Al-Manshiyya, Acre
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 al-Manshiyya
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| Arabic | المنشيه |
| Sub-district | Acre |
| Coordinates | 32°56′06.28″N 35°05′25.87″E / 32.9350778°N 35.0905194°ECoordinates: 32°56′06.28″N 35°05′25.87″E / 32.9350778°N 35.0905194°E |
| Population | 810[1] (1945) |
| Area | 14,886[1] dunums |
| Date of depopulation | 14 May 1948 [2] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current localities | Shomrat, Bustan HaGalil |
Al-Manshiyya (Arabic: المنشية)[3] was a Palestinian village with a Muslim orphanage and a mosque known as the mosque of Abu 'Atiyya, which is still standing. The village was close to the shrine of Baha'u'llah, who was the founder of the Baha'i Faith, which is also still standing.
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[edit] History
Five graves were excavated in al-Manshiyya in 1955–56; the earliest dated from the thirteenth century BC.[4]
The people of Al-Manshiyya believed that the village was established in the aftermath of the Crusades, and the original inhabitants were brought to the area from North Africa by the Mamluks to populate the area. However, the village must have disintegrated subsequently, as it is not mentioned in the 1596 census.[4] A map from 1799 showed the place as a "uninhabited ruin",[5] while Guérin (1880) observe that the village is "newly founded".[6]
In the late nineteenth century, the village of Al-Manshiyya was described as being situated on a plain, surrounded by arable land, with houses built of stone and mud. It had a population of about 150.[7]
The economy of the village was based on agriculture. In 1944/45 253 dunams was used for citrus and bananas, 10,818 dunams were allotted to cereals, and 619 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards.[4][8]
[edit] 1948, and aftermath
The villagers, who were farmers, lived peacefully and had significant interaction with their Jewish neighbors. But the fighting in Acre, and later, the Deir Yassin massacre, frightened them.[9] The village was first drawn into the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on 6 February 1948. On that day a number of armed Jews, using automatic weapons and Sten guns, attacked the village. They were driven back by village defenders.[10]
Manshiyya was captured by on 14 May 1948 during Operation Ben-Ami.[11] One villager recalled that the dawn attack came from the hill overlooking the village. The villagers, "with bullets whizzing over their heads", ran towards the east "because all other sides were surrounded by the Jews". When they returned to remove the dead bodies, they found the village strewn with mines. One former villager recounted that her father returned to Al-Manshiyya about 10 days after the attack and found it had been razed.[12] On the 16 June 1948, David Ben-Gurion mentioned Manshiyya as one of the villages Israel had destroyed.[13]
Two settlements, Shomrat and Bustan HaGalil were established in 1948 on village land, north of the village site. The site is now part of the city of Acre.[4]
According to the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, the remaining structures on the village land were in 1992: "The Baha'i shrine, the mosque, the Islamic school for orphans, and a few houses still stand; the rest of the village is gone. The shrine is a handsome, domed structure, the front wall and arched entrance of which are framed by prominent stone pillars. The mosque, a stone structure with a dome and vaulted ceilings, has been turned into a private home for a Jewish family. The former Islamic school for orphans is also inhabited. The cemetery is still visible but is not tended; it contains a tombstone that is inscribed in Turkish and dates to the eighteenth century. The al-Basha water canal, built with stone blocks, still exists, but is not functioning; the same is also true of an aqueduct."[14]
Andrew Petersen, an archaeologist specializing in Islamic architecture, visited Al-Manshiyya in 1994. He found the mosque and shrine of Abu Atabi was still standing, though it has been turned into a residential complex since 1948. The prayer room functioned as a living room. An inscription in two parts was set above the doorway leading to the domed chamber containing the tomb. The date 1140 H (=1727–28 C.E.) was still visible in the upper part, while the lower part, written in larger ornamental script might be earlier, possibly dating to Mamluk times. Abu Atabi is said locally to be a Muslim warrior from the time of the Crusades, killed during the siege of Acre[disambiguation needed].[15]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Hadawi, 1970, p.40
- ^ Morris, 2004 p. xvii, village #88 Also gives the cause for depopulation
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p.52
- ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 23
- ^ Pierre Jacotin, see File:AcreNE1799.jpg. Cited in Petersen, 2002, p. 65
- ^ Guérin, 1880, p.1–2. Cited in Petersen, 2002, p. 65
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, I, p.147. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 23
- ^ Hadawi, 1970, p.81
- ^ Esber, 2008, p. 347
- ^ Information in the Palestinian daily Filasin, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 23
- ^ Morris, 2004, p.xvii, village #88
- ^ Esber, 2008, p. 347, note 120; interview with Maryam Ali Wardi, in Ain al-Hilweh, 2001
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 350
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 23–24
- ^ Petersen, 2002, p.65
[edit] Bibliography
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Al-Manshiyya, Acre |
- Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener (1881): The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. vol 1
- Esber, Rosemarie M. (2008), Under the Cover of War, The Zionist Expulsions of the Palestinians, Arabicus Books & Media, ISBN 0-9815131-7-4, 9780981513171, http://www.amazon.com/Under-Cover-War-Expulsion-Palestinians/dp/0981513131/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1273356798&sr=1-1
- Guérin, M. V. (1880): Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. Galilee, "Tome II"
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
- Karmon, Y, (1960), An analysis of Jaconin's map of Palestine, IEJ (=Israel Exploration Journal), 10, pp. 155–173 and 244-153.
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0-88728-224-5
- Morris, Benny (2004), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6, http://books.google.com/?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=benny+morris&q
- Palmer, E. H. (1881): The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and explained by E.H. Palmer.
- Petersen, Andrew (2002), A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology), Oxford University Press, ASIN 0197270115, ISBN 978-0-19-727011-0
[edit] External links and references
- Welcome to al-Manshiyya
- Al-Manshiyya from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
- Al-Manshiyya from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh
