778. 
• Whitney KD, Watson MA, Collins JL, et al. (2003). "Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by the liver X receptors in the central nervous system.". Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (6): 1378–85. doi:10.1210/me.16.6.1378. PMID 12040022. 
• Brendel C, Schoonjans K, Botrugno OA, et al. (2003). "The small heterodimer partner interacts with the liver X receptor alpha and represses its transcriptional activity.". Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (9): 2065–76. doi:10.1210/me.2001-0194. PMID 12198243. 
• Mo J, Fang SJ, Chen W, Blobe GC (2003). "Regulation of ALK-1 signaling by the nuclear receptor LXRbeta.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (52): 50788–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210376200. PMID 12393874. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. 
• Williams S, Bledsoe RK, Collins JL, et al. (2003). "X-ray crystal structure of the liver X receptor beta ligand binding domain: regulation by a histidine-tryptophan switch.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (29): 27138–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302260200. PMID 12736258. 
• Färnegårdh M, Bonn T, Sun S, et al. (2003). "The three-dimensional structure of the liver X receptor beta reveals a flexible ligand-binding pocket that can accommodate fundamentally different ligands.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (40): 38821–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304842200. PMID 12819202. 
• Fukuchi J, Song C, Ko AL, Liao S (2004). "Transcriptional regulation of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase by liver X receptors.". Steroids 68 (7–8): 685–91. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(03)00100-4. PMID 12957674. 
• Hoerer S, Schmid A, Heckel A, et al. (2004). "Crystal structure of the human liver X receptor beta ligand-binding domain in complex with a synthetic agonist". J. Mol. Biol. 334 (5): 853–61. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.10.033. PMID 14643652. 
• Walczak R, Joseph SB, Laffitte BA, et al. (2004). "Transcription of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene in macrophages is regulated by liver X receptors". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (11): 9905–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310587200. PMID 14699103. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.