Khirbat Jiddin
| Jiddin | |
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 Jiddin
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| Arabic | خربة جدّين |
| Sub-district | Acre |
| Coordinates | 32°59′39.44″N 35°13′18.46″E / 32.9942889°N 35.2217944°ECoordinates: 32°59′39.44″N 35°13′18.46″E / 32.9942889°N 35.2217944°E |
| Population | 1,500 (1945) |
| Area | 7,587[1] dunums |
| Date of depopulation | 11 July 1948 |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current localities | Yehiam[2], Kiryat, and Ga'aton[2][3] |
Khirbat Jiddin (Arabic: خربة جدين) was a Palestinian village in the Galilee located 16 km northeast of Acre. According to a 1945 census, the village had a population of 1,500 Muslims. Khirbat Jiddin lands totaled 7,587 dunums, 4,238 owned by Arabs and 3,349 dunums owned by Jews. Kibbutz Yehiam was established on the site in 1946.[4]
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[edit] History
The Crusaders called the village Judyn or Iudin. A Crusader castle was built there some time after May 1220, when the Teutonic Order acquired the nearby village of Shifaya. The village fell to Sultan Baybars between 1268 and 1271. In 1283, Burchard of Mount Sion described a destroyed castle on the site that had belonged to the Teutonic Order.[5]The castle was built around two towers with an outer enclosure wall.[6]It was rebuilt in the eighteenth century by Dhaher al-Omar, the Bedouin leader who became Ottoman governor of the Galilee.[7]The outer enclosure walls and moat were reconstructed,[8] together with an angled entrance gatehouse. A vaulted hall was built over the Crusader walls. This hall was the basement of a palatial residence which included a mosque and a bathhouse. The vaulted roof rested on a series of square pillars on the hillside. The walls featured well shafts and gun-slits. The mosque was a small square building originally roofed with four cross-vaults resting on a central pillar. The bath house was a small building supplied with water from the wells below.[6]
An Italian monk, Mariti, who traveled to "Geddin" in the 1760s, says he was given a generous reception by the local sheik who commanded the place for Daher.[9]
Jezzar Pasha razed the fortress around 1775.[10]
Before 1948, the ruined fortress was occupied by Bedouin of the al-Suwaytat tribe whose primary occupation was animal husbandry. In 1944/45, they also cultivated a little barley and tobacco on a total of 22 dunums of land.[2]
[edit] 1948 War and aftermath
The village was situated in territory allotted to the Arab state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan. On July 11, 1948, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the village was captured by Israel's Sheva' Brigade as part of Operation Dekel. Khirbat Jiddin was completely destroyed and defaced, with the exception of the Crusader fortress & the 1948 battle positions, which have been preserved as a national park.[citation needed]
[edit] See also
- Yehiam convoy
- Archeology of Israel
- List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
[edit] References
- ^ Hadawi, 1970, p. 40
- ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 19
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #30
- ^ About Kibbutz Yehiam
- ^ Pringle, 1998, p. 126.
- ^ a b Petersen, 2001, p. 251
- ^ Cohen, 1973, p 124. Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 19
- ^ "Yehi'am Fortress National Park". Israel Nature and Parks Authority. http://www.parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~20~~728371949~Card12~&ru=&SiteName=parks&Clt=&Bur=436618328.
- ^ Mariti p. 333, p.388, also cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 251.
- ^ Cohen, 1973, p 124. Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 19, Pringle et al., 1994.
[edit] Bibliography
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yehiam Fortress |
- Cohen, A. (1973), Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patters of Government and Administration. Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cited in Khalidi, (1992)
- Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener (1881): The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. vol 1 p. 151,185-186, according to Petersen
- Guérin, M. V.: (1880), Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. Galilee, "Tome II" Paris: Imprimerie Nationale (p.24 ff)
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0-88728-224-5
- Mariti, Giovanni (1792), Travels Through Cyprus, Syria, and Palestine; with a General History of the Levant. Translated from the Italian Printed for P. Byrne, Volume 1
- Morris, Benny (2004), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-00967-7
- Palmer, E. H. (1881): The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and explained by E.H. Palmer. p.51
- Petersen, Andrew (2001), A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology) P. 251
- Pringle, Denys (1998), The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-39037-0, http://books.google.com/?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC Also cited in Petersen (2001)
- Pringle, R. D., A. Petersen, M. Dow and C. Singer (1994), Qul at Jiddin: A castle of the Crusader and Ottoman periods in Galilee. Levant, 26: 135-66.
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